diff --git a/.idea/trevors_chip8_toy.iml b/.idea/trevors_chip8_toy.iml
deleted file mode 100644
index eafc13e..0000000
--- a/.idea/trevors_chip8_toy.iml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<module type="EMPTY_MODULE" version="4">
-  <component name="NewModuleRootManager">
-    <content url="file://$MODULE_DIR$">
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/chip8_core/src" isTestSource="false" />
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/chip8_toy/src" isTestSource="false" />
-      <sourceFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/emma/src" isTestSource="false" />
-      <excludeFolder url="file://$MODULE_DIR$/target" />
-    </content>
-    <orderEntry type="inheritedJdk" />
-    <orderEntry type="sourceFolder" forTests="false" />
-  </component>
-</module>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/coverage/tarpaulin-report.html b/coverage/tarpaulin-report.html
index f07883e..ca41565 100644
--- a/coverage/tarpaulin-report.html
+++ b/coverage/tarpaulin-report.html
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@
 <body>
     <div id="root"></div>
     <script>
-        var data = {"files":[{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","chip8_constants.rs"],"content":"\npub const CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE: u16 = 0x1000;\npub const CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE_USIZE: usize = 0x1000;\n\npub const FONT_0: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_1: [u8; 5] = [0x20, 0x60, 0x20, 0x20, 0x70];\npub const FONT_2: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_3: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_4: [u8; 5] = [0x90, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0x10];\npub const FONT_5: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_6: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_7: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x40];\npub const FONT_8: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_9: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_A: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0x90];\npub const FONT_B: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const FONT_C: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_D: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const FONT_E: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_F: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xf0, 0x80, 0x80];\n\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","chip8_mnemonics.rs"],"content":"use bitmask::bitmask;\n\nuse crate::{chip8_constants::CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, parts::Display::Chip8Display};\n\nenum Chip8StartOffset {\n    STANDARD,\n    ETI600,\n    OTHER,\n}\n\nstruct Chip8Registers {\n    V: [u8; 16],\n    I: u16,\n    DelayTimer: u16,\n    SoundTimer: u16,\n    StackPointer: u8,\n    ProgramCounter: u16,\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Registers {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Registers {\n            DelayTimer: 60,\n            V: [\n                0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n                0x00, 0x00,\n            ],\n            I: 0x00,\n            SoundTimer: 60,\n            StackPointer: 255,\n            ProgramCounter: 0x200,\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nenum Chip8Instruction {\n    SYS(u16),\n    CLS,\n    RET,\n    JMP(u16),\n    CALL(u16),\n    SNEQ(u8, u16),\n    SNNE(u8, u8),\n    SNRE(u8, u8),\n    STOR(u8, u16),\n    ADD(u8, u16),\n    MOV(u8, u8),\n    OR(u8, u8),\n    AND(u8, u8),\n    XOR(u8, u8),\n    ADC(u8, u8),\n    SBC(u8, u8),\n    RSR(u8, u8),\n    LSR(u8, u8),\n    SNE(u8, u8),\n    STO(i16),\n    JMPI(u16),\n    RND(u8, u8),\n    SETD(u8),\n    SETT(u8),\n    BCD(u8),\n}\n\nenum Chip8Keys {\n    KEY0,\n    KEY1,\n    KEY2,\n    KEY3,\n    KEY4,\n    KEY5,\n    KEY6,\n    KEY7,\n    KEY8,\n    KEY9,\n    KEYA,\n    KEYB,\n    KEYC,\n    KEYD,\n    KEYE,\n    KEYF,\n}\n\npub fn display_video_memory(system_memory: [u8; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize]) {\n    // Assumes memory addresses from\n}\n\nconst ZERO: u16 = 0b0000000000000000;\nconst BOTTOM_BYTE: u16 = 0b0000000011111111;\nconst TOP_BYTE: u16 = 0b1111111100000000;\nconst NIBBLE0: u16 = 0b1111000000000000;\nconst NIBBLE1: u16 = 0b0000111100000000;\nconst NIBBLE2: u16 = 0b0000000011110000;\nconst NIBBLE3: u16 = 0b0000000000001111;\nconst NIBBLE0_BALANCE: u16 = 0x0FFF;\nconst PMSK_0000: i16 = 0x0000;\nconst PMSK_00X0: i16 = 0x00F0;\nconst PMSK_0X00: i16 = 0x0F00;\nconst PMSK_0XXX: i16 = 0x0FFF;\n\n// AND against the possible operand to find which one we have\nbitmask! {\n    mask Chip8Instructions: u16 where flags Chip8InstructionFlags {\n        SYS       = 0x00,\n        CLR       = 0b0000000011100000,\n        RTS       = 0b0000000011101110,\n        JUMP      = 0b0001000000000000,\n        CALL      = 0b0010000000000000,\n        SKE       = 0b0011000000000000,\n        SKNE      = 0b0100000000000000,\n        SKRE      = 0b0101000000000000,\n        LOAD      = 0b0110000000000000,\n        ADD       = 0b0111000000000000,\n        MOVE      = 0b1000000000000000,\n        OR        = 0b1000000000000001,\n        AND       = 0b1000000000000010,\n        XOR       = 0b1000000000000011,\n        ADDR      = 0b1000000000000100,\n        SUB       = 0b1000000000000101,\n        SHR       = 0b1000000000000110,\n        SHL       = 0b1000000000001110,\n        SKRNE     = 0b1001000000000000,\n        LOADI     = 0b1010000000000000,\n        JUMPI     = 0b1011000000000000,\n        RAND      = 0b1100000000000000,\n        DRAW      = 0b1101000000000000,\n        SKPR      = 0b1110000000001110,\n        SKUP      = 0b1111000010100001,\n        MOVED     = 0b1111000000000111, \n        KEYD      = 0b1111000000001010,  \n        LOADD     = 0b1111000000010101,  \n        LOADS     = 0b1111000000011000, \n        ADDI      = 0b1111000000011110, \n        LDSPR     = 0b1111000000101001,  \n        BCD       = 0b1111000000110011, \n        STOR      = 0b1111000001010101,  \n        MEMCPY    = 0b1111000001100101   \n    }\n}\n\nenum Chip8Asm {\n    SYS(u16),\n    CLR(),\n    RTS(),\n    JUMP(u16),\n    CALL(u16),\n    SKE(u8, u8),\n    SKNE(u8, u8),\n    SKRE(u8, u8),\n    LOAD(u8, u8),\n    ADD(u8, u8),\n    MOVE(u8, u8),\n    OR(u8, u8),\n    AND(u8, u8),\n    XOR(u8, u8),\n    ADDR(u8, u8),\n    SUB(u8, u8),\n    SHR(u8, u8),\n    SHL(u8, u8),\n    SKRNE(u8, u8),\n    LOADI(u16),\n    JUMPI(u16),\n    RAND(u8, u8),\n    DRAW(u8, u8, u8),\n    SKPR(u8),\n    SKUP(u8),\n    MOVED(u8),\n    KEYD(u8),\n    LOADD(u8),\n    LOADS(u8),\n    ADDI(u8),\n    LDSPR(u8),\n    BCD(u8),\n    STOR(u8),\n    READ(u8),\n}\n\nstruct Chip8Cpu {}\n\nstruct Chip8System {\n    registers: Chip8Registers,\n    system_memory: [u8; 2048]\n}\n\nimpl Chip8System {\n    pub fn tick(mut self) {\n        println!(\" Ticking Chip8System\");\n\n        let next_instruction = self.system_memory[self.registers.ProgramCounter as usize] as u16;\n        println!(\"READ INSTRUCTION {next_instruction}\");\n        self.registers.ProgramCounter += 0x2;\n\n        \u0026self.delay_timer_tick();\n        \u0026self.sound_timer_tick();\n\n        // self.screen.tick();\n    }\n\n    fn delay_timer_tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.registers.DelayTimer = self.registers.DelayTimer - 1;\n\n    }\n\n    fn sound_timer_tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.registers.SoundTimer = self.registers.SoundTimer - 1;\n\n    }\n}\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","lib.rs"],"content":"pub mod chip8_mnemonics;\npub mod chip8_constants;\n\npub mod parts {\n    pub mod CPU;\n    pub mod Display;\n    pub mod Keyboard;\n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","parts","CPU.rs"],"content":"struct Chip8Registers {\n\n}\n\n\nimpl Chip8Registers {\n    pub fn tick(self: \u0026Self) {\n        println!(\"Ticking Registers\");\n    }\n}\n\npub struct Chip8InstructionParameter {\n   pub mask: u16\n}\n\npub struct Chip8Instruction {\n    pub id: String,\n    pub mask: u16,\n    pub pattern: u16,\n    pub arguments: Vec\u003cChip8InstructionParameter\u003e,\n    pub description: Box\u003cstr\u003e\n}\n\npub fn fill_chip8_instructions() -\u003e [Chip8Instruction; 34] {\n    [\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SYS\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x00,\n            pattern: 0x00,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0FFF\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Execute method at address referenced by parameter\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"CLR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x00E0,\n            pattern: 0x00E0,\n            arguments: vec![],\n            description: \"Clear the Screen\".into()\n },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RET\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x00EE,\n            pattern: 0x00EE,\n            arguments: vec![],\n            description: \"Return from Subroutine\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JMP\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x1FFF,\n            pattern: 0x1000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0fff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump to specified location\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SEQ\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x3FFF,\n            pattern: 0x3000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Skip next instruction if Register does equal parameter\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SNE\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x4FFF,\n            pattern: 0x4000,\n            arguments: vec! [\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Skip next instruction if Register doesn't equal parameter\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SREQ\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x5FF0,\n            pattern: 0x5000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"STO\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x6FFF,\n            pattern: 0x6000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Store value into register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"ADD\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x7FFF,\n            pattern: 0x7000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Add value in register 0x0f00 with value 0x00ff\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"CPY\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF0,\n            pattern: 0x8000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Copy value between Register X and Y\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"OR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF1,\n            pattern: 0x8001,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Logical OR of registers placing result in first register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"AND\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF2,\n            pattern: 0x8002,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Logical AND of registers placing result in first register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"XOR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF3,\n            pattern: 0x8003,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Logical XOR of registers placing result in first register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"ADC\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF4,\n            pattern: 0x8004,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Add 2 Registers with carry flag\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SUBC\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF5,\n            pattern: 0x8005,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Subtract 2 Registers with carry flag\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RSR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF6,\n            pattern: 0x8006,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Register Shifted Right\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SUBC\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF7,\n            pattern: 0x8007,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Subtract 2 Regiters with Carry\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RSL\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FFE,\n            pattern: 0x800E,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Register Shifted Left\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SRNE\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x9FF0,\n            pattern: 0x9000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Skip next instruction if registers not equal\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"LDI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xAFFF,\n            pattern: 0xA000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0fff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load Data from Memory Address\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JMPI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xBFFF,\n            pattern: 0xB000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0fff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump to Memory Address\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RNG\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xCFFF,\n            pattern: 0xC000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n          ],\n            description: \"Random number Generator\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SPR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xDFFF,\n            pattern: 0xD000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x000f\n                }\n                \n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JNK\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xEF9E,\n            pattern: 0xE09E,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump over next instruction if Key Pressed\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JKP\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xEFA1,\n            pattern: 0xE0A1,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump over next instruction if Key Not Pressed\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SDT\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF07,\n            pattern: 0xF007,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0F00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"WKP\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF0A,\n            pattern: 0xF00A,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Wait for a Key to be pressed\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"LDT\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF15,\n            pattern: 0xF015,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load Data Timer\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"LST\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF18,\n            pattern: 0xF018,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load Sound Timer\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"ADDI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF1E,\n            pattern: 0xF01E,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Add register with value at I\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SETI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF29,\n            pattern: 0xF029,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction{\n            id: \"BCD\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF33,\n            pattern: 0xF033,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Binary Coded Decimal of register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction{\n            id: \"MSTO\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF55,\n            pattern: 0xF055,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Store value in register X at offset I\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"MLOAD\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF65,\n            pattern: 0xF065,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load value into register X at offset I\".into()\n        }\n    ]\n}\n\n\nstruct Chip8System {\n\n}\n\nimpl Chip8System {\n    \n}\n\ntrait CpuInstruction {\n    fn execute(input: Chip8System) -\u003e Chip8System;\n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","parts","Display.rs"],"content":"\npub struct Chip8Display {\n    // 64w x 32h\n    pub memory: [bool; 512],\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Display {\n    pub fn tick(self: \u0026Self) {\n        println!(\"Ticking the display\");\n    }\n\n    pub fn render_chip8_display(to_render: Chip8Display) {\n        // 32 rows...\n        for index_row in 0..=32 {\n            // ...64 columns\n            for index_col in 0..=64 {\n                let offset = (index_row * 64) + index_col;\n                if to_render.memory[offset] {\n                    print!(\"*\")\n                } else {\n                    print!(\" \")\n                };\n            }\n            println!();\n        }\n    }\n}\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","parts","Keyboard.rs"],"content":"\n#[derive(Clone)]\nstruct Chip8Keyboard {\n    keys_state: [bool; 16]\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Keyboard {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Self { keys_state: [ \n            false, false, false, false,\n            false, false, false, false,\n            false, false, false, false,\n            false, false, false, false\n        ] }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Keyboard {\n\n    fn display_keyboard_key(self: Self, key_id: u8) {\n        let filler = if self.is_pressed(key_id) { \"*\" } else { \" \" };\n        print!(\"{}{}{}\", filler, key_id, filler)\n    }\n\n    fn display_keyboard_horizontal_line(self: Self, row_values: [u8; 4]) {\n        print!(\"|\");\n        for current in row_values {\n            self.clone().display_keyboard_key(current);\n            print!(\"|\");\n        }\n        println!();\n    } \n\n    fn display_keyboard_seperator_line(self: Self) {\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n\n    }\n\n    pub fn display_keyboard(self: Self) {\n        self.clone().display_keyboard_seperator_line();\n        self.clone().display_keyboard_horizontal_line(\n            [1,2,3,0xC]\n        );\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n        println!(\"| 4 | 5 | 6 | D |\");\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n        println!(\"| 7 | 8 | 9 | E |\");\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n        println!(\"| A | 0 | B | F |\");\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n    }\n    \n    pub fn press_key(self: \u0026mut Self, key_id: u8) {\n        self.keys_state[key_id as usize] = true;\n    }\n\n    pub fn release_key(self: \u0026mut Self, key_id: u8) {\n        self.keys_state[key_id as usize] = false;\n    }\n\n    pub fn is_pressed(self: Self, key_id: u8) -\u003e bool {\n        self.keys_state[key_id as usize]\n    }\n}\n\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n    use super::*;\n    \n    #[test]\n    fn smoke_test() {\n        assert_eq!(true, true);\n    }\n    \n    #[test]\n    fn basic_keyboard_display_works() {\n        let basic_keyboard = Chip8Keyboard::default();\n\n        \n    }\n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","app.rs"],"content":"/*\n\n#[derive(Default)]\npub struct App;\n\nimpl UiBuilder for App {\n    fn do_ui(\u0026mut self, ui: \u0026Ui\u003cSelf\u003e) {\n        #[cfg(feature = \"docking\")]\n        {\n            ui.dock_space_over_viewport(0, imgui::DockNodeFlags::None);\n        }\n        ui.show_demo_window(None);\n\n    }\n}*/","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","gui","display.rs"],"content":"use winit::{application::ApplicationHandler, event_loop::ActiveEventLoop, window::{Window, WindowAttributes}};\n\n/*\npub struct Chip8Display {\n    pub window: MainWindowWithRenderer,\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Display {\n    pub fn new(event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) -\u003e Chip8Display {\n        Chip8Display { window: MainWindowWithRenderer::new(\n            MainWindow::new::\u003c()\u003e(\u0026event_loop, Window::default_attributes().with_title(\"Chip8 Display\")).unwrap())\n         }\n    }\n\n    pub fn render\u003cM\u003e(ui: \u0026Ui\u003cM\u003e) {\n        \n    }\n}\n\nimpl UiBuilder for Chip8AppHandler {\n    fn do_ui(\u0026mut self, ui: \u0026Ui\u003cSelf\u003e) {\n\n        ui.text(\"This is where the Chip8 UI Goes\");\n        ui.text(\"Controls for Start/Stop/Load/Run Maybe?\");\n\n\n    }\n}\n\n#[derive(Default)]\npub struct Chip8AppHandler {\n    pub windows: Vec\u003cMainWindowWithRenderer\u003e,\n  //   pub display: Chip8Display\n}\n\nimpl ApplicationHandler for Chip8AppHandler {\n    fn suspended(\u0026mut self, _event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) {\n        self.windows.clear();\n    }\n\n    fn resumed(\u0026mut self, event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) {\n        self.windows.push(Chip8Display::new(event_loop).window);\n    }\n\n    fn window_event(\n        \u0026mut self,\n        event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop,\n        window_id: winit::window::WindowId,\n        event: winit::event::WindowEvent,\n    ) {\n        for window in \u0026mut self.windows {\n            if window.main_window().window().id() != window_id {\n                continue;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    fn new_events(\u0026mut self, _event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop, _cause: winit::event::StartCause) {\n        for window in \u0026mut self.windows {\n            window.new_events();\n        }\n    }\n    fn about_to_wait(\u0026mut self, _event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) {\n        for window in \u0026mut self.windows {\n            window.about_to_wait();\n        }\n    }\n\n}\n*/","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","lib.rs"],"content":"pub mod app;\n\npub mod gui {\n    pub mod display;\n}\n\npub mod support;","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","main.rs"],"content":"use trevors_chip8_core::parts::CPU::fill_chip8_instructions;\nuse trevors_chip8_toy::support;\nuse winit::{event::WindowEvent, event_loop::EventLoop};\n\nuse imgui::*;\n/*\npub fn display_instruction_table(current_index: u32, ui: \u0026Ui\u003cApp\u003e) -\u003e u32 {\n        let to_display = fill_chip8_instructions();\n    let mut return_index = current_index;\n    let current_instruction = to_display.get(return_index as usize).unwrap();\n    ui.text(\"Instructions\");\n    ui.set_next_item_width(100f32);\n    ui.with_group(|| {\n        ui.text(format!(\"{}\", current_instruction.description).as_str());\n        if current_instruction.arguments.is_empty() {\n            ui.text(\"No Parameters\");\n        } else {\n            for current_parameter in current_instruction.arguments {\n                ui.text(format!(\"{}\", current_parameter.mask).as_str());\n            }\n        }\n        ui.text(format!(\"{:#}\", current_instruction.arguments).as_str());\n        ui.text(\"This is where cool stuff happens part 2\");\n    });\n    ui.same_line();\n    ui.with_group(|| {\n        for (index, current) in to_display.iter().enumerate() {\n            if ui\n                .selectable_config(current.id.clone())\n                .selected(index == return_index as usize)\n                .build()\n            {\n                return_index = index as u32;\n            }\n        }\n    });\n    return_index\n}\n*/\n\nfn chip8_instructions(initial_index: u32, ui: \u0026mut Ui) -\u003e u32 {\n    let to_display = fill_chip8_instructions();\n    let mut return_index = initial_index;\n    let instruction_to_display = to_display.get(return_index as usize).unwrap();\n    let instruction_window = ui\n        .window(\"Instructions\")\n        .size([400.0, 400.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n        .build(|| {\n            ui.text(\"This should be my current instruction example\");\n            ui.same_line();\n            ui.set_next_item_width(-1.0f32);\n            for (index, instruction) in to_display.iter().enumerate() {\n                if ui\n                    .selectable_config(instruction.id.to_string())\n                    .selected(index as u32 == return_index)\n                    .build()\n                {\n                    return_index = index as u32;\n                    println!(\"RETURN INDEX {return_index}\");\n                }\n            }\n        });\n    return_index\n}\n\nfn main() {\n    let mut value = 0;\n    let choices = [\"test test this is 1\", \"test test this is 2\"];\n\n    let mut selected_instruction = 0;\n\n    support::simple_init(file!(), move |_, ui| {\n        selected_instruction = chip8_instructions(selected_instruction, ui);\n\n        ui.window(\"Hello world\")\n            .size([300.0, 110.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                ui.text_wrapped(\"Hello world!\");\n                if ui.button(choices[value]) {\n                    value += 1;\n                    value %= 2;\n                }\n\n                ui.button(\"This...is...imgui-rs!\");\n                ui.separator();\n                let mouse_pos = ui.io().mouse_pos;\n                ui.text(format!(\n                    \"Mouse Position: ({:.1},{:.1})\",\n                    mouse_pos[0], mouse_pos[1]\n                ));\n            });\n    });\n}\n/*\nfn main() {\n    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();\n\n    let mut main = AppHandler::\u003cApp\u003e::default();\n    main.attributes().title = String::from(\"Example-420\");\n\n    event_loop.run_app(\u0026mut main).unwrap();\n}\n\n#[derive(Default)]\npub struct App {\n    pub selected_instruction_index: u32,\n}\n\nimpl App {}\n\nimpl Application for App {\n    type UserEvent = ();\n    type Data = ();\n    fn new(_: Args\u003c()\u003e) -\u003e App {\n        App {\n            selected_instruction_index: 0,\n        }\n    }\n    fn window_event(\u0026mut self, args: Args\u003c()\u003e, _event: WindowEvent, res: EventResult) {\n        if res.window_closed {\n            args.event_loop.exit();\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl imgui::UiBuilder for App {\n    fn do_ui(\u0026mut self, ui: \u0026imgui::Ui\u003cSelf\u003e) {\n        #[cfg(feature = \"docking\")]\n        {\n            ui.dock_space_over_viewport(0, imgui::DockNodeFlags::None);\n        }\n\n        let x = ui.collapsing_header_config(\"collapsing header\");\n\n        ui.with_group(|| {\n            self.selected_instruction_index =\n                display_instruction_table(self.selected_instruction_index, ui);\n        });\n\n        ui.show_demo_window(None);\n    }\n}\n*/\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","support","clipboard.rs"],"content":"use copypasta::{ClipboardContext, ClipboardProvider};\nuse imgui::ClipboardBackend;\n\npub struct ClipboardSupport(pub ClipboardContext);\n\npub fn init() -\u003e Option\u003cClipboardSupport\u003e {\n    ClipboardContext::new().ok().map(ClipboardSupport)\n}\n\nimpl ClipboardBackend for ClipboardSupport {\n    fn get(\u0026mut self) -\u003e Option\u003cString\u003e {\n        self.0.get_contents().ok()\n    }\n    fn set(\u0026mut self, text: \u0026str) {\n        // ignore errors?\n        let _ = self.0.set_contents(text.to_owned());\n    }\n}\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","support","mod.rs"],"content":"use glium::glutin::surface::WindowSurface;\nuse glium::{Display, Surface};\nuse imgui::{Context, FontConfig, FontGlyphRanges, FontSource, Ui};\nuse imgui_glium_renderer::Renderer;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::dpi::LogicalSize;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::event::{Event, WindowEvent};\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::event_loop::EventLoop;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::window::WindowBuilder;\nuse imgui_winit_support::{HiDpiMode, WinitPlatform};\nuse std::path::Path;\nuse std::time::Instant;\n\nmod clipboard;\n\npub const FONT_SIZE: f32 = 13.0;\n\n#[allow(dead_code)] // annoyingly, RA yells that this is unusued\npub fn simple_init\u003cF: FnMut(\u0026mut bool, \u0026mut Ui) + 'static\u003e(title: \u0026str, run_ui: F) {\n    init_with_startup(title, |_, _, _| {}, run_ui);\n}\n\npub fn init_with_startup\u003cFInit, FUi\u003e(title: \u0026str, mut startup: FInit, mut run_ui: FUi)\nwhere\n    FInit: FnMut(\u0026mut Context, \u0026mut Renderer, \u0026Display\u003cWindowSurface\u003e) + 'static,\n    FUi: FnMut(\u0026mut bool, \u0026mut Ui) + 'static,\n{\n    let mut imgui = create_context();\n\n    let title = match Path::new(\u0026title).file_name() {\n        Some(file_name) =\u003e file_name.to_str().unwrap(),\n        None =\u003e title,\n    };\n    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().expect(\"Failed to create EventLoop\");\n\n    let builder = WindowBuilder::new()\n        .with_title(title)\n        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(1024, 768));\n    let (window, display) = glium::backend::glutin::SimpleWindowBuilder::new()\n        .set_window_builder(builder)\n        .build(\u0026event_loop);\n    let mut renderer = Renderer::init(\u0026mut imgui, \u0026display).expect(\"Failed to initialize renderer\");\n\n    if let Some(backend) = clipboard::init() {\n        imgui.set_clipboard_backend(backend);\n    } else {\n        eprintln!(\"Failed to initialize clipboard\");\n    }\n\n    let mut platform = WinitPlatform::init(\u0026mut imgui);\n    {\n        let dpi_mode = if let Ok(factor) = std::env::var(\"IMGUI_EXAMPLE_FORCE_DPI_FACTOR\") {\n            // Allow forcing of HiDPI factor for debugging purposes\n            match factor.parse::\u003cf64\u003e() {\n                Ok(f) =\u003e HiDpiMode::Locked(f),\n                Err(e) =\u003e panic!(\"Invalid scaling factor: {}\", e),\n            }\n        } else {\n            HiDpiMode::Default\n        };\n\n        platform.attach_window(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, dpi_mode);\n    }\n\n    let mut last_frame = Instant::now();\n\n    startup(\u0026mut imgui, \u0026mut renderer, \u0026display);\n\n    event_loop\n        .run(move |event, window_target| match event {\n            Event::NewEvents(_) =\u003e {\n                let now = Instant::now();\n                imgui.io_mut().update_delta_time(now - last_frame);\n                last_frame = now;\n            }\n            Event::AboutToWait =\u003e {\n                platform\n                    .prepare_frame(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window)\n                    .expect(\"Failed to prepare frame\");\n                window.request_redraw();\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,\n                ..\n            } =\u003e {\n                let ui = imgui.frame();\n\n                let mut run = true;\n                run_ui(\u0026mut run, ui);\n                if !run {\n                    window_target.exit();\n                }\n\n                let mut target = display.draw();\n                target.clear_color_srgb(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);\n                platform.prepare_render(ui, \u0026window);\n                let draw_data = imgui.render();\n                renderer\n                    .render(\u0026mut target, draw_data)\n                    .expect(\"Rendering failed\");\n                target.finish().expect(\"Failed to swap buffers\");\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::Resized(new_size),\n                ..\n            } =\u003e {\n                if new_size.width \u003e 0 \u0026\u0026 new_size.height \u003e 0 {\n                    display.resize((new_size.width, new_size.height));\n                }\n                platform.handle_event(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, \u0026event);\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,\n                ..\n            } =\u003e window_target.exit(),\n            event =\u003e {\n                platform.handle_event(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, \u0026event);\n            }\n        })\n        .expect(\"EventLoop error\");\n}\n\n/// Creates the imgui context\npub fn create_context() -\u003e imgui::Context {\n    let mut imgui = Context::create();\n    // Fixed font size. Note imgui_winit_support uses \"logical\n    // pixels\", which are physical pixels scaled by the devices\n    // scaling factor. Meaning, 13.0 pixels should look the same size\n    // on two different screens, and thus we do not need to scale this\n    // value (as the scaling is handled by winit)\n    imgui.fonts().add_font(\u0026[\n        FontSource::TtfData {\n            data: include_bytes!(\"../../../resources/Roboto-Regular.ttf\"),\n            size_pixels: FONT_SIZE,\n            config: Some(FontConfig {\n                // As imgui-glium-renderer isn't gamma-correct with\n                // it's font rendering, we apply an arbitrary\n                // multiplier to make the font a bit \"heavier\". With\n                // default imgui-glow-renderer this is unnecessary.\n                rasterizer_multiply: 1.5,\n                // Oversampling font helps improve text rendering at\n                // expense of larger font atlas texture.\n                oversample_h: 4,\n                oversample_v: 4,\n                ..FontConfig::default()\n            }),\n        },\n        FontSource::TtfData {\n            data: include_bytes!(\"../../../resources/mplus-1p-regular.ttf\"),\n            size_pixels: FONT_SIZE,\n            config: Some(FontConfig {\n                // Oversampling font helps improve text rendering at\n                // expense of larger font atlas texture.\n                oversample_h: 4,\n                oversample_v: 4,\n                // Range of glyphs to rasterize\n                glyph_ranges: FontGlyphRanges::japanese(),\n                ..FontConfig::default()\n            }),\n        },\n    ]);\n    imgui.set_ini_filename(None);\n\n    imgui\n}\n","traces":[{"line":18,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":19,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":27,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":29,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":30,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":31,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":33,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":35,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":36,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":37,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":38,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":39,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":40,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":41,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":43,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":44,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":46,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":49,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":51,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":53,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":54,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":55,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":58,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":61,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":64,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":66,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":69,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":70,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":71,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":72,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":73,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":75,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":76,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":77,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":78,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":79,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":81,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":82,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":83,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":84,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":85,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":87,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":88,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":89,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":90,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":93,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":94,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":95,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":96,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":97,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":98,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":99,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":100,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":102,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":103,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":104,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":105,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":106,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":107,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":109,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":111,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":112,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":113,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":114,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":115,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":116,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":0,"coverable":67},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","emma.rs"],"content":"use std::io::{stdout, Result};\n/*\nuse emmaemu::{chip8::{computer::Chip8Computer, video::Chip8Video}, constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT, CHIP8_ROM_SIZE, CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY}};\nuse ratatui::{\n    backend::CrosstermBackend,\n    crossterm::{\n        event::{self, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},\n        terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},\n        ExecutableCommand,\n    },\n    layout::{Alignment, Rect},\n    style::{Style, Stylize},\n    widgets::{List, Paragraph, Widget},\n    Frame, Terminal,\n};\n\n\nfn system_memory_to_text_render(data_to_dump: [u8; 2048]) -\u003e String {\n    let mut to_return = String::new();\n\n    for i in 0..256 {\n        to_return += \u0026format!(\"{:x}\\t\", data_to_dump[i as usize]).to_string();\n\n        if ((i + 1) % CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT) == 0 {\n            to_return += \"\\n\";\n        }\n    }\n\n    to_return\n}\n\nfn dump_memory_to_console(data_to_dump: [u8; 2048]) {\n    println!(\"STARTING TO DUMP MEMORY TO CONSOLE\");\n    println!(\"{}\", system_memory_to_text_render(data_to_dump));\n    println!(\"DONE DUMPING!\");\n    panic!(\"DONE DUMPING\");\n}\n\nstruct ControlKeyboard {\n\n}\n\nimpl Widget for ControlKeyboard {\n    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: \u0026mut ratatui::prelude::Buffer)\n    where\n        Self: Sized {\n            let style = Style::new();\n            buf.set_string(0, 0, \"F1 to cycle foreground - F2 to cycle background\", style)\n    }\n}\n\n\n#[derive(Clone)]\nstruct AppState {\n    pub menu_items: Vec\u003cString\u003e,\n    pub selected_menu_item: i32,\n    pub system: Chip8Computer,\n}\n\nimpl Default for AppState {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        println!(\"Creating new AppState\");\n        Self {\n            menu_items: vec![\n                \"Step CPU \u003cF5\u003e\".into(),\n                \"Reset CPU \u003cF12\u003e\".into(),\n                \"Item 3\".into(),\n            ],\n            selected_menu_item: 0,\n            system: Chip8Computer {\n                ..Default::default()\n            },\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nfn main() -\u003e Result\u003c()\u003e {\n     stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;\n      enable_raw_mode()?;\n      let mut terminal = Terminal::new(CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()))?;\n     terminal.clear()?;\n\n    let app = AppState::default();\n\n    loop {\n        // Draw Ui...\n        terminal.draw(|frame| {\n            frame.render_widget(app.system.memory, frame.area());\n          //  frame.render_widget(app.control_keyboard, area);\n            //render_cpu_state(app.system.clone(), frame);\n           // render_video_state(app.system.video_memory, frame);\n           // render_menu_list(app.clone(), frame);\n        })?;\n        // ...handle Events.\n        if event::poll(std::time::Duration::from_millis(16))? {\n            if let event::Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {\n                match key.kind {\n                    KeyEventKind::Press =\u003e match key.code {\n                        KeyCode::F(5) =\u003e {\n                            println!(\"Execute Next Instruction\");\n                        }\n                        KeyCode::F(12) =\u003e {\n                            println!(\"Resetting CPU\");\n                        }\n                        KeyCode::Char('q') =\u003e { break; }\n                        _ =\u003e (),\n                    },\n                    _ =\u003e (),\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    //  stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;\n    // disable_raw_mode()?;\n    Ok(())\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use emmaemu::constants::{CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};\n\n    use crate::*;\n    #[test]\n    fn blank_screen_renders_to_text() {\n        let test_video = Chip8Video::default();\n\n\n        let blank_data: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY] = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let blank_screen = (\" \".repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH.try_into().unwrap()) + \"\\n\")\n            .repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT.try_into().unwrap());\n       \n            assert_eq!(Chip8Video::new(blank_data).format_as_string(), blank_screen);\n        }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn filled_screen_renders_to_text() {\n        let filled_data: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY] = [true; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let filled_screen = (\"*\".repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH.try_into().unwrap()) + \"\\n\")\n            .repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT.try_into().unwrap());\n        assert_eq!(Chip8Video::new(filled_data).format_as_string(), filled_screen);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn grid_pattern_renders_to_text() {\n        let mut grid_data: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY] = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let mut expected_data = String::new();\n        for i in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            grid_data[i] = (i % 2 == 0);\n            if i % 2 == 0 {\n                grid_data[i] = true;\n                expected_data += \"*\";\n            } else {\n                grid_data[i] = false;\n                expected_data += \" \";\n            }\n            if (i as i32 % CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH as i32 == CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH - 1) {\n                expected_data += \"\\n\";\n            }\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(Chip8Video::new(grid_data).format_as_string(), expected_data);\n    }\n}\n*/\nfn main() {\n    println!(\"Taxation is theft\");\n}","traces":[{"line":166,"address":[119248],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":167,"address":[119252],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":0,"coverable":2},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","emmagui.rs"],"content":"use emmaemu::{\n    chip8::computer::Chip8Computer,\n    constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH},\n};\nuse imgui::*;\nuse ratatui::symbols::half_block;\nuse sys::{ImColor, ImVec2, ImVector_ImU32};\nuse rand::random;\nuse emmaemu::chip8::system_memory::Chip8SystemMemory;\nuse support::emmagui_support::EmmaGui;\nmod support;\n\n\nfn hello_world_window(ui: \u0026Ui) {\n\n    let mut value = 1;\n    let choices = [\"test test this is 1\", \"test test this is 2\"];\n    ui.window(\"EmmaGui\")\n        .size([300.0, 110.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n        .build(|| {\n            ui.text_wrapped(\"Hello world!\");\n            ui.text_wrapped(\"こんにちは世界！\");\n            if ui.button(choices[value]) {\n                value += 1;\n                value %= 2;\n            }\n\n            ui.button(\"This...is...imgui-rs!\");\n            ui.separator();\n            let mouse_pos = ui.io().mouse_pos;\n            ui.text(format!(\n                \"Mouse Position: ({:.1},{:.1})\",\n                mouse_pos[0], mouse_pos[1]\n            ));\n        });\n}\n\nstruct UiState {\n    pub show_registers: bool,\n    pub show_memory: bool,\n    pub show_video: bool\n}\n\nimpl Default for UiState {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        UiState {\n            show_registers: true,\n            show_memory: true,\n            show_video: true\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n\nfn main() {\n    pretty_env_logger::init();\n    let mut system = Chip8Computer::default();\n    let mut ui_state = UiState::default();\n    support::simple_init(file!(), move |_, ui| {\n\n   //     hello_world_window(ui);\n\n        EmmaGui::system_controls(\u0026mut system, ui);\n\n        EmmaGui::registers_view(\u0026system, ui);\n        let active_instruction = system.registers.peek_pc();\n        EmmaGui::hex_memory_display(system.memory.clone(), (0x100, 0x10), active_instruction as i16, ui);\n        EmmaGui::video_display(\u0026system, ui);\n\n      //  EmmaGui::system_memory_render(system.memory, ui);\n\n      //  system.memory.gui_render(ui);\n\n    });\n}\n","traces":[{"line":14,"address":[4552000],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":16,"address":[4552022],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":17,"address":[4552031],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":18,"address":[4552073,4552140,4552228],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":19,"address":[4552098],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":20,"address":[4552194],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":21,"address":[4809788],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":22,"address":[4809813],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":23,"address":[4809838,4810969],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":24,"address":[4810911,4810974],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":25,"address":[4810951],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":28,"address":[4809940],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":29,"address":[4809965],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":30,"address":[4809979],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":31,"address":[4810008,4810107,4810202,4810888],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":55,"address":[4552288,4552564,4552593],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":56,"address":[4552340],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":57,"address":[4552357],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":58,"address":[4552435,4552379],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":59,"address":[4552486],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":63,"address":[4811058],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":65,"address":[4811073],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":66,"address":[4811083],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":67,"address":[4811114],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[4811171],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":0,"coverable":25},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","font","text_rendering.rs"],"content":"use ratatui::{style::Stylize, widgets::{List, Paragraph}, Frame};\n\nuse crate::{AppState, Chip8Computer, CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT, CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY};\n\n\npub fn render_cpu_state(cpu_state: Chip8Computer, frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    let mut area = frame.area();\n\n    let mut current_state: Vec\u003cString\u003e = vec![];\n\n    current_state.push(format!(\"Delay Timer {:X}\", cpu_state.delay_timer));\n    current_state.push(format!(\"Sound Timer {:X}\", cpu_state.sound_timer));\n    current_state.push(format!(\"PC {:X}\", cpu_state.pc));\n    for i in 0 .. CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT {\n        current_state.push(format!(\"V{}: {}\", i, cpu_state.registers[i as usize]));\n    }\n\n    frame.render_widget(\n        List::new(current_state).blue().on_white(), area)\n}\n\npub fn render_menu_list(state: AppState, frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    let mut area = frame.area();\n\n    frame.render_widget(List::new(state.menu_items).blue().on_white(), area);\n}\n\npub fn render_hello_world(frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    let area = frame.area();\n    frame.render_widget(\n        Paragraph::new(\"Hello Ratatui! (press 'q' to quit)\")\n            .white()\n            .on_blue(),\n        area,\n    );\n}\n\npub fn render_video_state(video_memory: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY], frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    \n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","support","clipboard.rs"],"content":"","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","support","emmagui_support.rs"],"content":"use std::fs::File;\nuse std::io::Read;\nuse std::path::Path;\nuse std::thread::sleep;\nuse std::time::Duration;\nuse imgui::{Condition, ImColor32, Ui};\nuse emmaemu::chip8::computer::Chip8Computer;\nuse emmaemu::chip8::system_memory::Chip8SystemMemory;\nuse emmaemu::constants::{CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};\n\n\npub struct EmmaGui {}\n\nconst CELL_WIDTH: i32 = 5i32;\nconst CELL_HEIGHT: i32 = 5i32;\n\nimpl EmmaGui {\n    pub fn video_display(system_to_control: \u0026Chip8Computer, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        // draw area size\n        let draw_area_size = ui.window_size();\n        let cell_width = draw_area_size[0] as i32 / 64;\n        let cell_height = draw_area_size[1] as i32 / 32;\n\n        ui.window(format!(\"Display {cell_width}x{cell_height}\"))\n            .size([300.0, 300.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                let origin = ui.cursor_screen_pos();\n                let fg = ui.get_window_draw_list();\n                ui.text(\"This is the video display.\");\n                for current_row in 0..31 {\n                    for current_column in 0..63 {\n                        let x_offset = origin[0] as i32 +  (current_column * cell_width);\n                        let y_offset = origin[1] as i32 + (current_row * cell_height);\n                        let current_origin = [x_offset as f32, y_offset as f32];\n                        let current_limit = [(x_offset + cell_width) as f32, (y_offset + cell_height) as f32];\n                        let memory_offset = (current_row * 64 + current_column) as u16;\n                        let to_render = system_to_control.video_memory.peek(memory_offset);\n                        let color: ImColor32 = if to_render {\n                            ImColor32::from_rgb(0xff, 0x00, 0x00)\n                        } else {\n                            ImColor32::from_rgb(0x00, 0x00, 0xff)\n                        };\n                        fg.add_rect_filled_multicolor(current_origin, current_limit, color, color, color, color);\n                    }\n                }\n            });\n    }\n    pub fn system_controls(system_to_control: \u0026mut Chip8Computer, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        ui.window(\"!!!! CONTROLS !!!!\")\n            .size([200.0, 200.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                ui.text(\"Computer Controls\");\n\n                if ui.button(\"Step\") {\n                    system_to_control.step_system();\n                };\n                if ui.button(\"Load Program\") {\n                    let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n\n                    println!(\"PREPARING TO LOAD 1-chip8-logo.ch8\");\n                    let mut input_file = File::open(Path::new(\"./1-chip8-logo.ch8\")).expect(\"put 1-chip8-logo.ch8 in this directory\");\n                    // let mut input_file = File::open(Path::new(\"./coraxhard.ch8\")).expect(\"put 1-chip8-logo.ch8 in this directory\");\n                    input_file.read_to_end(\u0026mut buffer).expect(\"unable to read file\");\n                    system_to_control.load_bytes_to_memory(0x200, buffer.into());\n                }\n                if ui.button(\"Reset\") {\n                    *system_to_control = Chip8Computer::new();\n                }\n            });\n    }\n\n    pub fn registers_view(system: \u0026Chip8Computer, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        ui.window(\"Registers\")\n            .size([400.0, 500.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                ui.text(\"Registers\");\n                for i in 1..0x10 {\n                    ui.text(format!(\"V{:X}: {}\", i, system.registers.peek(i)));\n                    if i != 7 {\n                        ui.same_line();\n                    }\n                }\n                ui.text(\"\");\n                ui.text(format!(\"I: {:03X}\", system.registers.peek_i()));\n                ui.same_line();\n                ui.text(format!(\"ST: {:02X}\", system.sound_timer.current()));\n                ui.same_line();\n                ui.text(format!(\"DT: {:02X}\", system.delay_timer.current()));\n                ui.text(format!(\"PC: {:02X}\", system.registers.peek_pc()));\n                ui.text(format!(\"SP: {:02X}\", system.stack.depth()));\n            });\n    }\n\n    pub fn hex_memory_display(bytes: Chip8SystemMemory, position: (i32, i32), active: i16, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        let rows = position.0;\n        let cols = position.1;\n        ui.window(\"System Memory\")\n            .size([400.0, 300.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                let mut current_x_hover: i32 = 0;\n                let mut current_y_hover: i32 = 0;\n                // display a block of data\n                for current_row in 0..rows {\n                    ui.text(format!(\"{:02x}\", current_row * cols));\n                    ui.same_line();\n                    for current_column in 0..cols {\n                        let data_offset = current_row * cols + current_column;\n                        let formatted_text = format!(\"{:02x}\", bytes.peek(data_offset as u16));\n                        let text_location = ui.cursor_screen_pos();\n                        let text_size = ui.calc_text_size(formatted_text.clone());\n                        let bounding_box = imgui::sys::ImVec2 {\n                            x: text_location[0] + text_size[0],\n                            y: text_location[1] + text_size[1],\n                        };\n\n                        let hovering = ui.is_mouse_hovering_rect(text_location, [bounding_box.x, bounding_box.y]);\n                        let is_active = data_offset == active as i32;\n\n                        ui.text_colored(if hovering {\n                            [0., 1., 1., 1.]\n                        } else if is_active {\n                            [1., 0., 1., 1.]\n                        } else {\n                            [1., 1., 0., 1.]\n                        }, formatted_text.clone());\n\n\n                        // if we are hovering show that at the bottom...\n                        if hovering {\n                            // Optionally change the text color to indicate it's interactable\n                            current_x_hover = current_column;\n                            current_y_hover = current_row;\n\n                            // Check if the left mouse button is clicked while hovering over the text\n                            if ui.is_mouse_clicked(imgui::MouseButton::Left) {\n                                println!(\"Offset: [{}] [0x{:02x}] Value: [{}]\", data_offset, data_offset, formatted_text.clone());\n                                // Perform any action here, e.g., call a function, trigger an event, etc.\n                            }\n                        }\n\n                        // are we on the same line?\n                        if current_column != (cols - 1) {\n                            ui.same_line();\n                        }\n                    }\n                }\n                ui.text(format!(\"Offset 0x{:03x}\", current_x_hover * cols + current_y_hover));\n            });\n    }\n\n    pub fn system_memory_render(memory: Chip8SystemMemory, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        ui.window(\"System Memory\")\n            .size([300.0, 100.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                ui.text(\"Rendering System Memory Here\");\n                let draw_list = ui.get_foreground_draw_list();\n                let mut idx = 0;\n                for row in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT {\n                    for column in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH {\n                        let x_offset = column * CELL_WIDTH;\n                        let y_offset = row * CELL_WIDTH;\n                        let start_point = [x_offset as f32, y_offset as f32];\n                        let end_point = [(x_offset + CELL_WIDTH) as f32,\n                            (y_offset + CELL_HEIGHT) as f32\n                        ];\n                        let memory_offset = (row * CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH) + column;\n                        let target_color = if memory.peek(memory_offset as u16) == 0 {\n                            ImColor32::BLACK\n                        } else {\n                            ImColor32::WHITE\n                        };\n                        draw_list.add_rect([x_offset as f32, y_offset as f32],\n                                           [(x_offset + CELL_WIDTH) as f32, (y_offset + CELL_HEIGHT) as f32],\n                                           target_color).build();\n                        idx += 1;\n                    }\n                }\n            });\n    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glium::glutin::surface::WindowSurface;\nuse glium::{Display, Surface};\nuse imgui::{Context, FontConfig, FontGlyphRanges, FontSource, Ui};\nuse imgui_glium_renderer::Renderer;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::dpi::LogicalSize;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::event::{Event, WindowEvent};\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::event_loop::EventLoop;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::window::WindowBuilder;\nuse imgui_winit_support::{HiDpiMode, WinitPlatform};\nuse std::path::Path;\nuse std::time::Instant;\n\npub mod emmagui_support;\nuse copypasta::{ClipboardContext, ClipboardProvider};\nuse imgui::ClipboardBackend;\n\npub struct ClipboardSupport(pub ClipboardContext);\n\npub fn clipboard_init() -\u003e Option\u003cClipboardSupport\u003e {\n    ClipboardContext::new().ok().map(ClipboardSupport)\n}\n\nimpl ClipboardBackend for ClipboardSupport {\n    fn get(\u0026mut self) -\u003e Option\u003cString\u003e {\n        self.0.get_contents().ok()\n    }\n    fn set(\u0026mut self, text: \u0026str) {\n        // ignore errors?\n        let _ = self.0.set_contents(text.to_owned());\n    }\n}\n\npub const FONT_SIZE: f32 = 13.0;\n\n#[allow(dead_code)] // annoyingly, RA yells that this is unusued\npub fn simple_init\u003cF: FnMut(\u0026mut bool, \u0026mut Ui) + 'static\u003e(title: \u0026str, run_ui: F) {\n    init_with_startup(title, |_, _, _| {}, run_ui);\n}\n\npub fn init_with_startup\u003cFInit, FUi\u003e(title: \u0026str, mut startup: FInit, mut run_ui: FUi)\nwhere\n    FInit: FnMut(\u0026mut Context, \u0026mut Renderer, \u0026Display\u003cWindowSurface\u003e) + 'static,\n    FUi: FnMut(\u0026mut bool, \u0026mut Ui) + 'static,\n{\n    let mut imgui = create_context();\n\n    let title = match Path::new(\u0026title).file_name() {\n        Some(file_name) =\u003e file_name.to_str().unwrap(),\n        None =\u003e title,\n    };\n    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().expect(\"Failed to create EventLoop\");\n\n    let builder = WindowBuilder::new()\n        .with_maximized(true)\n        .with_title(title);\n      //  .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(1024, 768));\n    let (window, display) = glium::backend::glutin::SimpleWindowBuilder::new()\n        .set_window_builder(builder)\n        .build(\u0026event_loop);\n    let mut renderer = Renderer::init(\u0026mut imgui, \u0026display).expect(\"Failed to initialize renderer\");\n\n    if let Some(backend) = clipboard_init() {\n        imgui.set_clipboard_backend(backend);\n    } else {\n        eprintln!(\"Failed to initialize clipboard\");\n    }\n\n    let mut platform = WinitPlatform::init(\u0026mut imgui);\n    {\n        let dpi_mode = if let Ok(factor) = std::env::var(\"IMGUI_EXAMPLE_FORCE_DPI_FACTOR\") {\n            // Allow forcing of HiDPI factor for debugging purposes\n            match factor.parse::\u003cf64\u003e() {\n                Ok(f) =\u003e HiDpiMode::Locked(f),\n                Err(e) =\u003e panic!(\"Invalid scaling factor: {}\", e),\n            }\n        } else {\n            HiDpiMode::Default\n        };\n\n        platform.attach_window(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, dpi_mode);\n    }\n\n    let mut last_frame = Instant::now();\n\n    startup(\u0026mut imgui, \u0026mut renderer, \u0026display);\n\n    event_loop\n        .run(move |event, window_target| match event {\n            Event::NewEvents(_) =\u003e {\n                let now = Instant::now();\n                imgui.io_mut().update_delta_time(now - last_frame);\n                last_frame = now;\n            }\n            Event::AboutToWait =\u003e {\n                platform\n                    .prepare_frame(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window)\n                    .expect(\"Failed to prepare frame\");\n                window.request_redraw();\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,\n                ..\n            } =\u003e {\n                let ui = imgui.frame();\n\n                let mut run = true;\n                run_ui(\u0026mut run, ui);\n                if !run {\n                    window_target.exit();\n                }\n\n                let mut target = display.draw();\n                target.clear_color_srgb(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);\n                platform.prepare_render(ui, \u0026window);\n                let draw_data = imgui.render();\n                renderer\n                    .render(\u0026mut target, draw_data)\n                    .expect(\"Rendering failed\");\n                target.finish().expect(\"Failed to swap buffers\");\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::Resized(new_size),\n                ..\n            } =\u003e {\n                if new_size.width \u003e 0 \u0026\u0026 new_size.height \u003e 0 {\n                    display.resize((new_size.width, new_size.height));\n                }\n                platform.handle_event(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, \u0026event);\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,\n                ..\n            } =\u003e window_target.exit(),\n            event =\u003e {\n                platform.handle_event(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, \u0026event);\n            }\n        })\n        .expect(\"EventLoop error\");\n}\n\n/// Creates the imgui context\npub fn create_context() -\u003e imgui::Context {\n    let mut imgui = Context::create();\n    // Fixed font size. Note imgui_winit_support uses \"logical\n    // pixels\", which are physical pixels scaled by the devices\n    // scaling factor. Meaning, 13.0 pixels should look the same size\n    // on two different screens, and thus we do not need to scale this\n    // value (as the scaling is handled by winit)\n    imgui.fonts().add_font(\u0026[\n        FontSource::TtfData {\n            data: include_bytes!(\"../../../../resources/Roboto-Regular.ttf\"),\n            size_pixels: FONT_SIZE,\n            config: Some(FontConfig {\n                // As imgui-glium-renderer isn't gamma-correct with\n                // it's font rendering, we apply an arbitrary\n                // multiplier to make the font a bit \"heavier\". With\n                // default imgui-glow-renderer this is unnecessary.\n                rasterizer_multiply: 1.5,\n                // Oversampling font helps improve text rendering at\n                // expense of larger font atlas texture.\n                oversample_h: 4,\n                oversample_v: 4,\n                ..FontConfig::default()\n            }),\n        },\n        FontSource::TtfData {\n            data: include_bytes!(\"../../../../resources/mplus-1p-regular.ttf\"),\n            size_pixels: FONT_SIZE,\n            config: Some(FontConfig {\n                // Oversampling font helps improve text rendering at\n                // expense of larger font atlas texture.\n                oversample_h: 4,\n                oversample_v: 4,\n                // Range of glyphs to rasterize\n                glyph_ranges: FontGlyphRanges::japanese(),\n                ..FontConfig::default()\n            }),\n        },\n    ]);\n    imgui.set_ini_filename(None);\n\n    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log::{debug, error};\nuse crate::chip8::delay_timer::DelayTimer;\nuse crate::chip8::instructions::Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION;\nuse crate::chip8::keypad::Keypad;\nuse crate::chip8::registers::Chip8Registers;\nuse crate::chip8::sound_timer::SoundTimer;\nuse crate::chip8::stack::Chip8Stack;\nuse crate::chip8::util::InstructionUtil;\nuse crate::constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT};\n\nuse super::{\n    cpu_states::Chip8CpuStates, instructions::Chip8CpuInstructions, system_memory::Chip8SystemMemory, video::Chip8Video,\n};\n\nconst STACK_POINTER_DEFAULT: i16 = 0x100;\n\n#[derive(Clone)]\npub struct Chip8Computer {\n    pub memory: Chip8SystemMemory,\n    pub registers: Chip8Registers,\n    pub sound_timer: SoundTimer,\n    pub delay_timer: DelayTimer,\n    pub video_memory: Chip8Video,\n    pub state: Chip8CpuStates,\n    pub keypad: Keypad,\n    pub stack: Chip8Stack\n}\nimpl Default for Chip8Computer {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Self {\n            memory: Chip8SystemMemory::default(),\n            video_memory: Chip8Video::default(),\n            registers: Chip8Registers::default(),\n            sound_timer: SoundTimer::new(),\n            delay_timer: DelayTimer::new(),\n            state: Chip8CpuStates::default(),\n            keypad: Keypad::default(),\n            stack: Chip8Stack::default()\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Computer {\n    pub fn new_with_program(new_program: Box\u003cVec\u003cu16\u003e\u003e) -\u003e Self {\n        let mut working = Chip8Computer::new();\n        for i in 0..new_program.len() {\n            let high_byte = (new_program[i as usize] \u003e\u003e 8) as u8;\n            let low_byte = (new_program[i] \u0026 0xff) as u8;\n            let base_offset = i * 2;\n            working.memory.poke(base_offset as u16, high_byte);\n            working.memory.poke((base_offset + 1) as u16, low_byte);\n        }\n        working\n    }\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Computer::default()\n    }\n\n    pub fn load_bytes_to_memory(\u0026mut self, offset: u16, to_load: Box\u003cVec\u003cu8\u003e\u003e) {\n        let total_len = to_load.len() as u16;\n        for current_index in 0..total_len {\n            let new_value = to_load[current_index as usize];\n            let new_location = current_index + offset;\n            self.memory.poke(new_location, new_value);\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn step_system(\u0026mut self) -\u003e \u0026mut Chip8Computer {\n        debug!(\"Stepping System 1 Step\");\n        // read the next instruction\n\n        let mut working_instruction: u16 = 0b0000000000000000;\n        let start_pc = self.registers.peek_pc();\n        let high_byte = (self.memory.clone().peek(start_pc) as u16).rotate_left(8);\n        let low_byte = self.memory.clone().peek(start_pc + 1) as u16;\n        let result = high_byte | low_byte;\n        let decoded_instruction =\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(result);\n        // todo: THIS IS BAD AND IS A SIDE EFFECT\n        decoded_instruction.execute(self);\n\n        match self.state {\n            Chip8CpuStates::WaitingForInstruction =\u003e {\n                self.sound_timer.tick();\n                self.delay_timer.tick();\n            }\n            Chip8CpuStates::WaitingForKey =\u003e {\n                println!(\"waiting for a key press...\");\n            }\n            _ =\u003e {}\n        }\n        self\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use rand::random;\n    use crate::constants::CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY;\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n}\n\n","traces":[{"line":29,"address":[19702800],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":31,"address":[1325728],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":32,"address":[1325738],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":33,"address":[1325751],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":34,"address":[19702871],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":35,"address":[1325773],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":36,"address":[1325782],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":37,"address":[1325791],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":38,"address":[1325804],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":44,"address":[1326048,1326685],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":45,"address":[1326096],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":46,"address":[1326375,1326143,1326209],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":47,"address":[1326396],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":48,"address":[1326467],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":49,"address":[1326582,1326527],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":50,"address":[1326562],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":51,"address":[1326607],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":53,"address":[1326331],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":55,"address":[1326720],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":56,"address":[1326728],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":59,"address":[1326752,1327120],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":60,"address":[1326845,1326784],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":61,"address":[19703973,19704091],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":62,"address":[1326986],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":63,"address":[1327095,1327044],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":64,"address":[1327078,1327115],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[1327152],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":69,"address":[1327467,1327224],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":72,"address":[19704329],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":73,"address":[1327264],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":74,"address":[1327294,1327384],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":75,"address":[1327768,1327392,1327612],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":76,"address":[1327647],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":77,"address":[1327663],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":80,"address":[1327717],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":82,"address":[1327736],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":84,"address":[1327802],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":85,"address":[1327819],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":88,"address":[1327833],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":11,"coverable":39},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","cpu_states.rs"],"content":"#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]\npub enum Chip8CpuStates {\n    #[default]\n    WaitingForInstruction,\n    WaitingForKey,\n    ExecutingInstruction,\n    Error,\n}\n\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","delay_timer.rs"],"content":"#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct DelayTimer {\n    counter: i32\n}\n\nimpl DelayTimer {\n    pub fn current(\u0026self) -\u003e i32 {\n        self.counter\n    }\n\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        DelayTimer {\n            counter: 0xff\n        }\n    }\n    pub fn set_timer(\u0026mut self, new_value: i32) {\n        self.counter = new_value\n    }\n\n    pub fn tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        if self.counter \u003e 0 {\n            self.counter -= 1;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use crate::chip8::sound_timer::SoundTimer;\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ticks_reduce_time() {\n        let mut st = DelayTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(100);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 97);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn out_of_ticks_works() {\n        let mut st = DelayTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(0);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 0);\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":7,"address":[1449504],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":8,"address":[1449509],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":16,"address":[1449536],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":17,"address":[1449545],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":20,"address":[1449552],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":21,"address":[1449566,1449605],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":22,"address":[1449607,1449581],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":7,"coverable":7},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","instructions.rs"],"content":"use std::ops::{Shl, Shr};\nuse imgui::ColorPicker3;\nuse log::debug;\nuse rand::random;\nuse crate::chip8::computer::{Chip8Computer};\nuse crate::chip8::cpu_states::Chip8CpuStates::WaitingForKey;\nuse crate::chip8::instructions::Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION;\nuse crate::chip8::util::InstructionUtil;\nuse crate::chip8::video::Chip8Video;\n\n/*\nnnn or addr - A 12-bit value, the lowest 12 bits of the instruction\nn or nibble - A 4-bit value, the lowest 4 bits of the instruction\nx - A 4-bit value, the lower 4 bits of the high byte of the instruction\ny - A 4-bit value, the upper 4 bits of the low byte of the instruction\nkk or byte - An 8-bit value, the lowest 8 bits of the instruction\n */\n\n#[derive(Debug)]\npub enum Chip8CpuInstructions {\n    /// 0nnn\n    /// Exit to System Call at nnn\n    SysAddr(i16),\n    /// Clear Screen\n    CLS,\n    /// Return from Subroutine\n    RET,\n    /// 1nnn\n    /// Jump to Address nnn\n    JpAddr(i16),\n    /// 2nnn\n    /// Call Subroutine at nnn\n    CallAddr(i16),\n    /// 0x3xkk\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx == kk\n    SeVxByte(i16, i16),\n    /// 4xkk\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx != kk\n    SneVxByte(i16, i16),\n    /// 5xy0\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx == Vy\n    SeVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 6xkk\n    /// Set Vx = kk\n    LdVxByte(u16, u16),\n    /// 7xkk\n    /// Set Vx = Vx + kk\n    AddVxByte(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy0\n    /// Set Vx = Vy\n    LdVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy1\n    /// Set Vx = Vx OR Vy\n    OrVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy2\n    /// Set Vx = Vx AND Vy\n    AndVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy3\n    /// Set Vx = Vx XOR Vy\n    XorVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy4\n    /// Set Vx = Vx + Vy\n    /// Set VF=1 if Carry\n    AddVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy5\n    /// Set Vx = Vx - Vy\n    /// Set VF=1 if No Borrow\n    SubVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy6\n    /// Set Vx = Vx SHR 1\n    ShrVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy7\n    /// Set Vx = Vy - Vx\n    /// Set VF=1 if No Borrow\n    SubnVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xye\n    /// Set Vx = Vx SHL 1\n    ShlVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 9xy0\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx != Vy\n    SneVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// Annn\n    /// Load I register with NNN\n    LdIAddr(u16),\n    /// Bnnn\n    /// Jump to nnn+V0\n    JpV0Addr(u16),\n    /// Cxkk\n    /// Set Vx = Random u8 AND kk\n    RndVxByte(u16, u16),\n    /// Dxyn\n    /// Display N byte tall sprite starting at Vx, Vy\n    DrawVxVyNibble(u16, u16, u16),\n    /// Ex9E\n    /// Skip next instruction of key in Vx pressed\n    SkpVx(u16),\n    /// ExA1\n    /// Skip Next If Key Not Pressed\n    SnkpVx(u16),\n    /// Fx07\n    /// Set Vx = Dt\n    LdVxDt(u16),\n    /// Fx0A\n    /// Wait for Key to be pressed and store\n    /// in Vx\n    LdVxK(u16),\n    /// Fx15\n    /// Load Value in Delay Timer to Vx\n    LdDtVx(u16),                   // 0xFx15 Set Delay Timer\n    /// Fx18\n    /// Set Dt = Vx\n    LdStVx(u16),\n    AddIVx(u16),                   // 0xFx1E I = I + Vx\n    LdFVx(u16),                    // 0xFx29 Set I = Location of sprite for Digit Vx\n    LdBVx(u16),                    // 0xFx33 Store BCD of Vx in I, I+1, I+2\n    LdIVx(u16),                    // 0xFx55 Store V0 to Vx in memory starting at I\n    LdVxI(u16),                    // 0xFx65 Load V0 to Vx in memory starting at I\n    XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION,\n}\n\nimpl Chip8CpuInstructions {\n    pub fn encode(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        match self {\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(target) =\u003e {\n                (0x0000 | (target \u0026 0x0FFF)) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS =\u003e {\n                0x00E0\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RET =\u003e {\n                0x00EE\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(new_addr) =\u003e {\n                0x1000 | (new_addr \u0026 0x0FFF) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(address) =\u003e {\n                (0x2000 | (address \u0026 0x0FFF)) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                (0x3000 | (vx_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte) as u16)\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                (0x4000i16 | vx_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x5000u16 | (x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4)\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(x_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                0x6000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(x_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                0x7000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8001u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8002u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8003u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8004u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8005u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8006u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8007u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x800Eu16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x9000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(addr) =\u003e {\n                0xA000u16 | addr\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr) =\u003e {\n                0xB000u16 | addr\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(x_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                0xC000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x_register, y_register, height) =\u003e {\n                0xD000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4 | height\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xE09Eu16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xE0A1u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF007u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF00Au16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF015u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF018u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF01Eu16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF029u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xf033u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xf055u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xf065u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION =\u003e {\n                0xffff\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    pub fn decode(input: u16) -\u003e Chip8CpuInstructions {\n        let x_param = InstructionUtil::read_x_from_instruction(input);\n        let y_param = InstructionUtil::read_y_from_instruction(input);\n        let addr_param = InstructionUtil::read_addr_from_instruction(input);\n        let byte_param = InstructionUtil::read_byte_from_instruction(input);\n        let nibble_param = InstructionUtil::read_nibble_from_instruction(input);\n        let ubln = InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(input);\n        let last_byte = input \u0026 0xFF;\n\n        match input {\n            0x00E0 =\u003e {\n                // 00E0 - CLS\n                // Clear the display.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS\n            }\n            0x00EE =\u003e {\n                // 00EE - RET\n                // Return from a subroutine.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::RET\n            }\n            0x0000..=0x0FFF =\u003e {\n                // 0nnn - SYS addr\n                // Jump to a machine code routine at nnn.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(addr_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x1000..=0x1FFF =\u003e {\n                // 1nnn - JP addr\n                // Jump to location nnn.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(addr_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x2000..=0x2FFF =\u003e {\n                // 2nnn - CALL addr\n                // Call subroutine at nnn.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(addr_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x3000..=0x3FFF =\u003e {\n                // 3xkk - SE Vx, byte\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(x_param as i16, byte_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x4000..=0x4FFF =\u003e {\n                // 4xkk - SNE Vx, byte\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx != kk.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(x_param as i16, byte_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x5000..=0x5FF0 =\u003e {\n                // 5xy0 - SE Vx, Vy\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx = Vy.\n                // if the last nibble isn't 0...\n                if 0xf \u0026 input \u003e 0 {\n                    // ... we have a problem.\n                    Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                } else {\n                    Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                }\n            }\n            0x6000..=0x6FFF =\u003e {\n                // 6xkk - LD Vx, byte\n                // Set Vx = kk.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(x_param, byte_param)\n            }\n            0x7000..=0x7FFF =\u003e {\n                // ADD Vx, Byte\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(x_param, byte_param)\n            }\n            0x8000..=0x8FFE =\u003e {\n                // 0x8000 Series\n                let last_nibble = input \u0026 0xF;\n                match last_nibble {\n                    0x0 =\u003e {\n                        // LD Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x1 =\u003e {\n                        // OR Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x2 =\u003e {\n                        // AND Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x3 =\u003e {\n                        // XOR Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x4 =\u003e {\n                        // ADD Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x5 =\u003e {\n                        // SUB Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x6 =\u003e {\n                        // SHR Vx, {, Vy }\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x7 =\u003e {\n                        // SUBN Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0xE =\u003e {\n                        // SHL Vx, {, Vy}\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    _ =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            0x9000..=0x9FF0 =\u003e {\n                // SNE Vx, Vy\n                if 0xf \u0026 input \u003e 0 {\n                    XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                } else {\n                    Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                }\n            }\n            0xA000..=0xAFFF =\u003e {\n                // LD I, Addr\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(addr_param)\n            }\n            0xB000..=0xBFFF =\u003e {\n                // JP V0, Addr\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr_param)\n            }\n            0xC000..=0xCFFF =\u003e {\n                // RND Vx, byte\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(x_param, byte_param)\n            }\n            0xD000..=0xDFFF =\u003e {\n                // DRAW Vx, Vy, nibble\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x_param, y_param, nibble_param)\n            }\n            0xE09E..=0xEFA1 =\u003e {\n                match last_byte {\n                    0x9E =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0xA1 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    _ =\u003e {\n                        XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            0xF007..=0xFF65 =\u003e {\n                match last_byte {\n                    0x07 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x0A =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x15 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x18 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x1E =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x29 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x33 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x55 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x65 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(ubln)\n                    }\n                    _ =\u003e {\n                        XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            _ =\u003e {\n                XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn execute(\u0026self, mut input: \u0026mut Chip8Computer) -\u003e Chip8Computer {\n        let start_pc = input.registers.peek_pc();\n        input.registers.poke_pc(start_pc + 2);\n        let _ = match self {\n            // 0x0nnn Exit to System Call\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(new_address) =\u003e {\n                debug!(\"SysAddr [0x{new_address:3x}]\");\n\n                input.registers.poke_pc(*new_address as u16);\n            }\n            // * 0x00E0 Clear Screen\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS =\u003e {\n                for i in 0..(64 * 32) {\n                    input.video_memory.poke(i, false);\n                }\n            }\n            // 0x00EE Return from Subroutine\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RET =\u003e {\n                let return_address = input.stack.pop();\n                debug!(\"Returning from subroutine to {return_address:03x}\");\n                input.registers.poke_pc(return_address);\n            }\n            // 0x1nnn Jump to Address\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(new_address) =\u003e {\n                debug!(\"JpAddr [0x{new_address:3x}]\");\n                input.registers.poke_pc(*new_address as u16);\n            }\n            // 0x2nnn Call Subroutine\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(new_address) =\u003e {\n                debug!(\"CALL ADDR 0x{new_address:3x}\");\n                let return_address = input.registers.peek_pc();\n                input.registers.poke_pc(*new_address as u16);\n                input.stack.push(\u0026return_address);\n            }\n            // 0x3xkk Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                if input.registers.peek(*vx_register as u8) == *byte as u8 {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n                debug!(\"SeVxByte [0x{vx_register:1x}] [0x{byte:2x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x4xkk Skip next instruction if Vx != kk\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(x, byte) =\u003e {\n                if input.registers.peek(*x as u8) != *byte as u8 {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n                debug!(\"SneVxByte [0x{x:1x}] [0x{byte:2x}\");\n            }\n            // 0x5xy0 Skip next instruction if Vx == Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                let lhs = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let rhs = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n\n                if lhs == rhs {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n                debug!(\"SeVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x6xkk Set Vx = kk\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(register, byte) =\u003e {\n                let byte_value = *byte as u8;\n                input.registers.poke(*register as u8, byte_value);\n                debug!(\"LdVxByte [0x{register:1x}] [0x{byte:2.0x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x7xkk Set Vx = Vx + kk\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                input.registers.poke(*vx_register as u8, (input.registers.peek(*vx_register as u8) + *byte as u8));\n                debug!(\"AddVxByte [0x{vx_register:1x}] [0x{byte:2x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x8xy0 Set value of Vy in Vx\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*y as u8));\n                debug!(\"LdVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x8xy1 Set Vx = Vx OR Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*x as u8) | input.registers.peek(*y as u8));\n                debug!(\"OrVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]\")\n            }\n            // 0x8xy2 Set Vx = Vx AND Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*x as u8) \u0026 input.registers.peek(*y as u8));\n                debug!(\"AndVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x8xy3 Set Vx = Vx XOR Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*x as u8) ^ input.registers.peek(*y as u8));\n            }\n            // 0x8xy4 Set Vx = Vx + Vy (SET VF on Carry)\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                let lhs = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let rhs = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n                let working = (lhs as i16 + rhs as i16) as i16;\n                if working \u003e 255 {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 0x01);\n                }\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, working as u8);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                // 8xy5 - SUB Vx, Vy\n                // Set Vx = Vx - Vy, set VF = NOT borrow.\n                //\n                // If Vx \u003e Vy, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vy is subtracted from Vx, and the results stored in Vx.\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*x as u8) - input.registers.peek(*y as u8));\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(x, _) =\u003e {\n                // 8xy6 - SHR Vx {, Vy}\n                // Set Vx = Vx SHR 1.\n                //\n                // If the least-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vx is divided by 2.\n                let initial_value = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                if 0xb1 \u0026 initial_value == 1 {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1);\n                }\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, initial_value.shr(1));\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                // 8xy7 - SUBN Vx, Vy\n                // Set Vx = Vy - Vx, set VF = NOT borrow.\n                //\n                // If Vy \u003e Vx, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vx is subtracted from Vy, and the results stored in Vx.\n                let y_register = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n                let x_register = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let new_value = if y_register \u003c= x_register { 1 } else { 0 };\n                let value_to_poke = if y_register \u003c= x_register {\n                    ((y_register as u16 + 256) - x_register as u16) as u8\n                } else {\n                    y_register - x_register\n                };\n                input.registers.poke(0xf, new_value);\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, value_to_poke);\n            }\n\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(x, _) =\u003e {\n                // 8xyE - SHL Vx {, Vy}\n                // Set Vx = Vx SHL 1.\n                //\n                // If the most-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise to 0. Then Vx is multiplied by 2.\n                let initial_value = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                if 0x80 \u0026 initial_value == 0x80 {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1);\n                }\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, initial_value.shl(1));\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(vx_register, vy_register) =\u003e {\n                // 9xy0 - SNE Vx, Vy\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx != Vy.\n                //\n                // The values of Vx and Vy are compared, and if they are not equal, the program counter is increased by 2.\n\n                let x_reg_value = input.registers.peek(*vx_register as u8);\n                let y_reg_value = input.registers.peek(*vy_register as u8);\n                if x_reg_value != y_reg_value {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(new_index) =\u003e {\n                // Annn - LD I, addr\n                // Set I = nnn.\n                //\n                // The value of register I is set to nnn.\n                debug!(\"LdiAddr [0x{new_index:3x}]\");\n                input.registers.poke_i(*new_index);\n            }\n            // 0xBnnn Jump to nnn+V0\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr) =\u003e {\n                // Bnnn - JP V0, addr\n                // Jump to location nnn + V0.\n                //\n                // The program counter is set to nnn plus the value of V0.\n                input.registers.poke_pc(input.registers.peek(0) as u16 + addr);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(x, byte) =\u003e {\n                // Cxkk - RND Vx, byte\n                // Set Vx = random byte AND kk.\n                //\n                // The interpreter generates a random number from 0 to 255,\n                // which is then ANDed with the value kk.\n                // The results are stored in Vx.\n                let new_value: u8 = random();\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, (new_value \u0026 *byte as u8))\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x, y, n) =\u003e {\n                // Display n-byte sprite starting at memory location I at (Vx, Vy), set VF = collision.\n\n                // The interpreter reads n bytes from memory, starting at the address stored in I.\n\n\n                // These bytes are then displayed as sprites on screen at coordinates (Vx, Vy).\n                // Sprites are XORed onto the existing screen.\n                // If this causes any pixels to be erased, VF is set to 1,\n                //     otherwise it is set to 0.\n                // If the sprite is positioned so part of it is outside the coordinates of the display,\n                //     it wraps around to the opposite side of the screen.\n\n                let source_memory_offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n\n                let x_offset = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let y_offset = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n\n                println!(\"X_OFFSET = {x_offset} / y_offset = {y_offset}\");\n                let target_memory_offset = x_offset as u16 * 64 + y_offset as u16;\n\n                println!(\"CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e STARTING AT {source_memory_offset} WRITING TO {target_memory_offset}\");\n                let num_bytes_to_read = *n;\n                println!(\"CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e PREPARING TO READ {num_bytes_to_read} BYTES FROM MEMORY TO VIDEO\");\n                for byte_index in 0..num_bytes_to_read {\n                    let current_byte = input.memory.peek(byte_index + source_memory_offset);\n                    println!(\"CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e READ BYTE [0x{byte_index:2x}]\\t{current_byte:02x}\\t{current_byte:08b}\");\n                    for bit_index in 0..8 {\n                        let data_offset = ((x_offset as u16 + byte_index) * 64 ) + (y_offset + bit_index) as u16;\n                        let current_bit = (current_byte.shr(7 - bit_index) \u0026 0x1u8) == 0x1u8;\n                        input.video_memory.poke(data_offset, current_bit);\n                    }\n                }\n\n                println!(\"PPOOSSTT -\u003e CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e {}\", input.video_memory.format_as_string());\n\n                let mut did_change: bool = false;\n\n                if did_change {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1u8);\n                } else {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 0u8);\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Ex9E - SKP Vx\n                // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is pressed.\n                //\n                // Checks the keyboard, and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the down position, PC is increased by 2.\n                let key_to_check = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let is_pressed = input.keypad.pressed(key_to_check);\n                if is_pressed {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // ExA1 - SKNP Vx\n                // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is not pressed.\n                //\n\n                // Checks the keyboard,\n                // and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the up position,\n                // PC is increased by 2.\n                let target_key = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let is_pressed = input.keypad.pressed(target_key);\n                debug!(\"SnKpVx [{x:1x}]\");\n                if !is_pressed {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx07 - LD Vx, DT\n                // Set Vx = delay timer value.\n                //\n                // The value of DT is placed into Vx.\n                let value_to_set = input.delay_timer.current();\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, value_to_set as u8);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx0A - LD Vx, K\n                // Wait for a key press, store the value of the key in Vx.\n                //\n                // All execution stops until a key is pressed, then the value of that key is stored in Vx.\n                input.state = WaitingForKey;\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(source_register) =\u003e {\n                // Fx15 - LD DT, Vx\n                // Set delay timer = Vx.\n                //\n                // DT is set equal to the value of Vx.\n                let new_time = input.registers.peek(*source_register as u8);\n                input.delay_timer.set_timer(new_time as i32);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(new_time) =\u003e {\n                let new_value = input.registers.peek(*new_time as u8);\n                input.sound_timer.set_timer(new_value as i32);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx1E - ADD I, Vx\n                // Set I = I + Vx.\n                //\n                // The values of I and Vx are added, and the results are stored in I.\n                let base = input.registers.peek_i();\n                let x_value = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                input.registers.poke_i(base + x_value as u16);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx29 - LD F, Vx\n                // Set I = location of sprite for digit Vx.\n                //\n                // The value of I is set to the location for the hexadecimal sprite corresponding\n                // to the value of Vx. See section 2.4, Display, for more information on\n                // the Chip-8 hexadecimal font.\n\n                let to_offset = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) - 1;\n                let real_offset = to_offset as u16 * 5;\n                input.registers.poke_i(real_offset as u16);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx33 - LD B, Vx\n                // Store BCD representation of Vx in memory locations I, I+1, and I+2.\n                //\n                // The interpreter takes the decimal value of Vx, and places the hundreds\n                // digit in memory at location in I, the tens digit at location I+1,\n                // and the ones digit at location I+2.\n\n                let to_convert = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n\n                // how many hundreds\n                let hundreds = to_convert / 100;\n                // how many tens, minus the hundreds\n                let tens = (to_convert / 10) - (hundreds * 10);\n                // whats the leftover when dividing by 10\n                let units = to_convert % 10;\n\n                // Convert to BCD\n                let result = ((hundreds as u16) \u003c\u003c 8) | units as u16;\n                (tens \u003c\u003c 4) | units;\n                // write them to the memory pointed to by I, I+1, and I+2\n                let target_start_offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n                input.memory.poke(target_start_offset, hundreds);\n                input.memory.poke(target_start_offset + 1, tens);\n                input.memory.poke(target_start_offset + 2, units);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Store registers V0 through Vx in memory starting at location I.\n                //\n                // The interpreter copies the values of registers V0 through Vx into memory, starting at the address in I.\n                let offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n                for i in 0..*x {\n                    input.memory.poke(offset + i, input.registers.peek(i as u8));\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(x) =\u003e {\n                // Read registers V0 through Vx from memory starting at location I.\n                //\n                // The interpreter reads values from memory starting at location I into registers V0 through Vx.\n                let offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n                debug!(\"STARTING TO READ AT {offset:03x}\");\n                let num_loops = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                debug!(\"WILL READ {num_loops:x} BYTES\");\n                for index in 0..num_loops {\n                    let src_value = input.memory.peek(index as u16 + offset);\n\n                    input.registers.poke(index, src_value);\n                    debug!(\"POKING {index} with {src_value}\");\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION =\u003e {}\n        };\n        input.clone()\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use dimensioned::typenum::assert_type;\n    use ratatui::crossterm::execute;\n    use crate::chip8::cpu_states::Chip8CpuStates;\n    use crate::chip8::system_memory::{CHIP8FONT_0, CHIP8FONT_1, CHIP8FONT_2, CHIP8FONT_9};\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn encode_decode_test() {\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS.encode(), 0x00E0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::RET.encode(), 0x00EE);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0x123).encode(), 0x0123);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0x234).encode(), 0x1234);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x345).encode(), 0x2345);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(0x4, 0x56).encode(), 0x3456);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0xa, 0xbc).encode(), 0x4abc);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0xa, 0xb).encode(), 0x5ab0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xa, 0xff).encode(), 0x6aff);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(0xa, 0xbc).encode(), 0x7abc);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(0xa, 0xb).encode(), 0x8ab0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(0xb, 0xa).encode(), 0x8ba1);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(0xc, 0xd).encode(), 0x8cd2);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(0xd, 0xe).encode(), 0x8de3);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(0xe, 0xf).encode(), 0x8ef4);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(0xf, 0x0).encode(), 0x8f05);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x0, 0x1).encode(), 0x8016);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2).encode(), 0x8127);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x3, 0x4).encode(), 0x834e);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0xa, 0xb).encode(), 0x9ab0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x123).encode(), 0xa123);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(0x234).encode(), 0xb234);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(0xa, 0xca).encode(), 0xcaca);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(0xa, 0xb, 0x4).encode(), 0xdab4);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).encode(), 0xe19e);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x2).encode(), 0xe2a1);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(0x1).encode(), 0xf107);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(0x4).encode(), 0xf40a);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x6).encode(), 0xf615);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(0xb).encode(), 0xfb18);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(0xd).encode(), 0xfd1e);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0xc).encode(), 0xfc29);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(0xd).encode(), 0xfd33);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(0xe).encode(), 0xfe55);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(0x3).encode(), 0xf365);\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x00E0u16), Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x00EEu16), Chip8CpuInstructions::RET));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x0123), Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0x123)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x0FFF), Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0xfff)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x1002), Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x1FF0), Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0xFF0)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x2002), Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x3123), Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(0x1, 0x23)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x4abc), Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0xa, 0xbc)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x5ab0), Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0xa, 0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x6aff), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xa, 0xff)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x7abc), Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(0xa, 0xbc)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8ab0), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(0xa, 0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8ba1), Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(0xb, 0xa)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8cd2), Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(0xc, 0xd)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8de3), Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(0xd, 0xe)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8ef4), Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(0xe, 0xf)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8f05), Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(0xf, 0x0)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8016), Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x0, 0x1)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8127), Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x834e), Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x3, 0x4)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x9ab0), Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0xa, 0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xa123), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x123)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xb234), Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(0x234)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xcaca), Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(0xa, 0xca)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xdab4), Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(0xa, 0xb, 0x4)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xe19e), Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xe2a1), Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf107), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(0x1)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf40a), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(0x4)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf615), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x6)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfb18), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfd1e), Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(0xd)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfc29), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0xc)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfd33), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(0xd)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfe55), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(0xe)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf365), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(0x3)));\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn decoder_test_invalid_instructions() {\n        let invalid_to_encode = [\n            0x5ab1, 0x5abf, 0x8ab8, 0x8abd, 0x8abf,\n            0x9ab1, 0x9abf, 0xea9d, 0xea9f, 0xeaa0,\n            0xeaa2, 0xf006, 0xf008\n        ];\n\n        for i in invalid_to_encode {\n            assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(i).encode(), 0xffff);\n            assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(i), Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION));\n        }\n    }\n\n    /// START OF THE EXECUTION TESTS\n    #[test]\n    fn sys_test() {\n        // 0x0nnn Exit to System Call\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0xFA0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xFA0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0x0AF).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x0AF);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn jpaddr_test() {\n        // 0x1nnn Jump to Address\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0xABC).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xABC);\n    }\n\n    // ** test moved up so it can be used later\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_byte_test() {\n        // 0x6xkk Set Vx = kk\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x12).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x12);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0x21).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(2), 0x21);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sevxbyte_match_test() {\n        // 0x3xkk Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.\n        // The interpreter compares register Vx to kk,\n        // and if they are equal, increments the program counter by 2.\n\n        // test setup: Load value 0x84 into V1\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x84).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(1, 0x84).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // we should be 6 instructions past.\n        // 2 for the LDVXBYTE\n        // 2 for the SEVXBYTE\n        // 2 for skipping.\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sevxbyte_nomatch_test() {\n        // 0x3xkk Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.\n        // The interpreter compares register Vx to kk,\n        // and if they are equal, increments the program counter by 2.\n\n        // test setup: Load value 0x84 into V1\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0x84).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // PC will be 2 bytes past as we executed an instruction...\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(1, 0x48).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // we should be 2 instructions past.\n        // 2 for what we executed\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(1, 0x84).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn se_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x4xkk Skip next instruction if Vx != kk\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0x84).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x02, 0x84).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n\n        // skip, compare 0x84 to 0x84\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);\n\n        // load 0x48 (not matching) into V2\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x48).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // verify its there.\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(2), 0x48);\n        // no skip, compare 0x84 and 0x48\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(2), 0x48);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x20C);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy0 Set value of Vy in Vx\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0x01).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x02, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x01);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x02);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn or_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy1 Set Vx = Vx OR Vy\n        //   0b0101 0000 (0x50)\n        // | 0b0000 1010 (0x0A)\n        //   0b0101 1010 (0x5A)\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x50).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0x0A).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x5A);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn and_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy2 Set Vx = Vx AND Vy\n        //   0b1111 1100 (0xFC)\n        // \u0026 0b1100 1010 (0xCA)\n        //   0b1100 1000 (0xC8)\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0xFC).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0xCA).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0xC8);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn xor_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy3 Set Vx = Vx XOR Vy\n        //   0b1111 1100 (0xFC)\n        // ^ 0b1100 1010 (0xCA)\n        //   0b0011 0110 (0x36)\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0xFC).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0xCA).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x36);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn add_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy4 Set Vx = Vx + Vy (SET VF on Carry)\n        //    T1             T2: Judgement Test\n        //   0x01           0xFF\n        // + 0x01           0x01\n        //   0x02 F0        0x00 F1\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xf, 0x00).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x01).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0x01).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // T1\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 2);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xf, 0x00).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xff).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x01).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // T2\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 1);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn shr_vx_vy_test() {\n        /*\n        Set Vx = Vx SHR 1.\n\n        If the least-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vx is divided by 2.\n        */\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xf, 0x00).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x08).execute(\u0026mut x);   // 0b0000 1000 (0x08)\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);     // 0b0000 0010 (0x02) (Not Set)\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x04);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);\n\n        x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xf, 0x00).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0b00001001).execute(\u0026mut x);   // 0b0000 1001 (0x09)\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);     // 0b0000 0010 (0x02) (Set)\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x04);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 1);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ldi_addr_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x123).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 0x123);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn jp_v0addr_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        /// jump to I + nnn\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x0, 0xFF).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(0x100).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x1FF);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn cls_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS.execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn skip_next_instruction_ne_text() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xf0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // 202\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0x1, 0x0f).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // 204+2\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0x1, 0xf0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // 208\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);\n    }\n\n\n    #[test]\n    fn addivx_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0xabc).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x0, 0x10).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(0x0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 0xacc);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ldstvt_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0xf0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(0x01).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.sound_timer.current(), 0xf0);\n        x.sound_timer.tick();\n        x.sound_timer.tick();\n        x.sound_timer.tick();\n        assert_eq!(x.sound_timer.current(), 0xed);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn rnd_vx_byte_text() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(0x1, 0x0f).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        let new_value = x.registers.peek(0x1);\n        assert!(new_value \u003c 0x10);\n    }\n    /*\n        #[test]\n        fn skp_vx_test() {\n            let mut x  = Chip8Computer::new();\n            x.keypad.push_key(0x1);\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n            assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);\n            x.keypad.release_key(0x1);\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n            assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x20A);\n        }\n\n     */\n\n    #[test]\n    fn add_vx_byte_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        // set a value in the register\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xab).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // add 0x10 to register\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(0x1, 0x10).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0xbb);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sub_vx_vy_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        // load values in 2 registers\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0x10).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x02, 0x08).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(0x1, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0x8);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sne_vx_vy_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x10).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x10).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x00).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x20C)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_dt_vx_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x10).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.delay_timer.current(), 0x10);\n        for i in 0..0x20 {\n            x.delay_timer.tick();\n        }\n        assert_eq!(x.delay_timer.current(), 0);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_dt_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xf0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        x.delay_timer.tick();\n        x.delay_timer.tick();\n        x.delay_timer.tick();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0xed);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn subn_vx_vy_test() {\n        // This instruction subtracts the value in\n        // register Vx from the value in register Vy and stores the result in register Vx.\n        // The subtraction is performed as follows: Vx = Vy - Vx. If Vy is less than Vx,\n        // the result will wrap around (due to the 8-bit nature of the registers).\n        // The carry flag (VF) is set to 1 if there is no borrow (i.e., Vy is greater\n        // than or equal to Vx), and it is set to 0 if there is a borrow.\n\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xa0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0xab).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // expect the result to be 0x0b\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0x0b);\n        // expect the vf register to be set to 1 as there was overflow\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x0);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xab).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0xa0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // expect the result to be 11110101, -0xB, -11, 245, 0xF5\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0xf5);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x1);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn shl_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 8xyE - SHL Vx {, Vy}\n        // Set Vx = Vx SHL 1.\n        //\n        // If the most-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise to 0. Then Vx is multiplied by 2.\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0b00100000).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x1, 0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0b01000000);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x0);\n\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0b10101010).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x1, 0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0b01010100);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x1);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_f_vx_test() {\n        // Fx29 - LD F, Vx\n        // Set I = location of sprite for digit Vx.\n        //\n        // The value of I is set to the location for the hexadecimal sprite corresponding to the value of Vx. See section 2.4, Display, for more information on the Chip-8 hexadecimal font.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        // target_sprite = 2\n        // target_offset = 0x5\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 0x5);\n\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x6).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 25);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_b_vx_test() {\n        // Fx33 - LD B, Vx\n        // Store BCD representation of Vx in memory locations I, I+1, and I+2.\n        //\n        // The interpreter takes the decimal value of Vx, and places the hundreds digit\n        // in memory at location in I, the tens digit at location I+1,\n        // and the ones digit at location I+2.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n\n        // load the value 123 (0x7b)\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x7b).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // set I to 0x500\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x500).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        ;\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x500), 0x1);\n        assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x501), 0x2);\n        assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x502), 0x3);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_i_vx_test() {\n        // Store registers V0 through Vx in memory starting at location I.\n        //\n        // The interpreter copies the values of registers V0 through Vx into memory,\n        // starting at the address in I.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n\n        // Load Registers.\n        let to_load = [0xab, 0xba, 0xca, 0xca, 0xbe, 0xef];\n        for (idx, val) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            x.registers.poke(idx as u8, *val);\n        }\n        x.registers.poke_i(0x500);\n\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(to_load.len() as u16).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // Verify the values are in memory from 0x500 to 0x507\n        for (idx, value) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x500 + idx as u16), *value);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_i_test() {\n        // Read registers V0 through Vx from memory starting at location I.\n        //\n        // The interpreter reads values from memory starting at location I into registers V0 through Vx.\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n\n        let base_offset = 0x500;\n        let to_load = [0xab, 0xba, 0xca, 0xca, 0xbe, 0xef];\n\n        // start by setting values in memory\n        for (idx, memory) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            let target_address = base_offset + idx;\n            let target_value = *memory;\n            x.memory.poke(target_address as u16, target_value);\n        }\n        // where to load from\n        x.registers.poke_i(0x500);\n        // how much to load\n        x.registers.poke(0x0, to_load.len() as u8);\n\n        // then copying them values memory to registers\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(0x0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // now check that we have the right values in our registers\n        for (idx, value) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(idx as u8), *value);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn Sknkpvx_test() {\n        // ExA1 - SKNP Vx\n        // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is not pressed.\n        //\n        // Checks the keyboard,\n        // and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the up position,\n        // PC is increased by 2.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.keypad.push_key(0x5);\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n\n        x.keypad.release_key(0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn skpvx_test() {\n        // Ex9E - SKP Vx\n        // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is pressed.\n        //\n        // Checks the keyboard, and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the down position, PC is increased by 2.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.keypad.push_key(0x5);\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n\n        x.keypad.release_key(0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn draw_nibble_vx_vy_n_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        let x_register = 0x1;\n        let y_register = 0x2;\n        let x_offset = 1;\n        let y_offset = 2;\n        let char_offset = 0x0A;\n\n        // now lets set the X and Y to 1,2\n        x.registers.poke(x_register, x_offset);\n        x.registers.poke(y_register, y_offset);\n        x.registers.poke_i(char_offset);\n        // we are using 5 rows.\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x_register as u16, y_register as u16, 5).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // now check that video memory has the values at\n        // 1,2-\u003e1,9\n        // 2,2-\u003e2,9\n        // 3,2-\u003e3,9\n        // 4,2-\u003e4,9\n        // 5,2-\u003e5,9\n      //  let byte_to_check = CHIP8FONT_0[0];\n        for row_in_sprite in 0..5 {\n            let row_data = CHIP8FONT_2[row_in_sprite];\n            for bit_in_byte in 0..8 {\n                let data_offset = (x_offset\n                     as u16 + row_in_sprite as u16) * 64 + (bit_in_byte + y_offset) as u16;\n                let real_bit_in_byte = 7-bit_in_byte;\n                let shifted_one = 0x01 \u003c\u003c real_bit_in_byte;\n                let one_shift_set = (shifted_one \u0026 row_data  )\u003e 0;\n                println!(\"ROWDATA = \\t\\t[{row_data:08b}]\\tBIT IN BYTE = \\t[{bit_in_byte}]\\tONE_SHIFT_SET = [{one_shift_set}]\\tSHIFTED ONE = [{shifted_one:08b}]\");\n                println!(\"DATA_OFFSET FOR SOURCE DATA {}x{} is {} / offset by {}x{} and should be {} working with byte {:08b}\",\n                         bit_in_byte, row_in_sprite, data_offset, x_offset, y_offset, one_shift_set, row_data);\n                //          assert_eq!(should_be_set, );\n                assert_eq!(one_shift_set, x.video_memory.peek(data_offset as u16));\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sub_test() {\n        // 2nnn\n        // Call a subroutine at 2nnn\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x124).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x124);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 1);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x564).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x564);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 2);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ret_test() {\n        // Return from a subroutine.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.stack.push(\u00260x132);\n        x.stack.push(\u00260xabc);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::RET.execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xabc);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 1);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::RET.execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x132);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 0);\n    }\n\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ldvxk_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert!(matches!(x.state, WaitingForKey));\n    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}\n\n    #[test]\n    fn keys_check() {\n        let mut k = Keypad::new();\n\n        for i in 0..16 {\n            assert!(!k.key_state(i));\n        }\n\n        // press a key\n        k.push_key(1);\n        k.push_key(2);\n        assert!(k.pressed(1));\n        assert!(k.pressed(2));\n        k.release_key(1);\n        assert!(k.released(1));\n    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log::debug;\n\n/// Registers.  numbered 1-16 publicly.\n/// Privately using zero base array so -1 to shift from pub to priv.\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Chip8Registers {\n    registers: [u8; 16],\n    i_register: u16,\n    pc: u16,\n    sp: u16\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Registers {\n    pub fn advance_pc(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.pc += 2;\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Registers {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Registers {\n            registers: [0x00; 16],\n            i_register: 0x00,\n            pc: 0x200,\n            sp: 0x100\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Registers {\n    pub fn poke_pc(\u0026mut self, new_pc: u16) {\n        self.pc = new_pc\n    }\n    pub fn peek_i(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        self.i_register\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke_i(\u0026mut self, new_value: u16) {\n        self.i_register = new_value;\n    }\n    pub fn peek(\u0026self, register_number: u8) -\u003e u8 {\n        self.registers[(register_number) as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke(\u0026mut self, register_number: u8, value: u8) {\n        self.registers[(register_number) as usize] = value;\n    }\n\n    pub fn peek_pc(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        self.pc\n    }\n\n    pub fn set_pc(\u0026mut self, new_pc: u16) {\n        self.pc = new_pc\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use crate::chip8::registers::Chip8Registers;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n\n    #[test]\n    fn register_rw_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Registers::default();\n        x.poke(0x0, 0xff);\n        x.poke(0x1, 0xab);\n        assert_eq!(x.peek(0x0), 0xff);\n        assert_eq!(x.peek(0x1), 0xab);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn pc_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Registers::default();\n        x.set_pc(0x300);\n        assert_eq!(x.peek_pc(), 0x300);\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":14,"address":[19740576],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":15,"address":[1402637,1402675],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":20,"address":[1402704],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":22,"address":[1402718],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":31,"address":[1402800],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":32,"address":[1402813],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":34,"address":[1402832],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":35,"address":[1402837],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":38,"address":[1402848],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":39,"address":[1402861],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":41,"address":[1402880],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":42,"address":[1402938,1402901],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":45,"address":[1402960],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":46,"address":[1402990,1403030],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":49,"address":[1403056],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":50,"address":[1403061],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":53,"address":[1403072],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":54,"address":[1403085],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":18,"coverable":18},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","sound_timer.rs"],"content":"use std::{thread, time};\nuse beep::beep;\nuse log::trace;\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct SoundTimer {\n    counter: i32\n}\n\nimpl SoundTimer {\n    pub fn current(\u0026self) -\u003e i32 {\n        self.counter\n    }\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        SoundTimer {\n            counter: 0\n        }\n    }\n    pub fn set_timer(\u0026mut self, new_value: i32) {\n        trace!(\"SETTING SOUND TIMER TO {new_value}\");\n        self.counter = new_value\n    }\n\n    pub fn tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        trace!(\"TICKING SOUND FROM {} to {}\", self.counter, self.counter - 1);\n        if self.counter \u003e 0 {\n            self.counter -= 1;\n            /*\n            todo: this breaks tests.  maybe its wrong?\n            if let good_thread = thread::spawn(|| {\n                beep(440).expect(\"Unable to beep\");\n                thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(500));\n            }).join().unwrap().\n             */\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ticks_reduce_time() {\n        let mut st = SoundTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(100);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 97);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn out_of_ticks_works() {\n        let mut st = SoundTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(0);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 0);\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":11,"address":[1379088],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":12,"address":[1379093],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":19,"address":[1379120],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":20,"address":[1379344,1379222,1379144],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":21,"address":[1379180],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":24,"address":[1379488],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":25,"address":[1379586,1379508,1379701,1379839],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":26,"address":[1379544,1380068],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":27,"address":[1380044,1380070],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":9,"coverable":9},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","stack.rs"],"content":"#[derive(Clone)]\npub struct Chip8Stack {\n    items: Vec\u003cu16\u003e\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Stack {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Stack  {\n            items: vec![],\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Stack {\n    pub fn push(\u0026mut self, new_value: \u0026u16) {\n        if self.depth() == 16 {\n            panic!(\"Stack Overflow\");\n        }\n        self.items.push(*new_value );\n    }\n    pub fn pop(\u0026mut self) -\u003e u16 {\n        if self.items.is_empty() {\n            panic!(\"Stack Underflow\");\n        }\n        self.items.pop().unwrap()\n    }\n    pub fn depth(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        self.items.len() as u16\n    }\n\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Stack {\n            items: vec![]\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use rand::random;\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn push_pop_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n\n        // lets see if we can push and pop a bunch\n        x.push(\u00260xabcu16);\n        x.push(\u00260xcdeu16);\n        x.pop();\n        assert_eq!(x.depth(), 1);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    #[should_panic]\n    fn stack_overflow_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n        for i  in 0..17 {\n            x.push(\u0026i);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    #[should_panic]\n    fn stack_underflow_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n        x.pop();\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn lots_of_subs() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n        let stack_contents = [0x123, 0x321, 0xabc, 0xdef,\n                                      0xbad, 0xbef, 0xfed, 0xcab,\n                                      0xbed, 0xcad, 0xfeb, 0xcab,\n                                      0xfff, 0x000, 0x001];\n        for i in stack_contents {\n            x.push(\u0026i);\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(x.depth(), 15);\n\n        // up to 50 random loops\n        let num_loops: u8 = random::\u003cu8\u003e() % 50;\n        for i in 0..num_loops {\n            let start_count = x.depth();\n            let num_pop = random::\u003cu8\u003e() % x.depth() as u8;\n            for current_pop in 0..num_pop {\n                x.pop();\n            }\n\n            let post_pop_count = x.depth();\n            assert_eq!(post_pop_count as u8, start_count as u8 - num_pop);\n            for current_push in 0..num_pop {\n                x.push(\u0026stack_contents[(current_push + post_pop_count as u8) as usize]);\n            }\n            assert_eq!(x.depth(), 15);\n        }\n\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":7,"address":[19701632],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":9,"address":[1386429],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":15,"address":[1386480],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":16,"address":[1386504],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":17,"address":[1386515],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":19,"address":[1386570],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":21,"address":[1386592],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":22,"address":[1386606],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":23,"address":[1386678],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":25,"address":[1386621],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":27,"address":[1386736],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":28,"address":[1386741],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":31,"address":[1386752],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":33,"address":[1386765],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}}],"covered":14,"coverable":14},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","system_memory.rs"],"content":"use glium::RawUniformValue::Vec2;\nuse image::load;\nuse imgui::sys::ImColor;\nuse imgui::{ImColor32, Ui};\nuse log::{debug, trace};\nuse ratatui::{style::Style, widgets::Widget};\n\nuse crate::constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};\n\npub const CHIP8_PROGRAM_LOAD_OFFSET: i32 = 0x200;\npub const CHIP8FONT_0: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_1: [u8; 5] = [0x20, 0x60, 0x20, 0x20, 0x70];\npub const CHIP8FONT_2: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_3: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_4: [u8; 5] = [0x90, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0x10];\npub const CHIP8FONT_5: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_6: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_7: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x40];\npub const CHIP8FONT_8: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_9: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_A: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0x90];\npub const CHIP8FONT_B: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_C: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_D: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_E: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_F: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80];\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Chip8SystemMemory {\n    memory: [u8; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize],\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8SystemMemory {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n\n        let mut x = Chip8SystemMemory {\n            memory: [0x00; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize],\n        };\n\n        x.load_fonts_to_memory();\n        x\n    }\n}\n\nconst cell_width: i32 = 5i32;\nconst cell_height: i32 = 5i32;\n\nimpl Chip8SystemMemory {\n    \n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8SystemMemory {\n            memory: [0x00; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize],\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn peek(self, address: u16) -\u003e u8 {\n        trace!(\"PEEK: {} / {}\", address, self.memory[address as usize].clone());\n        self.memory[address as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke(\u0026mut self, address: u16, value: u8)  {\n        trace!(\"POKE: {} / {} to {}\", address, self.memory[address as usize], value);\n        self.memory[address as usize] = value;\n    }\n\n    pub fn load_program(\u0026mut self, program_to_load: Box\u003cVec\u003cu8\u003e\u003e) {\n        for load_index in 0..program_to_load.len() {\n            self.poke((load_index + 0x200) as u16, program_to_load[load_index]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn load_fonts_to_memory(\u0026mut self) {\n        let all_font_characters = [\n            CHIP8FONT_0,\n            CHIP8FONT_1,\n            CHIP8FONT_2,\n            CHIP8FONT_3,\n            CHIP8FONT_4,\n            CHIP8FONT_5,\n            CHIP8FONT_6,\n            CHIP8FONT_7,\n            CHIP8FONT_8,\n            CHIP8FONT_9,\n            CHIP8FONT_A,\n            CHIP8FONT_B,\n            CHIP8FONT_C,\n            CHIP8FONT_D,\n            CHIP8FONT_E,\n            CHIP8FONT_F,\n        ];\n\n        for (font_index, current_font) in all_font_characters.iter().enumerate() {\n            for font_mem_offset in 0..=4 {\n                let real_offset = font_index * 5 + font_mem_offset;\n                self.poke(real_offset as u16, current_font[font_mem_offset]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn model_smoke() {\n        let m = Chip8SystemMemory::default();\n        for i in 0..5 {\n            assert_eq!(m.peek(i), CHIP8FONT_0[i as usize]);\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(m.peek((CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE - 1) as u16), 0);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn known_data_loaded_correctly() {\n        let to_load = [ 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05 , 0x06 ];\n        let mut x = Chip8SystemMemory::default();\n\n        for (index, value) in [1..10].iter().enumerate() {\n            assert_ne!(x.peek(0), 0x01);\n            x.poke(0, 0x01);\n            assert_eq!(x.peek(0), 0x01);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn verify_load_program() {\n        // first line of 1-chip-logo.ch8\n        let program_to_load = [0x00e0, 0x6101, 0x6008, 0xa250, 0xd01f, 0x6010, 0xa25f, 0xd01f];\n\n        let mut x = Chip8SystemMemory::new();\n\n        \n    }\n}\n","traces":[{"line":34,"address":[19737088],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":37,"address":[1403196],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":40,"address":[1403239],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":41,"address":[1403254],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":50,"address":[1403296],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":52,"address":[1403325],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":56,"address":[1403376],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":57,"address":[1403482,1403760,1403396,1403610],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":58,"address":[1403974,1403427,1403990],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":61,"address":[1404016],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":62,"address":[1404136,1404486,1404264,1404050],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":63,"address":[1404081,1404736,1404756],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":66,"address":[19738720,19739061],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":67,"address":[1404991,1404806,1404873],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[1405009],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":72,"address":[1405152],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":73,"address":[1405172],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":92,"address":[1405513,1405679],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":93,"address":[1405721],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":94,"address":[1405975,1405885],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":95,"address":[1405967,1406011],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}}],"covered":18,"coverable":21},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","util.rs"],"content":"pub struct InstructionUtil {}\n\nimpl InstructionUtil {\n    pub fn byte_to_bools(to_convert: u8) -\u003e [bool; 8] {\n        let mut return_values = [false; 8];\n        for i in 0..8 {\n            let new_value = to_convert \u003e\u003e i \u0026 0x1 == 1;\n            return_values[i as usize] = new_value;\n        }\n        return_values\n    }\n\n    pub fn bools_to_byte(to_convert: [bool; 8]) -\u003e u8 {\n        let mut return_value = 0u8;\n        for i in 0..to_convert.len() {\n            let new_bit = 0x1 \u003c\u003c i;\n            if to_convert[i] {\n                return_value = return_value | new_bit\n            }\n        }\n        return_value\n    }\n\n    pub fn split_bytes(to_split: u16) -\u003e (u8, u8) {\n        let high = to_split.rotate_left(8) as u8;\n        let low = (to_split \u0026 0xff) as u8;\n\n        (high, low)\n    }\n\n    pub fn join_bytes(high: u8, low: u8) -\u003e u16 {\n        let result = (high as u16) \u003c\u003c 8 | low as u16;\n        result\n    }\n\n    // nnn or addr - A 12-bit value, the lowest 12 bits of the instruction\n    pub fn read_addr_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x0FFF\n    }\n\n    // n or nibble - A 4-bit value, the lowest 4 bits of the instruction\n    pub fn read_nibble_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x000F\n    }\n\n    // x - A 4-bit value, the lower 4 bits of the high byte of the instruction\n    pub fn read_x_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x0F00).rotate_right(8)\n    }\n\n    // y - A 4-bit value, the upper 4 bits of the low byte of the instruction\n    pub fn read_y_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x00F0).rotate_right(4)\n    }\n\n    // kk or byte - An 8-bit value, the lowest 8 bits of the instruction\n    pub fn read_byte_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x00FF)\n    }\n\n    pub fn read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (to_read_from \u0026 0x0f00) \u003e\u003e 8\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn split_bytes() {\n        // from 0xABCD we should have AB high, CD low\n        let (low, high) = InstructionUtil::split_bytes(0xabcd);\n        assert_eq!(low, 0xAB);\n        assert_eq!(high, 0xCD);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn join_bytes() {\n        // from 0xAB low and 0xCD high we get 0xABCD\n        let merged = InstructionUtil::join_bytes(0xcd, 0xab);\n        assert_eq!(merged, 0xcdab);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn read_from_instruction() {\n        // from 0xABCD\n        let source = 0xABCD;\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_addr_from_instruction(source), 0xBCD);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_nibble_from_instruction(source), 0xD);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_x_from_instruction(source), 0xB);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_y_from_instruction(source), 0xC);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_byte_from_instruction(source), 0xCD);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ubln() {\n        // from 0xABCD we should see B\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(0xABCD), 0xB);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(0x0123), 0x1);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(0x0000), 0x0);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn byte_to_bool_changes() {\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b00000000), [false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b11111111), [true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b11001100), [false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b11110000), [false, false, false, false, true, true, true, true]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false]), 0b00000000);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true]), 0b11111111);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true]), 0b11001100);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([false, false, false, false, true, true, true, true]), 0b11110000);\n    }\n}\n","traces":[{"line":4,"address":[1324912],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":5,"address":[1324927],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":6,"address":[1325115,1324944,1325014],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":7,"address":[1325083,1325026],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":8,"address":[19747436,19747493,19747476],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":10,"address":[1324994],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":13,"address":[1325152],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":14,"address":[1325171],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":15,"address":[1325239,1325176],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":16,"address":[1325294,1325254],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":17,"address":[1325315,1325362,1325286],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":18,"address":[1325354],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":21,"address":[1325230],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":24,"address":[1325376],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":25,"address":[1325413],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":26,"address":[1325417],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":31,"address":[19747792],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":32,"address":[1325438],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":37,"address":[1325472],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":38,"address":[1325480],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":42,"address":[1325488],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":43,"address":[1325496],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":47,"address":[1325504],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":48,"address":[1325512],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":52,"address":[1325552],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":53,"address":[1325560],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":57,"address":[1325600],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":58,"address":[1325608],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":61,"address":[1325616],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":62,"address":[1325624],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":30,"coverable":30},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","video.rs"],"content":"use log::debug;\nuse ratatui::prelude::*;\nuse ratatui::{layout::Rect, style::Style, widgets::Widget};\nuse crate::chip8::computer::Chip8Computer;\nuse crate::constants::CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY;\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Chip8Video {\n    memory: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY],\n    pub has_frame_changed: bool\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Video {\n    pub fn cls(\u0026mut self)  {\n        for i in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            self.memory[i] = false;\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn start_frame(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.has_frame_changed = false;\n    }\n\n    pub fn new(initial_configuration: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY]) -\u003e Self {\n        Self {\n            memory: initial_configuration,\n            has_frame_changed: false\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn peek(self, address: u16) -\u003e bool {\n        self.memory[address as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke(\u0026mut self, address: u16, new_value: bool) -\u003e Self {\n        let col = address % 64;\n        let row = address / 32;\n        let offset = col * 64 + row;\n        println!(\"OFFSET: {offset} - POKING {new_value} to {address} at {col} x {row}\");\n        let old_value = self.memory[address as usize];\n        if old_value != new_value {\n            println!(\"**VIDEO** TOGGLING {new_value} TO {address} / {col}x{row}\");\n            self.has_frame_changed = true;\n        }\n        self.memory[address as usize] = new_value;\n        self.to_owned()\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke_byte(\u0026mut self, first_address: u16, to_write: u8) -\u003e Self  {\n        for i in (0..8).rev() {\n           let shifted = ((1 \u003c\u003c i) \u0026 to_write) \u003e\u003e i;\n            //\n            let target_address = first_address + (7 - i);\n            let is_set = shifted == 1;\n           self.poke(target_address, is_set);\n        }\n        self.to_owned()\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke_sprite(\u0026mut self, first_address: u16, to_write: Vec\u003cu8\u003e) -\u003e Self {\n        let sprite_length = to_write.len();\n\n        for (index, byte) in to_write.iter().enumerate() {\n            let real_address = index * 64;\n            self.poke_byte(real_address as u16, *byte);\n        }\n        self.to_owned()\n    }\n\n    pub fn format_as_string(self) -\u003e String {\n        let mut output = String::new();\n        for row in 0..32 {\n            let row_offset = row * 64;\n            for column in 0..64 {\n                let data_position = row_offset + column;\n                output += if self.memory[data_position] {\n                    println!(\"DOT AT OFFSET:{row_offset} {row}x{column} {data_position:03x}/{data_position}\");\n                    \"*\"\n                } else {\n                    \" \"\n                };\n            }\n            output += \"\\n\";\n        }\n      //  println!(\"{}\", output);\n        output\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Video {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Self { memory: [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY as usize], has_frame_changed: false }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use std::fs::File;\n    use std::io::Read;\n    use crate::chip8::system_memory::CHIP8FONT_0;\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn default_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n\n        for i in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            assert!(!x.peek(i as u16));\n            // then flip the value and test again.\n            \u0026x.poke(i as u16, true);\n            assert!(x.peek(i as u16));\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn string_test_1() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n        let mut working_string = String::new();\n        for i in 0..32 {\n            working_string += \u0026*(\" \".repeat(64) + \"\\n\");\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(working_string, x.format_as_string());\n\n        let mut working_string = String::new();\n        // set a checkerboard...\n        for cb_row in 0..32 {\n            for cb_col in 0..64 {\n                let data_offset = cb_row * 64 + cb_col;\n                if data_offset % 2 == 0 {\n                    x.poke(data_offset, true);\n                    working_string += \"*\";\n                } else {\n                    x.poke(data_offset, false);\n                    working_string += \" \";\n                }\n            }\n            working_string += \"\\n\";\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(working_string, x.format_as_string());\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn set_initial_memory() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n        // let mut initial_memory = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let mut ws = String::new();\n        // set our checkerboard\n        for cbr in 0..32 {\n            for cbc in 0..64 {\n                let dof = cbr * 64 + cbc;\n                if (dof as i32 % 2) == 0 {\n                    x.poke(dof, true);\n                    ws += \"*\";\n                } else {\n                    ws += \" \";\n                }\n            }\n            ws += \"\\n\";\n        }\n        assert_eq!(x.format_as_string(), ws);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_byte() {\n        let to_poke = 0b11001111;\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n        x.poke_byte(0x05, to_poke);\n        let mut expected = String::new();\n        expected = \"     **  ****                                                   \\n\".to_string();\n        for i in 0..31 {\n            expected += \u0026*(\" \".repeat(64) + \"\\n\");\n        }\n        assert_eq!(x.format_as_string(), expected);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn cls() {\n        let mut initial_memory = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let mut ws = String::new();\n        // set our checkerboard\n        for cbr in 0..32 {\n            for cbc in 0..64 {\n                let dof = cbr * 64 + cbc;\n                if (dof as i32 % 2) == 0 {\n                    initial_memory[dof] = true;\n                }\n                ws += \" \";\n            }\n            ws += \"\\n\";\n        }\n        let mut set_x = Chip8Video::new(initial_memory);\n        set_x.cls();\n        assert_eq!(set_x.format_as_string(), ws);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_byte_test() {\n        let to_poke = 0b10101010;\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        v.poke_byte(0x00, to_poke);\n        assert!(v.peek(0x00));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x02));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x04));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x06));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x01));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x03));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x05));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x07));\n        for i in 0x8..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            assert!(!v.peek(i as u16));\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_multi_line_test() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        let to_poke = [\n            0b00000000,\n            0b11111111,\n            0b10101010,\n            0b01010101\n        ];\n\n        for (byte_in_set, byte_to_poke) in to_poke.iter().enumerate() {\n            let base_offset = byte_in_set * 64;\n           v.poke_byte(base_offset as u16, *byte_to_poke);\n        }\n\n        // row 2 column 1\n        {\n            assert!(v.peek(0x40));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x41));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x42));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x43));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x44));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x45));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x46));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x47));\n\n            // row 3 column 1\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC0));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC1));\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC2));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC3));\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC4));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC5));\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC6));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC7));\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn moved_poke_test() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        let to_poke = [\n            0b00000000,\n            0b11111111,\n            0b10101010,\n            0b01010101\n        ];\n\n        let x_offset = 20;\n        let y_offset = 5;\n\n\n        for (byte_in_set, byte_to_poke) in to_poke.iter().enumerate() {\n            let base_offset = (x_offset + byte_in_set) * 64 + y_offset;\n            v.poke_byte(base_offset as u16, *byte_to_poke);\n        }\n\n        let test_offset = (x_offset * 64 + y_offset) as u16;\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 1));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 2));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 3));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 4));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 5));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 6));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 7));\n\n        let test_offset= test_offset + 0x40;\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 1));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 2));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 3));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 4));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 5));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 6));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 7));\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_sprite_test() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        let to_poke = [\n            0b00000000,\n            0b11111111,\n            0b10101010,\n            0b01010101\n        ];\n\n        v.poke_sprite(0x00, to_poke.into());\n\n        assert!(v.peek(0x40));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x41));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x42));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x43));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x44));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x45));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x46));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x47));\n\n        // row 3 column 1\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC0));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC1));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC2));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC3));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC4));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC5));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC6));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC7));\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn verify_change_registered() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        v.poke(0x01, true);\n        assert!(v.has_frame_changed);\n\n        v.start_frame();\n        assert!(!v.has_frame_changed);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn write_checkboard() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        for i in 0..(CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY / 8) {\n            v.poke_byte((i * 8) as u16, 0b10101010);\n        }\n\n        println!(\"{}\", v.format_as_string());\n        println!(\"fsck is a cool tool\");\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn zero_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n\n        x.poke_byte(0x00, CHIP8FONT_0[0]);\n        x.poke_byte(0x08, CHIP8FONT_0[1]);\n        x.poke_byte(0x10, CHIP8FONT_0[2]);\n        x.poke_byte(0x18, CHIP8FONT_0[3]);\n        x.poke_byte(0x20, CHIP8FONT_0[4]);\n\n        println!(\"SHOULD HAVE 0 AT ORIGIN\");\n        println!(\"{}\", x.format_as_string());\n\n        let mut buf: Vec\u003cu8\u003e = vec![];\n      //  let read_file_size = File::open(\"../resources/test/test_video_zero.asc\").unwrap().read_to_end(\u0026mut buf).unwrap();\n\n       // println!(\"READ {read_file_size} bytes.\");\n       // assert_eq!(String::from_utf8_lossy(\u0026buf), x.format_as_string());\n    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const CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT: i32 = 16;\npub const CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE: i32 = 4096i32;\npub const CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH: i32 = 64i32;\npub const CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT: i32 = 32i32;\npub const CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY: usize = (CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT * CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH) as usize;\npub const CHIP8_ROM_SIZE: usize = 512;\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","lib.rs"],"content":"pub mod chip8 {\n    pub mod video;\n    pub mod sound_timer;\n    pub mod delay_timer;\n    pub mod keypad;\n    pub mod computer;\n    pub mod system_memory;\n    pub mod instructions;\n    pub mod cpu_states;\n    pub mod util;\n    pub mod registers;\n\n    pub mod stack;\n}\n\npub mod constants;","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0}]};
-        var previousData = {"files":[{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","chip8_constants.rs"],"content":"\npub const CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE: u16 = 0x1000;\npub const CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE_USIZE: usize = 0x1000;\n\npub const FONT_0: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_1: [u8; 5] = [0x20, 0x60, 0x20, 0x20, 0x70];\npub const FONT_2: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_3: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_4: [u8; 5] = [0x90, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0x10];\npub const FONT_5: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_6: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_7: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x40];\npub const FONT_8: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_9: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_A: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0x90];\npub const FONT_B: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const FONT_C: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_D: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const FONT_E: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_F: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xf0, 0x80, 0x80];\n\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","chip8_mnemonics.rs"],"content":"use bitmask::bitmask;\n\nuse crate::{chip8_constants::CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, parts::Display::Chip8Display};\n\nenum Chip8StartOffset {\n    STANDARD,\n    ETI600,\n    OTHER,\n}\n\nstruct Chip8Registers {\n    V: [u8; 16],\n    I: u16,\n    DelayTimer: u16,\n    SoundTimer: u16,\n    StackPointer: u8,\n    ProgramCounter: u16,\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Registers {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Registers {\n            DelayTimer: 60,\n            V: [\n                0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n                0x00, 0x00,\n            ],\n            I: 0x00,\n            SoundTimer: 60,\n            StackPointer: 255,\n            ProgramCounter: 0x200,\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nenum Chip8Instruction {\n    SYS(u16),\n    CLS,\n    RET,\n    JMP(u16),\n    CALL(u16),\n    SNEQ(u8, u16),\n    SNNE(u8, u8),\n    SNRE(u8, u8),\n    STOR(u8, u16),\n    ADD(u8, u16),\n    MOV(u8, u8),\n    OR(u8, u8),\n    AND(u8, u8),\n    XOR(u8, u8),\n    ADC(u8, u8),\n    SBC(u8, u8),\n    RSR(u8, u8),\n    LSR(u8, u8),\n    SNE(u8, u8),\n    STO(i16),\n    JMPI(u16),\n    RND(u8, u8),\n    SETD(u8),\n    SETT(u8),\n    BCD(u8),\n}\n\nenum Chip8Keys {\n    KEY0,\n    KEY1,\n    KEY2,\n    KEY3,\n    KEY4,\n    KEY5,\n    KEY6,\n    KEY7,\n    KEY8,\n    KEY9,\n    KEYA,\n    KEYB,\n    KEYC,\n    KEYD,\n    KEYE,\n    KEYF,\n}\n\npub fn display_video_memory(system_memory: [u8; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize]) {\n    // Assumes memory addresses from\n}\n\nconst ZERO: u16 = 0b0000000000000000;\nconst BOTTOM_BYTE: u16 = 0b0000000011111111;\nconst TOP_BYTE: u16 = 0b1111111100000000;\nconst NIBBLE0: u16 = 0b1111000000000000;\nconst NIBBLE1: u16 = 0b0000111100000000;\nconst NIBBLE2: u16 = 0b0000000011110000;\nconst NIBBLE3: u16 = 0b0000000000001111;\nconst NIBBLE0_BALANCE: u16 = 0x0FFF;\nconst PMSK_0000: i16 = 0x0000;\nconst PMSK_00X0: i16 = 0x00F0;\nconst PMSK_0X00: i16 = 0x0F00;\nconst PMSK_0XXX: i16 = 0x0FFF;\n\n// AND against the possible operand to find which one we have\nbitmask! {\n    mask Chip8Instructions: u16 where flags Chip8InstructionFlags {\n        SYS       = 0x00,\n        CLR       = 0b0000000011100000,\n        RTS       = 0b0000000011101110,\n        JUMP      = 0b0001000000000000,\n        CALL      = 0b0010000000000000,\n        SKE       = 0b0011000000000000,\n        SKNE      = 0b0100000000000000,\n        SKRE      = 0b0101000000000000,\n        LOAD      = 0b0110000000000000,\n        ADD       = 0b0111000000000000,\n        MOVE      = 0b1000000000000000,\n        OR        = 0b1000000000000001,\n        AND       = 0b1000000000000010,\n        XOR       = 0b1000000000000011,\n        ADDR      = 0b1000000000000100,\n        SUB       = 0b1000000000000101,\n        SHR       = 0b1000000000000110,\n        SHL       = 0b1000000000001110,\n        SKRNE     = 0b1001000000000000,\n        LOADI     = 0b1010000000000000,\n        JUMPI     = 0b1011000000000000,\n        RAND      = 0b1100000000000000,\n        DRAW      = 0b1101000000000000,\n        SKPR      = 0b1110000000001110,\n        SKUP      = 0b1111000010100001,\n        MOVED     = 0b1111000000000111, \n        KEYD      = 0b1111000000001010,  \n        LOADD     = 0b1111000000010101,  \n        LOADS     = 0b1111000000011000, \n        ADDI      = 0b1111000000011110, \n        LDSPR     = 0b1111000000101001,  \n        BCD       = 0b1111000000110011, \n        STOR      = 0b1111000001010101,  \n        MEMCPY    = 0b1111000001100101   \n    }\n}\n\nenum Chip8Asm {\n    SYS(u16),\n    CLR(),\n    RTS(),\n    JUMP(u16),\n    CALL(u16),\n    SKE(u8, u8),\n    SKNE(u8, u8),\n    SKRE(u8, u8),\n    LOAD(u8, u8),\n    ADD(u8, u8),\n    MOVE(u8, u8),\n    OR(u8, u8),\n    AND(u8, u8),\n    XOR(u8, u8),\n    ADDR(u8, u8),\n    SUB(u8, u8),\n    SHR(u8, u8),\n    SHL(u8, u8),\n    SKRNE(u8, u8),\n    LOADI(u16),\n    JUMPI(u16),\n    RAND(u8, u8),\n    DRAW(u8, u8, u8),\n    SKPR(u8),\n    SKUP(u8),\n    MOVED(u8),\n    KEYD(u8),\n    LOADD(u8),\n    LOADS(u8),\n    ADDI(u8),\n    LDSPR(u8),\n    BCD(u8),\n    STOR(u8),\n    READ(u8),\n}\n\nstruct Chip8Cpu {}\n\nstruct Chip8System {\n    registers: Chip8Registers,\n    system_memory: [u8; 2048]\n}\n\nimpl Chip8System {\n    pub fn tick(mut self) {\n        println!(\" Ticking Chip8System\");\n\n        let next_instruction = self.system_memory[self.registers.ProgramCounter as usize] as u16;\n        println!(\"READ INSTRUCTION {next_instruction}\");\n        self.registers.ProgramCounter += 0x2;\n\n        \u0026self.delay_timer_tick();\n        \u0026self.sound_timer_tick();\n\n        // self.screen.tick();\n    }\n\n    fn delay_timer_tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.registers.DelayTimer = self.registers.DelayTimer - 1;\n\n    }\n\n    fn sound_timer_tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.registers.SoundTimer = self.registers.SoundTimer - 1;\n\n    }\n}\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","lib.rs"],"content":"pub mod chip8_mnemonics;\npub mod chip8_constants;\n\npub mod parts {\n    pub mod CPU;\n    pub mod Display;\n    pub mod Keyboard;\n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","parts","CPU.rs"],"content":"struct Chip8Registers {\n\n}\n\n\nimpl Chip8Registers {\n    pub fn tick(self: \u0026Self) {\n        println!(\"Ticking Registers\");\n    }\n}\n\npub struct Chip8InstructionParameter {\n   pub mask: u16\n}\n\npub struct Chip8Instruction {\n    pub id: String,\n    pub mask: u16,\n    pub pattern: u16,\n    pub arguments: Vec\u003cChip8InstructionParameter\u003e,\n    pub description: Box\u003cstr\u003e\n}\n\npub fn fill_chip8_instructions() -\u003e [Chip8Instruction; 34] {\n    [\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SYS\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x00,\n            pattern: 0x00,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0FFF\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Execute method at address referenced by parameter\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"CLR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x00E0,\n            pattern: 0x00E0,\n            arguments: vec![],\n            description: \"Clear the Screen\".into()\n },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RET\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x00EE,\n            pattern: 0x00EE,\n            arguments: vec![],\n            description: \"Return from Subroutine\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JMP\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x1FFF,\n            pattern: 0x1000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0fff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump to specified location\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SEQ\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x3FFF,\n            pattern: 0x3000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Skip next instruction if Register does equal parameter\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SNE\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x4FFF,\n            pattern: 0x4000,\n            arguments: vec! [\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Skip next instruction if Register doesn't equal parameter\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SREQ\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x5FF0,\n            pattern: 0x5000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"STO\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x6FFF,\n            pattern: 0x6000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Store value into register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"ADD\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x7FFF,\n            pattern: 0x7000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Add value in register 0x0f00 with value 0x00ff\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"CPY\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF0,\n            pattern: 0x8000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Copy value between Register X and Y\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"OR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF1,\n            pattern: 0x8001,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Logical OR of registers placing result in first register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"AND\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF2,\n            pattern: 0x8002,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Logical AND of registers placing result in first register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"XOR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF3,\n            pattern: 0x8003,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Logical XOR of registers placing result in first register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"ADC\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF4,\n            pattern: 0x8004,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Add 2 Registers with carry flag\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SUBC\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF5,\n            pattern: 0x8005,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Subtract 2 Registers with carry flag\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RSR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF6,\n            pattern: 0x8006,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Register Shifted Right\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SUBC\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF7,\n            pattern: 0x8007,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Subtract 2 Regiters with Carry\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RSL\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FFE,\n            pattern: 0x800E,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Register Shifted Left\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SRNE\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x9FF0,\n            pattern: 0x9000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Skip next instruction if registers not equal\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"LDI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xAFFF,\n            pattern: 0xA000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0fff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load Data from Memory Address\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JMPI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xBFFF,\n            pattern: 0xB000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0fff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump to Memory Address\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RNG\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xCFFF,\n            pattern: 0xC000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n          ],\n            description: \"Random number Generator\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SPR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xDFFF,\n            pattern: 0xD000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x000f\n                }\n                \n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JNK\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xEF9E,\n            pattern: 0xE09E,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump over next instruction if Key Pressed\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JKP\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xEFA1,\n            pattern: 0xE0A1,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump over next instruction if Key Not Pressed\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SDT\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF07,\n            pattern: 0xF007,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0F00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"WKP\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF0A,\n            pattern: 0xF00A,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Wait for a Key to be pressed\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"LDT\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF15,\n            pattern: 0xF015,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load Data Timer\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"LST\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF18,\n            pattern: 0xF018,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load Sound Timer\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"ADDI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF1E,\n            pattern: 0xF01E,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Add register with value at I\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SETI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF29,\n            pattern: 0xF029,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction{\n            id: \"BCD\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF33,\n            pattern: 0xF033,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Binary Coded Decimal of register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction{\n            id: \"MSTO\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF55,\n            pattern: 0xF055,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Store value in register X at offset I\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"MLOAD\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF65,\n            pattern: 0xF065,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load value into register X at offset I\".into()\n        }\n    ]\n}\n\n\nstruct Chip8System {\n\n}\n\nimpl Chip8System {\n    \n}\n\ntrait CpuInstruction {\n    fn execute(input: Chip8System) -\u003e Chip8System;\n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","parts","Display.rs"],"content":"\npub struct Chip8Display {\n    // 64w x 32h\n    pub memory: [bool; 512],\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Display {\n    pub fn tick(self: \u0026Self) {\n        println!(\"Ticking the display\");\n    }\n\n    pub fn render_chip8_display(to_render: Chip8Display) {\n        // 32 rows...\n        for index_row in 0..=32 {\n            // ...64 columns\n            for index_col in 0..=64 {\n                let offset = (index_row * 64) + index_col;\n                if to_render.memory[offset] {\n                    print!(\"*\")\n                } else {\n                    print!(\" \")\n                };\n            }\n            println!();\n        }\n    }\n}\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","parts","Keyboard.rs"],"content":"\n#[derive(Clone)]\nstruct Chip8Keyboard {\n    keys_state: [bool; 16]\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Keyboard {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Self { keys_state: [ \n            false, false, false, false,\n            false, false, false, false,\n            false, false, false, false,\n            false, false, false, false\n        ] }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Keyboard {\n\n    fn display_keyboard_key(self: Self, key_id: u8) {\n        let filler = if self.is_pressed(key_id) { \"*\" } else { \" \" };\n        print!(\"{}{}{}\", filler, key_id, filler)\n    }\n\n    fn display_keyboard_horizontal_line(self: Self, row_values: [u8; 4]) {\n        print!(\"|\");\n        for current in row_values {\n            self.clone().display_keyboard_key(current);\n            print!(\"|\");\n        }\n        println!();\n    } \n\n    fn display_keyboard_seperator_line(self: Self) {\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n\n    }\n\n    pub fn display_keyboard(self: Self) {\n        self.clone().display_keyboard_seperator_line();\n        self.clone().display_keyboard_horizontal_line(\n            [1,2,3,0xC]\n        );\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n        println!(\"| 4 | 5 | 6 | D |\");\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n        println!(\"| 7 | 8 | 9 | E |\");\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n        println!(\"| A | 0 | B | F |\");\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n    }\n    \n    pub fn press_key(self: \u0026mut Self, key_id: u8) {\n        self.keys_state[key_id as usize] = true;\n    }\n\n    pub fn release_key(self: \u0026mut Self, key_id: u8) {\n        self.keys_state[key_id as usize] = false;\n    }\n\n    pub fn is_pressed(self: Self, key_id: u8) -\u003e bool {\n        self.keys_state[key_id as usize]\n    }\n}\n\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n    use super::*;\n    \n    #[test]\n    fn smoke_test() {\n        assert_eq!(true, true);\n    }\n    \n    #[test]\n    fn basic_keyboard_display_works() {\n        let basic_keyboard = Chip8Keyboard::default();\n\n        \n    }\n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","app.rs"],"content":"/*\n\n#[derive(Default)]\npub struct App;\n\nimpl UiBuilder for App {\n    fn do_ui(\u0026mut self, ui: \u0026Ui\u003cSelf\u003e) {\n        #[cfg(feature = \"docking\")]\n        {\n            ui.dock_space_over_viewport(0, imgui::DockNodeFlags::None);\n        }\n        ui.show_demo_window(None);\n\n    }\n}*/","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","gui","display.rs"],"content":"use winit::{application::ApplicationHandler, event_loop::ActiveEventLoop, window::{Window, WindowAttributes}};\n\n/*\npub struct Chip8Display {\n    pub window: MainWindowWithRenderer,\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Display {\n    pub fn new(event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) -\u003e Chip8Display {\n        Chip8Display { window: MainWindowWithRenderer::new(\n            MainWindow::new::\u003c()\u003e(\u0026event_loop, Window::default_attributes().with_title(\"Chip8 Display\")).unwrap())\n         }\n    }\n\n    pub fn render\u003cM\u003e(ui: \u0026Ui\u003cM\u003e) {\n        \n    }\n}\n\nimpl UiBuilder for Chip8AppHandler {\n    fn do_ui(\u0026mut self, ui: \u0026Ui\u003cSelf\u003e) {\n\n        ui.text(\"This is where the Chip8 UI Goes\");\n        ui.text(\"Controls for Start/Stop/Load/Run Maybe?\");\n\n\n    }\n}\n\n#[derive(Default)]\npub struct Chip8AppHandler {\n    pub windows: Vec\u003cMainWindowWithRenderer\u003e,\n  //   pub display: Chip8Display\n}\n\nimpl ApplicationHandler for Chip8AppHandler {\n    fn suspended(\u0026mut self, _event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) {\n        self.windows.clear();\n    }\n\n    fn resumed(\u0026mut self, event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) {\n        self.windows.push(Chip8Display::new(event_loop).window);\n    }\n\n    fn window_event(\n        \u0026mut self,\n        event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop,\n        window_id: winit::window::WindowId,\n        event: winit::event::WindowEvent,\n    ) {\n        for window in \u0026mut self.windows {\n            if window.main_window().window().id() != window_id {\n                continue;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    fn new_events(\u0026mut self, _event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop, _cause: winit::event::StartCause) {\n        for window in \u0026mut self.windows {\n            window.new_events();\n        }\n    }\n    fn about_to_wait(\u0026mut self, _event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) {\n        for window in \u0026mut self.windows {\n            window.about_to_wait();\n        }\n    }\n\n}\n*/","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","lib.rs"],"content":"pub mod app;\n\npub mod gui {\n    pub mod display;\n}\n\npub mod support;","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","main.rs"],"content":"use trevors_chip8_core::parts::CPU::fill_chip8_instructions;\nuse trevors_chip8_toy::support;\nuse winit::{event::WindowEvent, event_loop::EventLoop};\n\nuse imgui::*;\n/*\npub fn display_instruction_table(current_index: u32, ui: \u0026Ui\u003cApp\u003e) -\u003e u32 {\n        let to_display = fill_chip8_instructions();\n    let mut return_index = current_index;\n    let current_instruction = to_display.get(return_index as usize).unwrap();\n    ui.text(\"Instructions\");\n    ui.set_next_item_width(100f32);\n    ui.with_group(|| {\n        ui.text(format!(\"{}\", current_instruction.description).as_str());\n        if current_instruction.arguments.is_empty() {\n            ui.text(\"No Parameters\");\n        } else {\n            for current_parameter in current_instruction.arguments {\n                ui.text(format!(\"{}\", current_parameter.mask).as_str());\n            }\n        }\n        ui.text(format!(\"{:#}\", current_instruction.arguments).as_str());\n        ui.text(\"This is where cool stuff happens part 2\");\n    });\n    ui.same_line();\n    ui.with_group(|| {\n        for (index, current) in to_display.iter().enumerate() {\n            if ui\n                .selectable_config(current.id.clone())\n                .selected(index == return_index as usize)\n                .build()\n            {\n                return_index = index as u32;\n            }\n        }\n    });\n    return_index\n}\n*/\n\nfn chip8_instructions(initial_index: u32, ui: \u0026mut Ui) -\u003e u32 {\n    let to_display = fill_chip8_instructions();\n    let mut return_index = initial_index;\n    let instruction_to_display = to_display.get(return_index as usize).unwrap();\n    let instruction_window = ui\n        .window(\"Instructions\")\n        .size([400.0, 400.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n        .build(|| {\n            ui.text(\"This should be my current instruction example\");\n            ui.same_line();\n            ui.set_next_item_width(-1.0f32);\n            for (index, instruction) in to_display.iter().enumerate() {\n                if ui\n                    .selectable_config(instruction.id.to_string())\n                    .selected(index as u32 == return_index)\n                    .build()\n                {\n                    return_index = index as u32;\n                    println!(\"RETURN INDEX {return_index}\");\n                }\n            }\n        });\n    return_index\n}\n\nfn main() {\n    let mut value = 0;\n    let choices = [\"test test this is 1\", \"test test this is 2\"];\n\n    let mut selected_instruction = 0;\n\n    support::simple_init(file!(), move |_, ui| {\n        selected_instruction = chip8_instructions(selected_instruction, ui);\n\n        ui.window(\"Hello world\")\n            .size([300.0, 110.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                ui.text_wrapped(\"Hello world!\");\n                if ui.button(choices[value]) {\n                    value += 1;\n                    value %= 2;\n                }\n\n                ui.button(\"This...is...imgui-rs!\");\n                ui.separator();\n                let mouse_pos = ui.io().mouse_pos;\n                ui.text(format!(\n                    \"Mouse Position: ({:.1},{:.1})\",\n                    mouse_pos[0], mouse_pos[1]\n                ));\n            });\n    });\n}\n/*\nfn main() {\n    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();\n\n    let mut main = AppHandler::\u003cApp\u003e::default();\n    main.attributes().title = String::from(\"Example-420\");\n\n    event_loop.run_app(\u0026mut main).unwrap();\n}\n\n#[derive(Default)]\npub struct App {\n    pub selected_instruction_index: u32,\n}\n\nimpl App {}\n\nimpl Application for App {\n    type UserEvent = ();\n    type Data = ();\n    fn new(_: Args\u003c()\u003e) -\u003e App {\n        App {\n            selected_instruction_index: 0,\n        }\n    }\n    fn window_event(\u0026mut self, args: Args\u003c()\u003e, _event: WindowEvent, res: EventResult) {\n        if res.window_closed {\n            args.event_loop.exit();\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl imgui::UiBuilder for App {\n    fn do_ui(\u0026mut self, ui: \u0026imgui::Ui\u003cSelf\u003e) {\n        #[cfg(feature = \"docking\")]\n        {\n            ui.dock_space_over_viewport(0, imgui::DockNodeFlags::None);\n        }\n\n        let x = ui.collapsing_header_config(\"collapsing header\");\n\n        ui.with_group(|| {\n            self.selected_instruction_index =\n                display_instruction_table(self.selected_instruction_index, ui);\n        });\n\n        ui.show_demo_window(None);\n    }\n}\n*/\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","support","clipboard.rs"],"content":"use copypasta::{ClipboardContext, ClipboardProvider};\nuse imgui::ClipboardBackend;\n\npub struct ClipboardSupport(pub ClipboardContext);\n\npub fn init() -\u003e Option\u003cClipboardSupport\u003e {\n    ClipboardContext::new().ok().map(ClipboardSupport)\n}\n\nimpl ClipboardBackend for ClipboardSupport {\n    fn get(\u0026mut self) -\u003e Option\u003cString\u003e {\n        self.0.get_contents().ok()\n    }\n    fn set(\u0026mut self, text: \u0026str) {\n        // ignore errors?\n        let _ = self.0.set_contents(text.to_owned());\n    }\n}\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","support","mod.rs"],"content":"use glium::glutin::surface::WindowSurface;\nuse glium::{Display, Surface};\nuse imgui::{Context, FontConfig, FontGlyphRanges, FontSource, Ui};\nuse imgui_glium_renderer::Renderer;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::dpi::LogicalSize;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::event::{Event, WindowEvent};\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::event_loop::EventLoop;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::window::WindowBuilder;\nuse imgui_winit_support::{HiDpiMode, WinitPlatform};\nuse std::path::Path;\nuse std::time::Instant;\n\nmod clipboard;\n\npub const FONT_SIZE: f32 = 13.0;\n\n#[allow(dead_code)] // annoyingly, RA yells that this is unusued\npub fn simple_init\u003cF: FnMut(\u0026mut bool, \u0026mut Ui) + 'static\u003e(title: \u0026str, run_ui: F) {\n    init_with_startup(title, |_, _, _| {}, run_ui);\n}\n\npub fn init_with_startup\u003cFInit, FUi\u003e(title: \u0026str, mut startup: FInit, mut run_ui: FUi)\nwhere\n    FInit: FnMut(\u0026mut Context, \u0026mut Renderer, \u0026Display\u003cWindowSurface\u003e) + 'static,\n    FUi: FnMut(\u0026mut bool, \u0026mut Ui) + 'static,\n{\n    let mut imgui = create_context();\n\n    let title = match Path::new(\u0026title).file_name() {\n        Some(file_name) =\u003e file_name.to_str().unwrap(),\n        None =\u003e title,\n    };\n    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().expect(\"Failed to create EventLoop\");\n\n    let builder = WindowBuilder::new()\n        .with_title(title)\n        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(1024, 768));\n    let (window, display) = glium::backend::glutin::SimpleWindowBuilder::new()\n        .set_window_builder(builder)\n        .build(\u0026event_loop);\n    let mut renderer = Renderer::init(\u0026mut imgui, \u0026display).expect(\"Failed to initialize renderer\");\n\n    if let Some(backend) = clipboard::init() {\n        imgui.set_clipboard_backend(backend);\n    } else {\n        eprintln!(\"Failed to initialize clipboard\");\n    }\n\n    let mut platform = WinitPlatform::init(\u0026mut imgui);\n    {\n        let dpi_mode = if let Ok(factor) = std::env::var(\"IMGUI_EXAMPLE_FORCE_DPI_FACTOR\") {\n            // Allow forcing of HiDPI factor for debugging purposes\n            match factor.parse::\u003cf64\u003e() {\n                Ok(f) =\u003e HiDpiMode::Locked(f),\n                Err(e) =\u003e panic!(\"Invalid scaling factor: {}\", e),\n            }\n        } else {\n            HiDpiMode::Default\n        };\n\n        platform.attach_window(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, dpi_mode);\n    }\n\n    let mut last_frame = Instant::now();\n\n    startup(\u0026mut imgui, \u0026mut renderer, \u0026display);\n\n    event_loop\n        .run(move |event, window_target| match event {\n            Event::NewEvents(_) =\u003e {\n                let now = Instant::now();\n                imgui.io_mut().update_delta_time(now - last_frame);\n                last_frame = now;\n            }\n            Event::AboutToWait =\u003e {\n                platform\n                    .prepare_frame(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window)\n                    .expect(\"Failed to prepare frame\");\n                window.request_redraw();\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,\n                ..\n            } =\u003e {\n                let ui = imgui.frame();\n\n                let mut run = true;\n                run_ui(\u0026mut run, ui);\n                if !run {\n                    window_target.exit();\n                }\n\n                let mut target = display.draw();\n                target.clear_color_srgb(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);\n                platform.prepare_render(ui, \u0026window);\n                let draw_data = imgui.render();\n                renderer\n                    .render(\u0026mut target, draw_data)\n                    .expect(\"Rendering failed\");\n                target.finish().expect(\"Failed to swap buffers\");\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::Resized(new_size),\n                ..\n            } =\u003e {\n                if new_size.width \u003e 0 \u0026\u0026 new_size.height \u003e 0 {\n                    display.resize((new_size.width, new_size.height));\n                }\n                platform.handle_event(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, \u0026event);\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,\n                ..\n            } =\u003e window_target.exit(),\n            event =\u003e {\n                platform.handle_event(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, \u0026event);\n            }\n        })\n        .expect(\"EventLoop error\");\n}\n\n/// Creates the imgui context\npub fn create_context() -\u003e imgui::Context {\n    let mut imgui = Context::create();\n    // Fixed font size. Note imgui_winit_support uses \"logical\n    // pixels\", which are physical pixels scaled by the devices\n    // scaling factor. Meaning, 13.0 pixels should look the same size\n    // on two different screens, and thus we do not need to scale this\n    // value (as the scaling is handled by winit)\n    imgui.fonts().add_font(\u0026[\n        FontSource::TtfData {\n            data: include_bytes!(\"../../../resources/Roboto-Regular.ttf\"),\n            size_pixels: FONT_SIZE,\n            config: Some(FontConfig {\n                // As imgui-glium-renderer isn't gamma-correct with\n                // it's font rendering, we apply an arbitrary\n                // multiplier to make the font a bit \"heavier\". With\n                // default imgui-glow-renderer this is unnecessary.\n                rasterizer_multiply: 1.5,\n                // Oversampling font helps improve text rendering at\n                // expense of larger font atlas texture.\n                oversample_h: 4,\n                oversample_v: 4,\n                ..FontConfig::default()\n            }),\n        },\n        FontSource::TtfData {\n            data: include_bytes!(\"../../../resources/mplus-1p-regular.ttf\"),\n            size_pixels: FONT_SIZE,\n            config: Some(FontConfig {\n                // Oversampling font helps improve text rendering at\n                // expense of larger font atlas texture.\n                oversample_h: 4,\n                oversample_v: 4,\n                // Range of glyphs to rasterize\n                glyph_ranges: FontGlyphRanges::japanese(),\n                ..FontConfig::default()\n            }),\n        },\n    ]);\n    imgui.set_ini_filename(None);\n\n    imgui\n}\n","traces":[{"line":18,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":19,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":27,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":29,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":30,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":31,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":33,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":35,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":36,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":37,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":38,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":39,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":40,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":41,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":43,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":44,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":46,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":49,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":51,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":53,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":54,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":55,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":58,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":61,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":64,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":66,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":69,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":70,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":71,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":72,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":73,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":75,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":76,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":77,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":78,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":79,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":81,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":82,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":83,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":84,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":85,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":87,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":88,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":89,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":90,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":93,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":94,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":95,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":96,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":97,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":98,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":99,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":100,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":102,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":103,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":104,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":105,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":106,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":107,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":109,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":111,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":112,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":113,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":114,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":115,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":116,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":0,"coverable":67},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","emma.rs"],"content":"use std::io::{stdout, Result};\n/*\nuse emmaemu::{chip8::{computer::Chip8Computer, video::Chip8Video}, constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT, CHIP8_ROM_SIZE, CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY}};\nuse ratatui::{\n    backend::CrosstermBackend,\n    crossterm::{\n        event::{self, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},\n        terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},\n        ExecutableCommand,\n    },\n    layout::{Alignment, Rect},\n    style::{Style, Stylize},\n    widgets::{List, Paragraph, Widget},\n    Frame, Terminal,\n};\n\n\nfn system_memory_to_text_render(data_to_dump: [u8; 2048]) -\u003e String {\n    let mut to_return = String::new();\n\n    for i in 0..256 {\n        to_return += \u0026format!(\"{:x}\\t\", data_to_dump[i as usize]).to_string();\n\n        if ((i + 1) % CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT) == 0 {\n            to_return += \"\\n\";\n        }\n    }\n\n    to_return\n}\n\nfn dump_memory_to_console(data_to_dump: [u8; 2048]) {\n    println!(\"STARTING TO DUMP MEMORY TO CONSOLE\");\n    println!(\"{}\", system_memory_to_text_render(data_to_dump));\n    println!(\"DONE DUMPING!\");\n    panic!(\"DONE DUMPING\");\n}\n\nstruct ControlKeyboard {\n\n}\n\nimpl Widget for ControlKeyboard {\n    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: \u0026mut ratatui::prelude::Buffer)\n    where\n        Self: Sized {\n            let style = Style::new();\n            buf.set_string(0, 0, \"F1 to cycle foreground - F2 to cycle background\", style)\n    }\n}\n\n\n#[derive(Clone)]\nstruct AppState {\n    pub menu_items: Vec\u003cString\u003e,\n    pub selected_menu_item: i32,\n    pub system: Chip8Computer,\n}\n\nimpl Default for AppState {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        println!(\"Creating new AppState\");\n        Self {\n            menu_items: vec![\n                \"Step CPU \u003cF5\u003e\".into(),\n                \"Reset CPU \u003cF12\u003e\".into(),\n                \"Item 3\".into(),\n            ],\n            selected_menu_item: 0,\n            system: Chip8Computer {\n                ..Default::default()\n            },\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nfn main() -\u003e Result\u003c()\u003e {\n     stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;\n      enable_raw_mode()?;\n      let mut terminal = Terminal::new(CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()))?;\n     terminal.clear()?;\n\n    let app = AppState::default();\n\n    loop {\n        // Draw Ui...\n        terminal.draw(|frame| {\n            frame.render_widget(app.system.memory, frame.area());\n          //  frame.render_widget(app.control_keyboard, area);\n            //render_cpu_state(app.system.clone(), frame);\n           // render_video_state(app.system.video_memory, frame);\n           // render_menu_list(app.clone(), frame);\n        })?;\n        // ...handle Events.\n        if event::poll(std::time::Duration::from_millis(16))? {\n            if let event::Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {\n                match key.kind {\n                    KeyEventKind::Press =\u003e match key.code {\n                        KeyCode::F(5) =\u003e {\n                            println!(\"Execute Next Instruction\");\n                        }\n                        KeyCode::F(12) =\u003e {\n                            println!(\"Resetting CPU\");\n                        }\n                        KeyCode::Char('q') =\u003e { break; }\n                        _ =\u003e (),\n                    },\n                    _ =\u003e (),\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    //  stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;\n    // disable_raw_mode()?;\n    Ok(())\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use emmaemu::constants::{CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};\n\n    use crate::*;\n    #[test]\n    fn blank_screen_renders_to_text() {\n        let test_video = Chip8Video::default();\n\n\n        let blank_data: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY] = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let blank_screen = (\" \".repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH.try_into().unwrap()) + \"\\n\")\n            .repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT.try_into().unwrap());\n       \n            assert_eq!(Chip8Video::new(blank_data).format_as_string(), blank_screen);\n        }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn filled_screen_renders_to_text() {\n        let filled_data: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY] = [true; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let filled_screen = (\"*\".repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH.try_into().unwrap()) + \"\\n\")\n            .repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT.try_into().unwrap());\n        assert_eq!(Chip8Video::new(filled_data).format_as_string(), filled_screen);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn grid_pattern_renders_to_text() {\n        let mut grid_data: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY] = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let mut expected_data = String::new();\n        for i in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            grid_data[i] = (i % 2 == 0);\n            if i % 2 == 0 {\n                grid_data[i] = true;\n                expected_data += \"*\";\n            } else {\n                grid_data[i] = false;\n                expected_data += \" \";\n            }\n            if (i as i32 % CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH as i32 == CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH - 1) {\n                expected_data += \"\\n\";\n            }\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(Chip8Video::new(grid_data).format_as_string(), expected_data);\n    }\n}\n*/\nfn main() {\n    println!(\"Taxation is theft\");\n}","traces":[{"line":166,"address":[119248],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":167,"address":[119252],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":0,"coverable":2},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","emmagui.rs"],"content":"use emmaemu::{\n    chip8::computer::Chip8Computer,\n    constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH},\n};\nuse imgui::*;\nuse ratatui::symbols::half_block;\nuse sys::{ImColor, ImVec2, ImVector_ImU32};\nuse rand::random;\nuse emmaemu::chip8::system_memory::Chip8SystemMemory;\nuse support::emmagui_support::EmmaGui;\nmod support;\n\n\nfn hello_world_window(ui: \u0026Ui) {\n\n    let mut value = 1;\n    let choices = [\"test test this is 1\", \"test test this is 2\"];\n    ui.window(\"EmmaGui\")\n        .size([300.0, 110.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n        .build(|| {\n            ui.text_wrapped(\"Hello world!\");\n            ui.text_wrapped(\"こんにちは世界！\");\n            if ui.button(choices[value]) {\n                value += 1;\n                value %= 2;\n            }\n\n            ui.button(\"This...is...imgui-rs!\");\n            ui.separator();\n            let mouse_pos = ui.io().mouse_pos;\n            ui.text(format!(\n                \"Mouse Position: ({:.1},{:.1})\",\n                mouse_pos[0], mouse_pos[1]\n            ));\n        });\n}\n\nstruct UiState {\n    pub show_registers: bool,\n    pub show_memory: bool,\n    pub show_video: bool\n}\n\nimpl Default for UiState {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        UiState {\n            show_registers: true,\n            show_memory: true,\n            show_video: true\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n\nfn main() {\n    pretty_env_logger::init();\n    let mut system = Chip8Computer::default();\n    let mut ui_state = UiState::default();\n    support::simple_init(file!(), move |_, ui| {\n\n   //     hello_world_window(ui);\n\n        EmmaGui::system_controls(\u0026mut system, ui);\n\n        EmmaGui::registers_view(\u0026system, ui);\n        let active_instruction = system.registers.peek_pc();\n        EmmaGui::hex_memory_display(system.memory.clone(), (0x100, 0x10), active_instruction as i16, ui);\n        EmmaGui::video_display(\u0026system, ui);\n\n      //  EmmaGui::system_memory_render(system.memory, ui);\n\n      //  system.memory.gui_render(ui);\n\n    });\n}\n","traces":[{"line":14,"address":[4552000],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":16,"address":[4552022],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":17,"address":[4552031],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":18,"address":[4552228,4552073,4552140],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":19,"address":[4552098],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":20,"address":[4552194],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":21,"address":[4809788],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":22,"address":[4809813],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":23,"address":[4810969,4809838],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":24,"address":[4810974,4810911],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":25,"address":[4810951],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":28,"address":[4809940],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":29,"address":[4809965],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":30,"address":[4809979],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":31,"address":[4810008,4810202,4810888,4810107],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":55,"address":[4552593,4552288,4552564],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":56,"address":[4552340],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":57,"address":[4552357],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":58,"address":[4552435,4552379],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":59,"address":[4552486],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":63,"address":[4811058],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":65,"address":[4811073],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":66,"address":[4811083],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":67,"address":[4811114],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[4811171],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":0,"coverable":25},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","font","text_rendering.rs"],"content":"use ratatui::{style::Stylize, widgets::{List, Paragraph}, Frame};\n\nuse crate::{AppState, Chip8Computer, CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT, CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY};\n\n\npub fn render_cpu_state(cpu_state: Chip8Computer, frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    let mut area = frame.area();\n\n    let mut current_state: Vec\u003cString\u003e = vec![];\n\n    current_state.push(format!(\"Delay Timer {:X}\", cpu_state.delay_timer));\n    current_state.push(format!(\"Sound Timer {:X}\", cpu_state.sound_timer));\n    current_state.push(format!(\"PC {:X}\", cpu_state.pc));\n    for i in 0 .. CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT {\n        current_state.push(format!(\"V{}: {}\", i, cpu_state.registers[i as usize]));\n    }\n\n    frame.render_widget(\n        List::new(current_state).blue().on_white(), area)\n}\n\npub fn render_menu_list(state: AppState, frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    let mut area = frame.area();\n\n    frame.render_widget(List::new(state.menu_items).blue().on_white(), area);\n}\n\npub fn render_hello_world(frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    let area = frame.area();\n    frame.render_widget(\n        Paragraph::new(\"Hello Ratatui! (press 'q' to quit)\")\n            .white()\n            .on_blue(),\n        area,\n    );\n}\n\npub fn render_video_state(video_memory: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY], frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    \n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","support","clipboard.rs"],"content":"","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","support","emmagui_support.rs"],"content":"use std::fs::File;\nuse std::io::Read;\nuse std::path::Path;\nuse std::thread::sleep;\nuse std::time::Duration;\nuse imgui::{Condition, ImColor32, Ui};\nuse emmaemu::chip8::computer::Chip8Computer;\nuse emmaemu::chip8::system_memory::Chip8SystemMemory;\nuse emmaemu::constants::{CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};\n\n\npub struct EmmaGui {}\n\nconst CELL_WIDTH: i32 = 5i32;\nconst CELL_HEIGHT: i32 = 5i32;\n\nimpl EmmaGui {\n    pub fn video_display(system_to_control: \u0026Chip8Computer, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        // draw area size\n        let draw_area_size = ui.window_size();\n        let cell_width = draw_area_size[0] as i32 / 64;\n        let cell_height = draw_area_size[1] as i32 / 32;\n\n        ui.window(format!(\"Display {cell_width}x{cell_height}\"))\n            .size([300.0, 300.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                let origin = ui.cursor_screen_pos();\n                let fg = ui.get_window_draw_list();\n                ui.text(\"This is the video display.\");\n                for current_row in 0..31 {\n                    for current_column in 0..63 {\n                        let x_offset = origin[0] as i32 +  (current_column * cell_width);\n                        let y_offset = origin[1] as i32 + (current_row * cell_height);\n                        let current_origin = [x_offset as f32, y_offset as f32];\n                        let current_limit = [(x_offset + cell_width) as f32, (y_offset + cell_height) as f32];\n                        let memory_offset = (current_row * 64 + current_column) as u16;\n                        let to_render = system_to_control.video_memory.peek(memory_offset);\n                        let color: ImColor32 = if to_render {\n                            ImColor32::from_rgb(0xff, 0x00, 0x00)\n                        } else {\n                            ImColor32::from_rgb(0x00, 0x00, 0xff)\n                        };\n                        fg.add_rect_filled_multicolor(current_origin, current_limit, color, color, color, color);\n                    }\n                }\n            });\n    }\n    pub fn system_controls(system_to_control: \u0026mut Chip8Computer, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        ui.window(\"!!!! CONTROLS !!!!\")\n            .size([200.0, 200.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                ui.text(\"Computer Controls\");\n\n                if ui.button(\"Step\") {\n                    system_to_control.step_system();\n                };\n                if ui.button(\"Load Program\") {\n                    let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n\n                    println!(\"PREPARING TO LOAD 1-chip8-logo.ch8\");\n                    let mut input_file = File::open(Path::new(\"./1-chip8-logo.ch8\")).expect(\"put 1-chip8-logo.ch8 in this directory\");\n                    // let mut input_file = File::open(Path::new(\"./coraxhard.ch8\")).expect(\"put 1-chip8-logo.ch8 in this directory\");\n                    input_file.read_to_end(\u0026mut buffer).expect(\"unable to read file\");\n                    system_to_control.load_bytes_to_memory(0x200, buffer.into());\n                }\n                if ui.button(\"Reset\") {\n                    *system_to_control = Chip8Computer::new();\n                }\n            });\n    }\n\n    pub fn registers_view(system: \u0026Chip8Computer, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        ui.window(\"Registers\")\n            .size([400.0, 500.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                ui.text(\"Registers\");\n                for i in 1..0x10 {\n                    ui.text(format!(\"V{:X}: {}\", i, system.registers.peek(i)));\n                    if i != 7 {\n                        ui.same_line();\n                    }\n                }\n                ui.text(\"\");\n                ui.text(format!(\"I: {:03X}\", system.registers.peek_i()));\n                ui.same_line();\n                ui.text(format!(\"ST: {:02X}\", system.sound_timer.current()));\n                ui.same_line();\n                ui.text(format!(\"DT: {:02X}\", system.delay_timer.current()));\n                ui.text(format!(\"PC: {:02X}\", system.registers.peek_pc()));\n                ui.text(format!(\"SP: {:02X}\", system.stack.depth()));\n            });\n    }\n\n    pub fn hex_memory_display(bytes: Chip8SystemMemory, position: (i32, i32), active: i16, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        let rows = position.0;\n        let cols = position.1;\n        ui.window(\"System Memory\")\n            .size([400.0, 300.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                let mut current_x_hover: i32 = 0;\n                let mut current_y_hover: i32 = 0;\n                // display a block of data\n                for current_row in 0..rows {\n                    ui.text(format!(\"{:02x}\", current_row * cols));\n                    ui.same_line();\n                    for current_column in 0..cols {\n                        let data_offset = current_row * cols + current_column;\n                        let formatted_text = format!(\"{:02x}\", bytes.peek(data_offset as u16));\n                        let text_location = ui.cursor_screen_pos();\n                        let text_size = ui.calc_text_size(formatted_text.clone());\n                        let bounding_box = imgui::sys::ImVec2 {\n                            x: text_location[0] + text_size[0],\n                            y: text_location[1] + text_size[1],\n                        };\n\n                        let hovering = ui.is_mouse_hovering_rect(text_location, [bounding_box.x, bounding_box.y]);\n                        let is_active = data_offset == active as i32;\n\n                        ui.text_colored(if hovering {\n                            [0., 1., 1., 1.]\n                        } else if is_active {\n                            [1., 0., 1., 1.]\n                        } else {\n                            [1., 1., 0., 1.]\n                        }, formatted_text.clone());\n\n\n                        // if we are hovering show that at the bottom...\n                        if hovering {\n                            // Optionally change the text color to indicate it's interactable\n                            current_x_hover = current_column;\n                            current_y_hover = current_row;\n\n                            // Check if the left mouse button is clicked while hovering over the text\n                            if ui.is_mouse_clicked(imgui::MouseButton::Left) {\n                                println!(\"Offset: [{}] [0x{:02x}] Value: [{}]\", data_offset, data_offset, formatted_text.clone());\n                                // Perform any action here, e.g., call a function, trigger an event, etc.\n                            }\n                        }\n\n                        // are we on the same line?\n                        if current_column != (cols - 1) {\n                            ui.same_line();\n                        }\n                    }\n                }\n                ui.text(format!(\"Offset 0x{:03x}\", current_x_hover * cols + current_y_hover));\n            });\n    }\n\n    pub fn system_memory_render(memory: Chip8SystemMemory, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        ui.window(\"System Memory\")\n            .size([300.0, 100.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                ui.text(\"Rendering System Memory Here\");\n                let draw_list = ui.get_foreground_draw_list();\n                let mut idx = 0;\n                for row in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT {\n                    for column in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH {\n                        let x_offset = column * CELL_WIDTH;\n                        let y_offset = row * CELL_WIDTH;\n                        let start_point = [x_offset as f32, y_offset as f32];\n                        let end_point = [(x_offset + CELL_WIDTH) as f32,\n                            (y_offset + CELL_HEIGHT) as f32\n                        ];\n                        let memory_offset = (row * CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH) + column;\n                        let target_color = if memory.peek(memory_offset as u16) == 0 {\n                            ImColor32::BLACK\n                        } else {\n                            ImColor32::WHITE\n                        };\n                        draw_list.add_rect([x_offset as f32, y_offset as f32],\n                                           [(x_offset + CELL_WIDTH) as f32, (y_offset + CELL_HEIGHT) as f32],\n                                           target_color).build();\n                        idx += 1;\n                    }\n                }\n            });\n    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glium::glutin::surface::WindowSurface;\nuse glium::{Display, Surface};\nuse imgui::{Context, FontConfig, FontGlyphRanges, FontSource, Ui};\nuse imgui_glium_renderer::Renderer;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::dpi::LogicalSize;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::event::{Event, WindowEvent};\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::event_loop::EventLoop;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::window::WindowBuilder;\nuse imgui_winit_support::{HiDpiMode, WinitPlatform};\nuse std::path::Path;\nuse std::time::Instant;\n\npub mod emmagui_support;\nuse copypasta::{ClipboardContext, ClipboardProvider};\nuse imgui::ClipboardBackend;\n\npub struct ClipboardSupport(pub ClipboardContext);\n\npub fn clipboard_init() -\u003e Option\u003cClipboardSupport\u003e {\n    ClipboardContext::new().ok().map(ClipboardSupport)\n}\n\nimpl ClipboardBackend for ClipboardSupport {\n    fn get(\u0026mut self) -\u003e Option\u003cString\u003e {\n        self.0.get_contents().ok()\n    }\n    fn set(\u0026mut self, text: \u0026str) {\n        // ignore errors?\n        let _ = self.0.set_contents(text.to_owned());\n    }\n}\n\npub const FONT_SIZE: f32 = 13.0;\n\n#[allow(dead_code)] // annoyingly, RA yells that this is unusued\npub fn simple_init\u003cF: FnMut(\u0026mut bool, \u0026mut Ui) + 'static\u003e(title: \u0026str, run_ui: F) {\n    init_with_startup(title, |_, _, _| {}, run_ui);\n}\n\npub fn init_with_startup\u003cFInit, FUi\u003e(title: \u0026str, mut startup: FInit, mut run_ui: FUi)\nwhere\n    FInit: FnMut(\u0026mut Context, \u0026mut Renderer, \u0026Display\u003cWindowSurface\u003e) + 'static,\n    FUi: FnMut(\u0026mut bool, \u0026mut Ui) + 'static,\n{\n    let mut imgui = create_context();\n\n    let title = match Path::new(\u0026title).file_name() {\n        Some(file_name) =\u003e file_name.to_str().unwrap(),\n        None =\u003e title,\n    };\n    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().expect(\"Failed to create EventLoop\");\n\n    let builder = WindowBuilder::new()\n        .with_maximized(true)\n        .with_title(title);\n      //  .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(1024, 768));\n    let (window, display) = glium::backend::glutin::SimpleWindowBuilder::new()\n        .set_window_builder(builder)\n        .build(\u0026event_loop);\n    let mut renderer = Renderer::init(\u0026mut imgui, \u0026display).expect(\"Failed to initialize renderer\");\n\n    if let Some(backend) = clipboard_init() {\n        imgui.set_clipboard_backend(backend);\n    } else {\n        eprintln!(\"Failed to initialize clipboard\");\n    }\n\n    let mut platform = WinitPlatform::init(\u0026mut imgui);\n    {\n        let dpi_mode = if let Ok(factor) = std::env::var(\"IMGUI_EXAMPLE_FORCE_DPI_FACTOR\") {\n            // Allow forcing of HiDPI factor for debugging purposes\n            match factor.parse::\u003cf64\u003e() {\n                Ok(f) =\u003e HiDpiMode::Locked(f),\n                Err(e) =\u003e panic!(\"Invalid scaling factor: {}\", e),\n            }\n        } else {\n            HiDpiMode::Default\n        };\n\n        platform.attach_window(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, dpi_mode);\n    }\n\n    let mut last_frame = Instant::now();\n\n    startup(\u0026mut imgui, \u0026mut renderer, \u0026display);\n\n    event_loop\n        .run(move |event, window_target| match event {\n            Event::NewEvents(_) =\u003e {\n                let now = Instant::now();\n                imgui.io_mut().update_delta_time(now - last_frame);\n                last_frame = now;\n            }\n            Event::AboutToWait =\u003e {\n                platform\n                    .prepare_frame(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window)\n                    .expect(\"Failed to prepare frame\");\n                window.request_redraw();\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,\n                ..\n            } =\u003e {\n                let ui = imgui.frame();\n\n                let mut run = true;\n                run_ui(\u0026mut run, ui);\n                if !run {\n                    window_target.exit();\n                }\n\n                let mut target = display.draw();\n                target.clear_color_srgb(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);\n                platform.prepare_render(ui, \u0026window);\n                let draw_data = imgui.render();\n                renderer\n                    .render(\u0026mut target, draw_data)\n                    .expect(\"Rendering failed\");\n                target.finish().expect(\"Failed to swap buffers\");\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::Resized(new_size),\n                ..\n            } =\u003e {\n                if new_size.width \u003e 0 \u0026\u0026 new_size.height \u003e 0 {\n                    display.resize((new_size.width, new_size.height));\n                }\n                platform.handle_event(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, \u0026event);\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,\n                ..\n            } =\u003e window_target.exit(),\n            event =\u003e {\n                platform.handle_event(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, \u0026event);\n            }\n        })\n        .expect(\"EventLoop error\");\n}\n\n/// Creates the imgui context\npub fn create_context() -\u003e imgui::Context {\n    let mut imgui = Context::create();\n    // Fixed font size. Note imgui_winit_support uses \"logical\n    // pixels\", which are physical pixels scaled by the devices\n    // scaling factor. Meaning, 13.0 pixels should look the same size\n    // on two different screens, and thus we do not need to scale this\n    // value (as the scaling is handled by winit)\n    imgui.fonts().add_font(\u0026[\n        FontSource::TtfData {\n            data: include_bytes!(\"../../../../resources/Roboto-Regular.ttf\"),\n            size_pixels: FONT_SIZE,\n            config: Some(FontConfig {\n                // As imgui-glium-renderer isn't gamma-correct with\n                // it's font rendering, we apply an arbitrary\n                // multiplier to make the font a bit \"heavier\". With\n                // default imgui-glow-renderer this is unnecessary.\n                rasterizer_multiply: 1.5,\n                // Oversampling font helps improve text rendering at\n                // expense of larger font atlas texture.\n                oversample_h: 4,\n                oversample_v: 4,\n                ..FontConfig::default()\n            }),\n        },\n        FontSource::TtfData {\n            data: include_bytes!(\"../../../../resources/mplus-1p-regular.ttf\"),\n            size_pixels: FONT_SIZE,\n            config: Some(FontConfig {\n                // Oversampling font helps improve text rendering at\n                // expense of larger font atlas texture.\n                oversample_h: 4,\n                oversample_v: 4,\n                // Range of glyphs to rasterize\n                glyph_ranges: FontGlyphRanges::japanese(),\n                ..FontConfig::default()\n            }),\n        },\n    ]);\n    imgui.set_ini_filename(None);\n\n    imgui\n}\n","traces":[{"line":19,"address":[4928944],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":20,"address":[4928961],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":24,"address":[4929024],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":25,"address":[4929043],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":27,"address":[4929088],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":29,"address":[4929111],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":36,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":37,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":40,"address":[4670989,4667920,4670006],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":45,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":47,"address":[4668147,4668240],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":48,"address":[4668362,4668548],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":49,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":51,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":53,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":55,"address":[4668746,4668703],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":57,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":58,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":59,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":60,"address":[4669070,4669022],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":62,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":63,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":65,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":70,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":72,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":73,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":74,"address":[4669928,4669748],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":77,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":80,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":83,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":85,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":87,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":88,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":89,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":90,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":91,"address":[4671516],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":92,"address":[4671631],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":94,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":95,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":96,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":97,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":98,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":100,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":101,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":102,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":103,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":104,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":106,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":107,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":108,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":109,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":112,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":113,"address":[4672003],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":114,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":115,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":116,"address":[4672173],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":117,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":118,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":119,"address":[4672237],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":121,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":122,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":123,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":124,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":125,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":126,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":128,"address":[4671870,4671766],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":130,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":131,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":132,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":133,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":134,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":135,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":142,"address":[4929168,4930716],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":143,"address":[4929185],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":149,"address":[4930310,4929209],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":150,"address":[4929608],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":153,"address":[4929285],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":163,"address":[4929266],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":166,"address":[4930176],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":169,"address":[4929861],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":175,"address":[4929742],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":176,"address":[4929827],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":180,"address":[4930655],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":182,"address":[4930688],"l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log::{debug, error};\nuse crate::chip8::delay_timer::DelayTimer;\nuse crate::chip8::instructions::Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION;\nuse crate::chip8::keypad::Keypad;\nuse crate::chip8::registers::Chip8Registers;\nuse crate::chip8::sound_timer::SoundTimer;\nuse crate::chip8::stack::Chip8Stack;\nuse crate::chip8::util::InstructionUtil;\nuse crate::constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT};\n\nuse super::{\n    cpu_states::Chip8CpuStates, instructions::Chip8CpuInstructions, system_memory::Chip8SystemMemory, video::Chip8Video,\n};\n\nconst STACK_POINTER_DEFAULT: i16 = 0x100;\n\n#[derive(Clone)]\npub struct Chip8Computer {\n    pub memory: Chip8SystemMemory,\n    pub registers: Chip8Registers,\n    pub sound_timer: SoundTimer,\n    pub delay_timer: DelayTimer,\n    pub video_memory: Chip8Video,\n    pub state: Chip8CpuStates,\n    pub keypad: Keypad,\n    pub stack: Chip8Stack\n}\nimpl Default for Chip8Computer {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Self {\n            memory: Chip8SystemMemory::default(),\n            video_memory: Chip8Video::default(),\n            registers: Chip8Registers::default(),\n            sound_timer: SoundTimer::new(),\n            delay_timer: DelayTimer::new(),\n            state: Chip8CpuStates::default(),\n            keypad: Keypad::default(),\n            stack: Chip8Stack::default()\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Computer {\n    pub fn new_with_program(new_program: Box\u003cVec\u003cu16\u003e\u003e) -\u003e Self {\n        let mut working = Chip8Computer::new();\n        for i in 0..new_program.len() {\n            let high_byte = (new_program[i as usize] \u003e\u003e 8) as u8;\n            let low_byte = (new_program[i] \u0026 0xff) as u8;\n            let base_offset = i * 2;\n            working.memory.poke(base_offset as u16, high_byte);\n            working.memory.poke((base_offset + 1) as u16, low_byte);\n        }\n        working\n    }\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Computer::default()\n    }\n\n    pub fn load_bytes_to_memory(\u0026mut self, offset: u16, to_load: Box\u003cVec\u003cu8\u003e\u003e) {\n        let total_len = to_load.len() as u16;\n        for current_index in 0..total_len {\n            let new_value = to_load[current_index as usize];\n            let new_location = current_index + offset;\n            self.memory.poke(new_location, new_value);\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn step_system(\u0026mut self) -\u003e \u0026mut Chip8Computer {\n        debug!(\"Stepping System 1 Step\");\n        // read the next instruction\n\n        let mut working_instruction: u16 = 0b0000000000000000;\n        let start_pc = self.registers.peek_pc();\n        let high_byte = (self.memory.clone().peek(start_pc) as u16).rotate_left(8);\n        let low_byte = self.memory.clone().peek(start_pc + 1) as u16;\n        let result = high_byte | low_byte;\n        let decoded_instruction =\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(result);\n        // todo: THIS IS BAD AND IS A SIDE EFFECT\n        decoded_instruction.execute(self);\n\n        match self.state {\n            Chip8CpuStates::WaitingForInstruction =\u003e {\n                self.sound_timer.tick();\n                self.delay_timer.tick();\n            }\n            Chip8CpuStates::WaitingForKey =\u003e {\n                println!(\"waiting for a key press...\");\n            }\n            _ =\u003e {}\n        }\n        self\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use rand::random;\n    use crate::constants::CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY;\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n}\n\n","traces":[{"line":29,"address":[19702800],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":31,"address":[1325728],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":32,"address":[1325738],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":33,"address":[1325751],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":34,"address":[19702871],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":35,"address":[1325773],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":36,"address":[1325782],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":37,"address":[1325791],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":38,"address":[1325804],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":44,"address":[1326685,1326048],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":45,"address":[1326096],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":46,"address":[1326209,1326143,1326375],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":47,"address":[1326396],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":48,"address":[1326467],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":49,"address":[1326527,1326582],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":50,"address":[1326562],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":51,"address":[1326607],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":53,"address":[1326331],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":55,"address":[1326720],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":56,"address":[1326728],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":59,"address":[1326752,1327120],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":60,"address":[1326784,1326845],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":61,"address":[19703973,19704091],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":62,"address":[1326986],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":63,"address":[1327044,1327095],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":64,"address":[1327078,1327115],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[1327152],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":69,"address":[1327224,1327467],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":72,"address":[19704329],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":73,"address":[1327264],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":74,"address":[1327384,1327294],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":75,"address":[1327768,1327612,1327392],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":76,"address":[1327647],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":77,"address":[1327663],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":80,"address":[1327717],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":82,"address":[1327736],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":84,"address":[1327802],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":85,"address":[1327819],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":88,"address":[1327833],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":11,"coverable":39},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","cpu_states.rs"],"content":"#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]\npub enum Chip8CpuStates {\n    #[default]\n    WaitingForInstruction,\n    WaitingForKey,\n    ExecutingInstruction,\n    Error,\n}\n\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","delay_timer.rs"],"content":"#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct DelayTimer {\n    counter: i32\n}\n\nimpl DelayTimer {\n    pub fn current(\u0026self) -\u003e i32 {\n        self.counter\n    }\n\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        DelayTimer {\n            counter: 0xff\n        }\n    }\n    pub fn set_timer(\u0026mut self, new_value: i32) {\n        self.counter = new_value\n    }\n\n    pub fn tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        if self.counter \u003e 0 {\n            self.counter -= 1;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use crate::chip8::sound_timer::SoundTimer;\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ticks_reduce_time() {\n        let mut st = DelayTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(100);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 97);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn out_of_ticks_works() {\n        let mut st = DelayTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(0);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 0);\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":7,"address":[1449376],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":8,"address":[1449381],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":16,"address":[1449408],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":17,"address":[1449417],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":20,"address":[1449424],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":21,"address":[1449477,1449438],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":22,"address":[1449479,1449453],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":7,"coverable":7},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","instructions.rs"],"content":"use std::ops::{Shl, Shr};\nuse imgui::ColorPicker3;\nuse log::debug;\nuse rand::random;\nuse crate::chip8::computer::{Chip8Computer};\nuse crate::chip8::cpu_states::Chip8CpuStates::WaitingForKey;\nuse crate::chip8::instructions::Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION;\nuse crate::chip8::util::InstructionUtil;\nuse crate::chip8::video::Chip8Video;\n\n/*\nnnn or addr - A 12-bit value, the lowest 12 bits of the instruction\nn or nibble - A 4-bit value, the lowest 4 bits of the instruction\nx - A 4-bit value, the lower 4 bits of the high byte of the instruction\ny - A 4-bit value, the upper 4 bits of the low byte of the instruction\nkk or byte - An 8-bit value, the lowest 8 bits of the instruction\n */\n\n#[derive(Debug)]\npub enum Chip8CpuInstructions {\n    /// 0nnn\n    /// Exit to System Call at nnn\n    SysAddr(i16),\n    /// Clear Screen\n    CLS,\n    /// Return from Subroutine\n    RET,\n    /// 1nnn\n    /// Jump to Address nnn\n    JpAddr(i16),\n    /// 2nnn\n    /// Call Subroutine at nnn\n    CallAddr(i16),\n    /// 0x3xkk\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx == kk\n    SeVxByte(i16, i16),\n    /// 4xkk\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx != kk\n    SneVxByte(i16, i16),\n    /// 5xy0\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx == Vy\n    SeVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 6xkk\n    /// Set Vx = kk\n    LdVxByte(u16, u16),\n    /// 7xkk\n    /// Set Vx = Vx + kk\n    AddVxByte(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy0\n    /// Set Vx = Vy\n    LdVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy1\n    /// Set Vx = Vx OR Vy\n    OrVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy2\n    /// Set Vx = Vx AND Vy\n    AndVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy3\n    /// Set Vx = Vx XOR Vy\n    XorVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy4\n    /// Set Vx = Vx + Vy\n    /// Set VF=1 if Carry\n    AddVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy5\n    /// Set Vx = Vx - Vy\n    /// Set VF=1 if No Borrow\n    SubVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy6\n    /// Set Vx = Vx SHR 1\n    ShrVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy7\n    /// Set Vx = Vy - Vx\n    /// Set VF=1 if No Borrow\n    SubnVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xye\n    /// Set Vx = Vx SHL 1\n    ShlVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 9xy0\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx != Vy\n    SneVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// Annn\n    /// Load I register with NNN\n    LdIAddr(u16),\n    /// Bnnn\n    /// Jump to nnn+V0\n    JpV0Addr(u16),\n    /// Cxkk\n    /// Set Vx = Random u8 AND kk\n    RndVxByte(u16, u16),\n    /// Dxyn\n    /// Display N byte tall sprite starting at Vx, Vy\n    DrawVxVyNibble(u16, u16, u16),\n    /// Ex9E\n    /// Skip next instruction of key in Vx pressed\n    SkpVx(u16),\n    /// ExA1\n    /// Skip Next If Key Not Pressed\n    SnkpVx(u16),\n    /// Fx07\n    /// Set Vx = Dt\n    LdVxDt(u16),\n    /// Fx0A\n    /// Wait for Key to be pressed and store\n    /// in Vx\n    LdVxK(u16),\n    /// Fx15\n    /// Load Value in Delay Timer to Vx\n    LdDtVx(u16),                   // 0xFx15 Set Delay Timer\n    /// Fx18\n    /// Set Dt = Vx\n    LdStVx(u16),\n    AddIVx(u16),                   // 0xFx1E I = I + Vx\n    LdFVx(u16),                    // 0xFx29 Set I = Location of sprite for Digit Vx\n    LdBVx(u16),                    // 0xFx33 Store BCD of Vx in I, I+1, I+2\n    LdIVx(u16),                    // 0xFx55 Store V0 to Vx in memory starting at I\n    LdVxI(u16),                    // 0xFx65 Load V0 to Vx in memory starting at I\n    XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION,\n}\n\nimpl Chip8CpuInstructions {\n    pub fn encode(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        match self {\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(target) =\u003e {\n                (0x0000 | (target \u0026 0x0FFF)) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS =\u003e {\n                0x00E0\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RET =\u003e {\n                0x00EE\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(new_addr) =\u003e {\n                0x1000 | (new_addr \u0026 0x0FFF) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(address) =\u003e {\n                (0x2000 | (address \u0026 0x0FFF)) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                (0x3000 | (vx_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte) as u16)\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                (0x4000i16 | vx_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x5000u16 | (x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4)\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(x_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                0x6000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(x_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                0x7000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8001u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8002u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8003u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8004u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8005u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8006u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8007u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x800Eu16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x9000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(addr) =\u003e {\n                0xA000u16 | addr\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr) =\u003e {\n                0xB000u16 | addr\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(x_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                0xC000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x_register, y_register, height) =\u003e {\n                0xD000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4 | height\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xE09Eu16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xE0A1u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF007u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF00Au16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF015u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF018u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF01Eu16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF029u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xf033u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xf055u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xf065u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION =\u003e {\n                0xffff\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    pub fn decode(input: u16) -\u003e Chip8CpuInstructions {\n        let x_param = InstructionUtil::read_x_from_instruction(input);\n        let y_param = InstructionUtil::read_y_from_instruction(input);\n        let addr_param = InstructionUtil::read_addr_from_instruction(input);\n        let byte_param = InstructionUtil::read_byte_from_instruction(input);\n        let nibble_param = InstructionUtil::read_nibble_from_instruction(input);\n        let ubln = InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(input);\n        let last_byte = input \u0026 0xFF;\n\n        match input {\n            0x00E0 =\u003e {\n                // 00E0 - CLS\n                // Clear the display.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS\n            }\n            0x00EE =\u003e {\n                // 00EE - RET\n                // Return from a subroutine.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::RET\n            }\n            0x0000..=0x0FFF =\u003e {\n                // 0nnn - SYS addr\n                // Jump to a machine code routine at nnn.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(addr_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x1000..=0x1FFF =\u003e {\n                // 1nnn - JP addr\n                // Jump to location nnn.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(addr_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x2000..=0x2FFF =\u003e {\n                // 2nnn - CALL addr\n                // Call subroutine at nnn.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(addr_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x3000..=0x3FFF =\u003e {\n                // 3xkk - SE Vx, byte\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(x_param as i16, byte_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x4000..=0x4FFF =\u003e {\n                // 4xkk - SNE Vx, byte\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx != kk.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(x_param as i16, byte_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x5000..=0x5FF0 =\u003e {\n                // 5xy0 - SE Vx, Vy\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx = Vy.\n                // if the last nibble isn't 0...\n                if 0xf \u0026 input \u003e 0 {\n                    // ... we have a problem.\n                    Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                } else {\n                    Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                }\n            }\n            0x6000..=0x6FFF =\u003e {\n                // 6xkk - LD Vx, byte\n                // Set Vx = kk.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(x_param, byte_param)\n            }\n            0x7000..=0x7FFF =\u003e {\n                // ADD Vx, Byte\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(x_param, byte_param)\n            }\n            0x8000..=0x8FFE =\u003e {\n                // 0x8000 Series\n                let last_nibble = input \u0026 0xF;\n                match last_nibble {\n                    0x0 =\u003e {\n                        // LD Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x1 =\u003e {\n                        // OR Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x2 =\u003e {\n                        // AND Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x3 =\u003e {\n                        // XOR Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x4 =\u003e {\n                        // ADD Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x5 =\u003e {\n                        // SUB Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x6 =\u003e {\n                        // SHR Vx, {, Vy }\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x7 =\u003e {\n                        // SUBN Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0xE =\u003e {\n                        // SHL Vx, {, Vy}\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    _ =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            0x9000..=0x9FF0 =\u003e {\n                // SNE Vx, Vy\n                if 0xf \u0026 input \u003e 0 {\n                    XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                } else {\n                    Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                }\n            }\n            0xA000..=0xAFFF =\u003e {\n                // LD I, Addr\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(addr_param)\n            }\n            0xB000..=0xBFFF =\u003e {\n                // JP V0, Addr\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr_param)\n            }\n            0xC000..=0xCFFF =\u003e {\n                // RND Vx, byte\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(x_param, byte_param)\n            }\n            0xD000..=0xDFFF =\u003e {\n                // DRAW Vx, Vy, nibble\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x_param, y_param, nibble_param)\n            }\n            0xE09E..=0xEFA1 =\u003e {\n                match last_byte {\n                    0x9E =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0xA1 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    _ =\u003e {\n                        XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            0xF007..=0xFF65 =\u003e {\n                match last_byte {\n                    0x07 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x0A =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x15 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x18 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x1E =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x29 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x33 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x55 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x65 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(ubln)\n                    }\n                    _ =\u003e {\n                        XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            _ =\u003e {\n                XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn execute(\u0026self, mut input: \u0026mut Chip8Computer) -\u003e Chip8Computer {\n        let start_pc = input.registers.peek_pc();\n        input.registers.poke_pc(start_pc + 2);\n        let _ = match self {\n            // 0x0nnn Exit to System Call\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(new_address) =\u003e {\n                debug!(\"SysAddr [0x{new_address:3x}]\");\n\n                input.registers.poke_pc(*new_address as u16);\n            }\n            // * 0x00E0 Clear Screen\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS =\u003e {\n                for i in 0..(64 * 32) {\n                    input.video_memory.poke(i, false);\n                }\n            }\n            // 0x00EE Return from Subroutine\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RET =\u003e {\n                let return_address = input.stack.pop();\n                debug!(\"Returning from subroutine to {return_address:03x}\");\n                input.registers.poke_pc(return_address);\n            }\n            // 0x1nnn Jump to Address\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(new_address) =\u003e {\n                debug!(\"JpAddr [0x{new_address:3x}]\");\n                input.registers.poke_pc(*new_address as u16);\n            }\n            // 0x2nnn Call Subroutine\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(new_address) =\u003e {\n                debug!(\"CALL ADDR 0x{new_address:3x}\");\n                let return_address = input.registers.peek_pc();\n                input.registers.poke_pc(*new_address as u16);\n                input.stack.push(\u0026return_address);\n            }\n            // 0x3xkk Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                if input.registers.peek(*vx_register as u8) == *byte as u8 {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n                debug!(\"SeVxByte [0x{vx_register:1x}] [0x{byte:2x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x4xkk Skip next instruction if Vx != kk\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(x, byte) =\u003e {\n                if input.registers.peek(*x as u8) != *byte as u8 {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n                debug!(\"SneVxByte [0x{x:1x}] [0x{byte:2x}\");\n            }\n            // 0x5xy0 Skip next instruction if Vx == Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                let lhs = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let rhs = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n\n                if lhs == rhs {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n                debug!(\"SeVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x6xkk Set Vx = kk\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(register, byte) =\u003e {\n                let byte_value = *byte as u8;\n                input.registers.poke(*register as u8, byte_value);\n                debug!(\"LdVxByte [0x{register:1x}] [0x{byte:2.0x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x7xkk Set Vx = Vx + kk\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                input.registers.poke(*vx_register as u8, (input.registers.peek(*vx_register as u8) + *byte as u8));\n                debug!(\"AddVxByte [0x{vx_register:1x}] [0x{byte:2x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x8xy0 Set value of Vy in Vx\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*y as u8));\n                debug!(\"LdVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x8xy1 Set Vx = Vx OR Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*x as u8) | input.registers.peek(*y as u8));\n                debug!(\"OrVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]\")\n            }\n            // 0x8xy2 Set Vx = Vx AND Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*x as u8) \u0026 input.registers.peek(*y as u8));\n                debug!(\"AndVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x8xy3 Set Vx = Vx XOR Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*x as u8) ^ input.registers.peek(*y as u8));\n            }\n            // 0x8xy4 Set Vx = Vx + Vy (SET VF on Carry)\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                let lhs = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let rhs = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n                let working = (lhs as i16 + rhs as i16) as i16;\n                if working \u003e 255 {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 0x01);\n                }\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, working as u8);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                // 8xy5 - SUB Vx, Vy\n                // Set Vx = Vx - Vy, set VF = NOT borrow.\n                //\n                // If Vx \u003e Vy, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vy is subtracted from Vx, and the results stored in Vx.\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*x as u8) - input.registers.peek(*y as u8));\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(x, _) =\u003e {\n                // 8xy6 - SHR Vx {, Vy}\n                // Set Vx = Vx SHR 1.\n                //\n                // If the least-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vx is divided by 2.\n                let initial_value = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                if 0xb1 \u0026 initial_value == 1 {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1);\n                }\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, initial_value.shr(1));\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                // 8xy7 - SUBN Vx, Vy\n                // Set Vx = Vy - Vx, set VF = NOT borrow.\n                //\n                // If Vy \u003e Vx, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vx is subtracted from Vy, and the results stored in Vx.\n                let y_register = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n                let x_register = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let new_value = if y_register \u003c= x_register { 1 } else { 0 };\n                let value_to_poke = if y_register \u003c= x_register {\n                    ((y_register as u16 + 256) - x_register as u16) as u8\n                } else {\n                    y_register - x_register\n                };\n                input.registers.poke(0xf, new_value);\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, value_to_poke);\n            }\n\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(x, _) =\u003e {\n                // 8xyE - SHL Vx {, Vy}\n                // Set Vx = Vx SHL 1.\n                //\n                // If the most-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise to 0. Then Vx is multiplied by 2.\n                let initial_value = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                if 0x80 \u0026 initial_value == 0x80 {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1);\n                }\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, initial_value.shl(1));\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(vx_register, vy_register) =\u003e {\n                // 9xy0 - SNE Vx, Vy\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx != Vy.\n                //\n                // The values of Vx and Vy are compared, and if they are not equal, the program counter is increased by 2.\n\n                let x_reg_value = input.registers.peek(*vx_register as u8);\n                let y_reg_value = input.registers.peek(*vy_register as u8);\n                if x_reg_value != y_reg_value {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(new_index) =\u003e {\n                // Annn - LD I, addr\n                // Set I = nnn.\n                //\n                // The value of register I is set to nnn.\n                debug!(\"LdiAddr [0x{new_index:3x}]\");\n                input.registers.poke_i(*new_index);\n            }\n            // 0xBnnn Jump to nnn+V0\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr) =\u003e {\n                // Bnnn - JP V0, addr\n                // Jump to location nnn + V0.\n                //\n                // The program counter is set to nnn plus the value of V0.\n                input.registers.poke_pc(input.registers.peek(0) as u16 + addr);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(x, byte) =\u003e {\n                // Cxkk - RND Vx, byte\n                // Set Vx = random byte AND kk.\n                //\n                // The interpreter generates a random number from 0 to 255,\n                // which is then ANDed with the value kk.\n                // The results are stored in Vx.\n                let new_value: u8 = random();\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, (new_value \u0026 *byte as u8))\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x, y, n) =\u003e {\n                // Display n-byte sprite starting at memory location I at (Vx, Vy), set VF = collision.\n\n                // The interpreter reads n bytes from memory, starting at the address stored in I.\n\n\n                // These bytes are then displayed as sprites on screen at coordinates (Vx, Vy).\n                // Sprites are XORed onto the existing screen.\n                // If this causes any pixels to be erased, VF is set to 1,\n                //     otherwise it is set to 0.\n                // If the sprite is positioned so part of it is outside the coordinates of the display,\n                //     it wraps around to the opposite side of the screen.\n\n                let source_memory_offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n\n                let x_offset = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let y_offset = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n\n                println!(\"X_OFFSET = {x_offset} / y_offset = {y_offset}\");\n                let target_memory_offset = x_offset as u16 * 64 + y_offset as u16;\n\n                println!(\"CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e STARTING AT {source_memory_offset} WRITING TO {target_memory_offset}\");\n                let num_bytes_to_read = *n;\n                println!(\"CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e PREPARING TO READ {num_bytes_to_read} BYTES FROM MEMORY TO VIDEO\");\n                for byte_index in 0..num_bytes_to_read {\n                    let current_byte = input.memory.peek(byte_index + source_memory_offset);\n                    println!(\"CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e READ BYTE [0x{byte_index:2x}]\\t{current_byte:02x}\\t{current_byte:08b}\");\n                    for bit_index in 0..8 {\n                        let data_offset = ((x_offset as u16 + byte_index) * 64 ) + (y_offset + bit_index) as u16;\n                        let current_bit = (current_byte.shr(7 - bit_index) \u0026 0x1u8) == 0x1u8;\n                        input.video_memory.poke(data_offset, current_bit);\n                    }\n                }\n\n                println!(\"PPOOSSTT -\u003e CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e {}\", input.video_memory.format_as_string());\n\n                let mut did_change: bool = false;\n\n                if did_change {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1u8);\n                } else {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 0u8);\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Ex9E - SKP Vx\n                // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is pressed.\n                //\n                // Checks the keyboard, and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the down position, PC is increased by 2.\n                let key_to_check = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let is_pressed = input.keypad.pressed(key_to_check);\n                if is_pressed {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // ExA1 - SKNP Vx\n                // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is not pressed.\n                //\n\n                // Checks the keyboard,\n                // and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the up position,\n                // PC is increased by 2.\n                let target_key = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let is_pressed = input.keypad.pressed(target_key);\n                debug!(\"SnKpVx [{x:1x}]\");\n                if !is_pressed {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx07 - LD Vx, DT\n                // Set Vx = delay timer value.\n                //\n                // The value of DT is placed into Vx.\n                let value_to_set = input.delay_timer.current();\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, value_to_set as u8);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx0A - LD Vx, K\n                // Wait for a key press, store the value of the key in Vx.\n                //\n                // All execution stops until a key is pressed, then the value of that key is stored in Vx.\n                input.state = WaitingForKey;\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(source_register) =\u003e {\n                // Fx15 - LD DT, Vx\n                // Set delay timer = Vx.\n                //\n                // DT is set equal to the value of Vx.\n                let new_time = input.registers.peek(*source_register as u8);\n                input.delay_timer.set_timer(new_time as i32);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(new_time) =\u003e {\n                let new_value = input.registers.peek(*new_time as u8);\n                input.sound_timer.set_timer(new_value as i32);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx1E - ADD I, Vx\n                // Set I = I + Vx.\n                //\n                // The values of I and Vx are added, and the results are stored in I.\n                let base = input.registers.peek_i();\n                let x_value = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                input.registers.poke_i(base + x_value as u16);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx29 - LD F, Vx\n                // Set I = location of sprite for digit Vx.\n                //\n                // The value of I is set to the location for the hexadecimal sprite corresponding\n                // to the value of Vx. See section 2.4, Display, for more information on\n                // the Chip-8 hexadecimal font.\n\n                let to_offset = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) - 1;\n                let real_offset = to_offset as u16 * 5;\n                input.registers.poke_i(real_offset as u16);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx33 - LD B, Vx\n                // Store BCD representation of Vx in memory locations I, I+1, and I+2.\n                //\n                // The interpreter takes the decimal value of Vx, and places the hundreds\n                // digit in memory at location in I, the tens digit at location I+1,\n                // and the ones digit at location I+2.\n\n                let to_convert = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n\n                // how many hundreds\n                let hundreds = to_convert / 100;\n                // how many tens, minus the hundreds\n                let tens = (to_convert / 10) - (hundreds * 10);\n                // whats the leftover when dividing by 10\n                let units = to_convert % 10;\n\n                // Convert to BCD\n                let result = ((hundreds as u16) \u003c\u003c 8) | units as u16;\n                (tens \u003c\u003c 4) | units;\n                // write them to the memory pointed to by I, I+1, and I+2\n                let target_start_offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n                input.memory.poke(target_start_offset, hundreds);\n                input.memory.poke(target_start_offset + 1, tens);\n                input.memory.poke(target_start_offset + 2, units);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Store registers V0 through Vx in memory starting at location I.\n                //\n                // The interpreter copies the values of registers V0 through Vx into memory, starting at the address in I.\n                let offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n                for i in 0..*x {\n                    input.memory.poke(offset + i, input.registers.peek(i as u8));\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(x) =\u003e {\n                // Read registers V0 through Vx from memory starting at location I.\n                //\n                // The interpreter reads values from memory starting at location I into registers V0 through Vx.\n                let offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n                debug!(\"STARTING TO READ AT {offset:03x}\");\n                let num_loops = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                debug!(\"WILL READ {num_loops:x} BYTES\");\n                for index in 0..num_loops {\n                    let src_value = input.memory.peek(index as u16 + offset);\n\n                    input.registers.poke(index, src_value);\n                    debug!(\"POKING {index} with {src_value}\");\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION =\u003e {}\n        };\n        input.clone()\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use dimensioned::typenum::assert_type;\n    use ratatui::crossterm::execute;\n    use crate::chip8::cpu_states::Chip8CpuStates;\n    use crate::chip8::system_memory::{CHIP8FONT_0, CHIP8FONT_1, CHIP8FONT_2, CHIP8FONT_9};\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn encode_decode_test() {\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS.encode(), 0x00E0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::RET.encode(), 0x00EE);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0x123).encode(), 0x0123);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0x234).encode(), 0x1234);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x345).encode(), 0x2345);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(0x4, 0x56).encode(), 0x3456);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0xa, 0xbc).encode(), 0x4abc);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0xa, 0xb).encode(), 0x5ab0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xa, 0xff).encode(), 0x6aff);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(0xa, 0xbc).encode(), 0x7abc);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(0xa, 0xb).encode(), 0x8ab0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(0xb, 0xa).encode(), 0x8ba1);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(0xc, 0xd).encode(), 0x8cd2);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(0xd, 0xe).encode(), 0x8de3);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(0xe, 0xf).encode(), 0x8ef4);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(0xf, 0x0).encode(), 0x8f05);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x0, 0x1).encode(), 0x8016);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2).encode(), 0x8127);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x3, 0x4).encode(), 0x834e);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0xa, 0xb).encode(), 0x9ab0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x123).encode(), 0xa123);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(0x234).encode(), 0xb234);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(0xa, 0xca).encode(), 0xcaca);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(0xa, 0xb, 0x4).encode(), 0xdab4);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).encode(), 0xe19e);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x2).encode(), 0xe2a1);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(0x1).encode(), 0xf107);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(0x4).encode(), 0xf40a);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x6).encode(), 0xf615);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(0xb).encode(), 0xfb18);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(0xd).encode(), 0xfd1e);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0xc).encode(), 0xfc29);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(0xd).encode(), 0xfd33);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(0xe).encode(), 0xfe55);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(0x3).encode(), 0xf365);\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x00E0u16), Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x00EEu16), Chip8CpuInstructions::RET));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x0123), Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0x123)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x0FFF), Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0xfff)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x1002), Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x1FF0), Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0xFF0)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x2002), Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x3123), Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(0x1, 0x23)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x4abc), Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0xa, 0xbc)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x5ab0), Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0xa, 0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x6aff), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xa, 0xff)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x7abc), Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(0xa, 0xbc)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8ab0), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(0xa, 0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8ba1), Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(0xb, 0xa)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8cd2), Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(0xc, 0xd)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8de3), Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(0xd, 0xe)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8ef4), Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(0xe, 0xf)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8f05), Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(0xf, 0x0)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8016), Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x0, 0x1)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8127), Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x834e), Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x3, 0x4)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x9ab0), Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0xa, 0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xa123), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x123)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xb234), Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(0x234)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xcaca), Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(0xa, 0xca)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xdab4), Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(0xa, 0xb, 0x4)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xe19e), Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xe2a1), Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf107), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(0x1)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf40a), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(0x4)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf615), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x6)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfb18), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfd1e), Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(0xd)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfc29), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0xc)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfd33), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(0xd)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfe55), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(0xe)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf365), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(0x3)));\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn decoder_test_invalid_instructions() {\n        let invalid_to_encode = [\n            0x5ab1, 0x5abf, 0x8ab8, 0x8abd, 0x8abf,\n            0x9ab1, 0x9abf, 0xea9d, 0xea9f, 0xeaa0,\n            0xeaa2, 0xf006, 0xf008\n        ];\n\n        for i in invalid_to_encode {\n            assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(i).encode(), 0xffff);\n            assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(i), Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION));\n        }\n    }\n\n    /// START OF THE EXECUTION TESTS\n    #[test]\n    fn sys_test() {\n        // 0x0nnn Exit to System Call\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0xFA0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xFA0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0x0AF).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x0AF);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn jpaddr_test() {\n        // 0x1nnn Jump to Address\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0xABC).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xABC);\n    }\n\n    // ** test moved up so it can be used later\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_byte_test() {\n        // 0x6xkk Set Vx = kk\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x12).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x12);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0x21).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(2), 0x21);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sevxbyte_match_test() {\n        // 0x3xkk Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.\n        // The interpreter compares register Vx to kk,\n        // and if they are equal, increments the program counter by 2.\n\n        // test setup: Load value 0x84 into V1\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x84).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(1, 0x84).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // we should be 6 instructions past.\n        // 2 for the LDVXBYTE\n        // 2 for the SEVXBYTE\n        // 2 for skipping.\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sevxbyte_nomatch_test() {\n        // 0x3xkk Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.\n        // The interpreter compares register Vx to kk,\n        // and if they are equal, increments the program counter by 2.\n\n        // test setup: Load value 0x84 into V1\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0x84).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // PC will be 2 bytes past as we executed an instruction...\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(1, 0x48).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // we should be 2 instructions past.\n        // 2 for what we executed\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(1, 0x84).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn se_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x4xkk Skip next instruction if Vx != kk\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0x84).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x02, 0x84).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n\n        // skip, compare 0x84 to 0x84\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);\n\n        // load 0x48 (not matching) into V2\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x48).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // verify its there.\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(2), 0x48);\n        // no skip, compare 0x84 and 0x48\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(2), 0x48);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x20C);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy0 Set value of Vy in Vx\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0x01).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x02, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x01);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x02);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn or_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy1 Set Vx = Vx OR Vy\n        //   0b0101 0000 (0x50)\n        // | 0b0000 1010 (0x0A)\n        //   0b0101 1010 (0x5A)\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x50).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0x0A).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x5A);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn and_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy2 Set Vx = Vx AND Vy\n        //   0b1111 1100 (0xFC)\n        // \u0026 0b1100 1010 (0xCA)\n        //   0b1100 1000 (0xC8)\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0xFC).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0xCA).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0xC8);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn xor_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy3 Set Vx = Vx XOR Vy\n        //   0b1111 1100 (0xFC)\n        // ^ 0b1100 1010 (0xCA)\n        //   0b0011 0110 (0x36)\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0xFC).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0xCA).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x36);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn add_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy4 Set Vx = Vx + Vy (SET VF on Carry)\n        //    T1             T2: Judgement Test\n        //   0x01           0xFF\n        // + 0x01           0x01\n        //   0x02 F0        0x00 F1\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xf, 0x00).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x01).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0x01).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // T1\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 2);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xf, 0x00).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xff).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x01).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // T2\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 1);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn shr_vx_vy_test() {\n        /*\n        Set Vx = Vx SHR 1.\n\n        If the least-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vx is divided by 2.\n        */\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xf, 0x00).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x08).execute(\u0026mut x);   // 0b0000 1000 (0x08)\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);     // 0b0000 0010 (0x02) (Not Set)\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x04);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);\n\n        x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xf, 0x00).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0b00001001).execute(\u0026mut x);   // 0b0000 1001 (0x09)\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);     // 0b0000 0010 (0x02) (Set)\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x04);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 1);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ldi_addr_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x123).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 0x123);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn jp_v0addr_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        /// jump to I + nnn\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x0, 0xFF).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(0x100).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x1FF);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn cls_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS.execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn skip_next_instruction_ne_text() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xf0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // 202\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0x1, 0x0f).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // 204+2\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0x1, 0xf0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // 208\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);\n    }\n\n\n    #[test]\n    fn addivx_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0xabc).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x0, 0x10).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(0x0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 0xacc);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ldstvt_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0xf0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(0x01).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.sound_timer.current(), 0xf0);\n        x.sound_timer.tick();\n        x.sound_timer.tick();\n        x.sound_timer.tick();\n        assert_eq!(x.sound_timer.current(), 0xed);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn rnd_vx_byte_text() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(0x1, 0x0f).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        let new_value = x.registers.peek(0x1);\n        assert!(new_value \u003c 0x10);\n    }\n    /*\n        #[test]\n        fn skp_vx_test() {\n            let mut x  = Chip8Computer::new();\n            x.keypad.push_key(0x1);\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n            assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);\n            x.keypad.release_key(0x1);\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n            assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x20A);\n        }\n\n     */\n\n    #[test]\n    fn add_vx_byte_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        // set a value in the register\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xab).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // add 0x10 to register\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(0x1, 0x10).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0xbb);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sub_vx_vy_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        // load values in 2 registers\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0x10).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x02, 0x08).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(0x1, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0x8);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sne_vx_vy_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x10).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x10).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x00).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x20C)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_dt_vx_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x10).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.delay_timer.current(), 0x10);\n        for i in 0..0x20 {\n            x.delay_timer.tick();\n        }\n        assert_eq!(x.delay_timer.current(), 0);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_dt_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xf0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        x.delay_timer.tick();\n        x.delay_timer.tick();\n        x.delay_timer.tick();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0xed);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn subn_vx_vy_test() {\n        // This instruction subtracts the value in\n        // register Vx from the value in register Vy and stores the result in register Vx.\n        // The subtraction is performed as follows: Vx = Vy - Vx. If Vy is less than Vx,\n        // the result will wrap around (due to the 8-bit nature of the registers).\n        // The carry flag (VF) is set to 1 if there is no borrow (i.e., Vy is greater\n        // than or equal to Vx), and it is set to 0 if there is a borrow.\n\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xa0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0xab).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // expect the result to be 0x0b\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0x0b);\n        // expect the vf register to be set to 1 as there was overflow\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x0);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xab).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0xa0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // expect the result to be 11110101, -0xB, -11, 245, 0xF5\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0xf5);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x1);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn shl_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 8xyE - SHL Vx {, Vy}\n        // Set Vx = Vx SHL 1.\n        //\n        // If the most-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise to 0. Then Vx is multiplied by 2.\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0b00100000).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x1, 0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0b01000000);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x0);\n\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0b10101010).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x1, 0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0b01010100);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x1);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_f_vx_test() {\n        // Fx29 - LD F, Vx\n        // Set I = location of sprite for digit Vx.\n        //\n        // The value of I is set to the location for the hexadecimal sprite corresponding to the value of Vx. See section 2.4, Display, for more information on the Chip-8 hexadecimal font.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        // target_sprite = 2\n        // target_offset = 0x5\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 0x5);\n\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x6).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 25);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_b_vx_test() {\n        // Fx33 - LD B, Vx\n        // Store BCD representation of Vx in memory locations I, I+1, and I+2.\n        //\n        // The interpreter takes the decimal value of Vx, and places the hundreds digit\n        // in memory at location in I, the tens digit at location I+1,\n        // and the ones digit at location I+2.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n\n        // load the value 123 (0x7b)\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x7b).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // set I to 0x500\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x500).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        ;\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x500), 0x1);\n        assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x501), 0x2);\n        assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x502), 0x3);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_i_vx_test() {\n        // Store registers V0 through Vx in memory starting at location I.\n        //\n        // The interpreter copies the values of registers V0 through Vx into memory,\n        // starting at the address in I.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n\n        // Load Registers.\n        let to_load = [0xab, 0xba, 0xca, 0xca, 0xbe, 0xef];\n        for (idx, val) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            x.registers.poke(idx as u8, *val);\n        }\n        x.registers.poke_i(0x500);\n\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(to_load.len() as u16).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // Verify the values are in memory from 0x500 to 0x507\n        for (idx, value) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x500 + idx as u16), *value);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_i_test() {\n        // Read registers V0 through Vx from memory starting at location I.\n        //\n        // The interpreter reads values from memory starting at location I into registers V0 through Vx.\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n\n        let base_offset = 0x500;\n        let to_load = [0xab, 0xba, 0xca, 0xca, 0xbe, 0xef];\n\n        // start by setting values in memory\n        for (idx, memory) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            let target_address = base_offset + idx;\n            let target_value = *memory;\n            x.memory.poke(target_address as u16, target_value);\n        }\n        // where to load from\n        x.registers.poke_i(0x500);\n        // how much to load\n        x.registers.poke(0x0, to_load.len() as u8);\n\n        // then copying them values memory to registers\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(0x0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // now check that we have the right values in our registers\n        for (idx, value) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(idx as u8), *value);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn Sknkpvx_test() {\n        // ExA1 - SKNP Vx\n        // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is not pressed.\n        //\n        // Checks the keyboard,\n        // and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the up position,\n        // PC is increased by 2.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.keypad.push_key(0x5);\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n\n        x.keypad.release_key(0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn skpvx_test() {\n        // Ex9E - SKP Vx\n        // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is pressed.\n        //\n        // Checks the keyboard, and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the down position, PC is increased by 2.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.keypad.push_key(0x5);\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n\n        x.keypad.release_key(0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn draw_nibble_vx_vy_n_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        let x_register = 0x1;\n        let y_register = 0x2;\n        let x_offset = 1;\n        let y_offset = 2;\n        let char_offset = 0x0A;\n\n        // now lets set the X and Y to 1,2\n        x.registers.poke(x_register, x_offset);\n        x.registers.poke(y_register, y_offset);\n        x.registers.poke_i(char_offset);\n        // we are using 5 rows.\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x_register as u16, y_register as u16, 5).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // now check that video memory has the values at\n        // 1,2-\u003e1,9\n        // 2,2-\u003e2,9\n        // 3,2-\u003e3,9\n        // 4,2-\u003e4,9\n        // 5,2-\u003e5,9\n      //  let byte_to_check = CHIP8FONT_0[0];\n        for row_in_sprite in 0..5 {\n            let row_data = CHIP8FONT_2[row_in_sprite];\n            for bit_in_byte in 0..8 {\n                let data_offset = (x_offset\n                     as u16 + row_in_sprite as u16) * 64 + (bit_in_byte + y_offset) as u16;\n                let real_bit_in_byte = 7-bit_in_byte;\n                let shifted_one = 0x01 \u003c\u003c real_bit_in_byte;\n                let one_shift_set = (shifted_one \u0026 row_data  )\u003e 0;\n                println!(\"ROWDATA = \\t\\t[{row_data:08b}]\\tBIT IN BYTE = \\t[{bit_in_byte}]\\tONE_SHIFT_SET = [{one_shift_set}]\\tSHIFTED ONE = [{shifted_one:08b}]\");\n                println!(\"DATA_OFFSET FOR SOURCE DATA {}x{} is {} / offset by {}x{} and should be {} working with byte {:08b}\",\n                         bit_in_byte, row_in_sprite, data_offset, x_offset, y_offset, one_shift_set, row_data);\n                //          assert_eq!(should_be_set, );\n                assert_eq!(one_shift_set, x.video_memory.peek(data_offset as u16));\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sub_test() {\n        // 2nnn\n        // Call a subroutine at 2nnn\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x124).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x124);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 1);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x564).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x564);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 2);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ret_test() {\n        // Return from a subroutine.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.stack.push(\u00260x132);\n        x.stack.push(\u00260xabc);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::RET.execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xabc);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 1);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::RET.execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x132);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 0);\n    }\n\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ldvxk_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert!(matches!(x.state, WaitingForKey));\n    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imgui::Key;\nuse ratatui::{\n    style::{Style, Stylize},\n    widgets::Widget,\n};\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Keypad {\n    keys: [bool; 0x10],\n}\n\nimpl Default for Keypad {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Keypad {\n            keys: [ false; 16]\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Keypad {\n    pub fn push_key(\u0026mut self, key_index: u8) {\n        self.keys[key_index as usize] = true;\n    }\n\n    pub fn release_key(\u0026mut self, key_index: u8) {\n        self.keys[key_index as usize] = false;\n    }\n\n    pub fn key_state(\u0026self, key_index: u8) -\u003e bool {\n        self.keys[key_index as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Keypad {\n        Keypad::default()\n    }\n\n    pub fn pressed(\u0026self, key: u8) -\u003e bool {\n        self.key_state(key)\n    }\n    pub fn released(\u0026self, key: u8) -\u003e bool {\n        !self.key_state(key)\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn keys_check() {\n        let mut k = Keypad::new();\n\n        for i in 0..16 {\n            assert!(!k.key_state(i));\n        }\n\n        // press a key\n        k.push_key(1);\n        k.push_key(2);\n        assert!(k.pressed(1));\n        assert!(k.pressed(2));\n        k.release_key(1);\n        assert!(k.released(1));\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":13,"address":[19749152],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":15,"address":[1406798],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":21,"address":[1406848],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":22,"address":[1406869,1406907],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":25,"address":[1406928],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":26,"address":[1406949,1406987],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":29,"address":[1407008],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":30,"address":[1407029,1407071],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":33,"address":[1407104],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":34,"address":[1407112],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":37,"address":[1407136],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":38,"address":[1407152],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":40,"address":[1407184],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":41,"address":[1407200],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":14,"coverable":14},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","registers.rs"],"content":"use log::debug;\n\n/// Registers.  numbered 1-16 publicly.\n/// Privately using zero base array so -1 to shift from pub to priv.\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Chip8Registers {\n    registers: [u8; 16],\n    i_register: u16,\n    pc: u16,\n    sp: u16\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Registers {\n    pub fn advance_pc(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.pc += 2;\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Registers {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Registers {\n            registers: [0x00; 16],\n            i_register: 0x00,\n            pc: 0x200,\n            sp: 0x100\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Registers {\n    pub fn poke_pc(\u0026mut self, new_pc: u16) {\n        self.pc = new_pc\n    }\n    pub fn peek_i(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        self.i_register\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke_i(\u0026mut self, new_value: u16) {\n        self.i_register = new_value;\n    }\n    pub fn peek(\u0026self, register_number: u8) -\u003e u8 {\n        self.registers[(register_number) as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke(\u0026mut self, register_number: u8, value: u8) {\n        self.registers[(register_number) as usize] = value;\n    }\n\n    pub fn peek_pc(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        self.pc\n    }\n\n    pub fn set_pc(\u0026mut self, new_pc: u16) {\n        self.pc = new_pc\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use crate::chip8::registers::Chip8Registers;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n\n    #[test]\n    fn register_rw_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Registers::default();\n        x.poke(0x0, 0xff);\n        x.poke(0x1, 0xab);\n        assert_eq!(x.peek(0x0), 0xff);\n        assert_eq!(x.peek(0x1), 0xab);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn pc_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Registers::default();\n        x.set_pc(0x300);\n        assert_eq!(x.peek_pc(), 0x300);\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":14,"address":[19740576],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":15,"address":[1402547,1402509],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":20,"address":[1402576],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":22,"address":[1402590],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":31,"address":[1402672],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":32,"address":[1402685],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":34,"address":[1402704],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":35,"address":[1402709],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":38,"address":[1402720],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":39,"address":[1402733],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":41,"address":[1402752],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":42,"address":[1402810,1402773],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":45,"address":[1402832],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":46,"address":[1402902,1402862],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":49,"address":[1402928],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":50,"address":[1402933],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":53,"address":[1402944],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":54,"address":[1402957],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":18,"coverable":18},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","sound_timer.rs"],"content":"use std::{thread, time};\nuse beep::beep;\nuse log::trace;\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct SoundTimer {\n    counter: i32\n}\n\nimpl SoundTimer {\n    pub fn current(\u0026self) -\u003e i32 {\n        self.counter\n    }\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        SoundTimer {\n            counter: 0\n        }\n    }\n    pub fn set_timer(\u0026mut self, new_value: i32) {\n        trace!(\"SETTING SOUND TIMER TO {new_value}\");\n        self.counter = new_value\n    }\n\n    pub fn tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        trace!(\"TICKING SOUND FROM {} to {}\", self.counter, self.counter - 1);\n        if self.counter \u003e 0 {\n            self.counter -= 1;\n            /*\n            todo: this breaks tests.  maybe its wrong?\n            if let good_thread = thread::spawn(|| {\n                beep(440).expect(\"Unable to beep\");\n                thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(500));\n            }).join().unwrap().\n             */\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ticks_reduce_time() {\n        let mut st = SoundTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(100);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 97);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn out_of_ticks_works() {\n        let mut st = SoundTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(0);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 0);\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":11,"address":[1378960],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":12,"address":[1378965],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":19,"address":[1378992],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":20,"address":[1379216,1379094,1379016],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":21,"address":[1379052],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":24,"address":[1379360],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":25,"address":[1379711,1379573,1379458,1379380],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":26,"address":[1379940,1379416],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":27,"address":[1379916,1379942],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":9,"coverable":9},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","stack.rs"],"content":"#[derive(Clone)]\npub struct Chip8Stack {\n    items: Vec\u003cu16\u003e\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Stack {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Stack  {\n            items: vec![],\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Stack {\n    pub fn push(\u0026mut self, new_value: \u0026u16) {\n        if self.depth() == 16 {\n            panic!(\"Stack Overflow\");\n        }\n        self.items.push(*new_value );\n    }\n    pub fn pop(\u0026mut self) -\u003e u16 {\n        if self.items.is_empty() {\n            panic!(\"Stack Underflow\");\n        }\n        self.items.pop().unwrap()\n    }\n    pub fn depth(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        self.items.len() as u16\n    }\n\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Stack {\n            items: vec![]\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use rand::random;\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn push_pop_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n\n        // lets see if we can push and pop a bunch\n        x.push(\u00260xabcu16);\n        x.push(\u00260xcdeu16);\n        x.pop();\n        assert_eq!(x.depth(), 1);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    #[should_panic]\n    fn stack_overflow_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n        for i  in 0..17 {\n            x.push(\u0026i);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    #[should_panic]\n    fn stack_underflow_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n        x.pop();\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn lots_of_subs() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n        let stack_contents = [0x123, 0x321, 0xabc, 0xdef,\n                                      0xbad, 0xbef, 0xfed, 0xcab,\n                                      0xbed, 0xcad, 0xfeb, 0xcab,\n                                      0xfff, 0x000, 0x001];\n        for i in stack_contents {\n            x.push(\u0026i);\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(x.depth(), 15);\n\n        // up to 50 random loops\n        let num_loops: u8 = random::\u003cu8\u003e() % 50;\n        for i in 0..num_loops {\n            let start_count = x.depth();\n            let num_pop = random::\u003cu8\u003e() % x.depth() as u8;\n            for current_pop in 0..num_pop {\n                x.pop();\n            }\n\n            let post_pop_count = x.depth();\n            assert_eq!(post_pop_count as u8, start_count as u8 - num_pop);\n            for current_push in 0..num_pop {\n                x.push(\u0026stack_contents[(current_push + post_pop_count as u8) as usize]);\n            }\n            assert_eq!(x.depth(), 15);\n        }\n\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":7,"address":[19701632],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":9,"address":[1386301],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":15,"address":[1386352],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":16,"address":[1386376],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":17,"address":[1386387],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":19,"address":[1386442],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":21,"address":[1386464],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":22,"address":[1386478],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":23,"address":[1386550],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":25,"address":[1386493],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":27,"address":[1386608],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":28,"address":[1386613],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":31,"address":[1386624],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":33,"address":[1386637],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}}],"covered":14,"coverable":14},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","system_memory.rs"],"content":"use glium::RawUniformValue::Vec2;\nuse image::load;\nuse imgui::sys::ImColor;\nuse imgui::{ImColor32, Ui};\nuse log::{debug, trace};\nuse ratatui::{style::Style, widgets::Widget};\n\nuse crate::constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};\n\npub const CHIP8_PROGRAM_LOAD_OFFSET: i32 = 0x200;\npub const CHIP8FONT_0: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_1: [u8; 5] = [0x20, 0x60, 0x20, 0x20, 0x70];\npub const CHIP8FONT_2: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_3: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_4: [u8; 5] = [0x90, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0x10];\npub const CHIP8FONT_5: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_6: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_7: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x40];\npub const CHIP8FONT_8: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_9: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_A: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0x90];\npub const CHIP8FONT_B: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_C: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_D: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_E: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_F: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80];\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Chip8SystemMemory {\n    memory: [u8; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize],\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8SystemMemory {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n\n        let mut x = Chip8SystemMemory {\n            memory: [0x00; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize],\n        };\n\n        x.load_fonts_to_memory();\n        x\n    }\n}\n\nconst cell_width: i32 = 5i32;\nconst cell_height: i32 = 5i32;\n\nimpl Chip8SystemMemory {\n    \n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8SystemMemory {\n            memory: [0x00; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize],\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn peek(self, address: u16) -\u003e u8 {\n        trace!(\"PEEK: {} / {}\", address, self.memory[address as usize].clone());\n        self.memory[address as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke(\u0026mut self, address: u16, value: u8)  {\n        trace!(\"POKE: {} / {} to {}\", address, self.memory[address as usize], value);\n        self.memory[address as usize] = value;\n    }\n\n    pub fn load_program(\u0026mut self, program_to_load: Box\u003cVec\u003cu8\u003e\u003e) {\n        for load_index in 0..program_to_load.len() {\n            self.poke((load_index + 0x200) as u16, program_to_load[load_index]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn load_fonts_to_memory(\u0026mut self) {\n        let all_font_characters = [\n            CHIP8FONT_0,\n            CHIP8FONT_1,\n            CHIP8FONT_2,\n            CHIP8FONT_3,\n            CHIP8FONT_4,\n            CHIP8FONT_5,\n            CHIP8FONT_6,\n            CHIP8FONT_7,\n            CHIP8FONT_8,\n            CHIP8FONT_9,\n            CHIP8FONT_A,\n            CHIP8FONT_B,\n            CHIP8FONT_C,\n            CHIP8FONT_D,\n            CHIP8FONT_E,\n            CHIP8FONT_F,\n        ];\n\n        for (font_index, current_font) in all_font_characters.iter().enumerate() {\n            for font_mem_offset in 0..=4 {\n                let real_offset = font_index * 5 + font_mem_offset;\n                self.poke(real_offset as u16, current_font[font_mem_offset]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn model_smoke() {\n        let m = Chip8SystemMemory::default();\n        for i in 0..5 {\n            assert_eq!(m.peek(i), CHIP8FONT_0[i as usize]);\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(m.peek((CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE - 1) as u16), 0);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn known_data_loaded_correctly() {\n        let to_load = [ 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05 , 0x06 ];\n        let mut x = Chip8SystemMemory::default();\n\n        for (index, value) in [1..10].iter().enumerate() {\n            assert_ne!(x.peek(0), 0x01);\n            x.poke(0, 0x01);\n            assert_eq!(x.peek(0), 0x01);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn verify_load_program() {\n        // first line of 1-chip-logo.ch8\n        let program_to_load = [0x00e0, 0x6101, 0x6008, 0xa250, 0xd01f, 0x6010, 0xa25f, 0xd01f];\n\n        let mut x = Chip8SystemMemory::new();\n\n        \n    }\n}\n","traces":[{"line":34,"address":[19737088],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":37,"address":[1403068],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":40,"address":[1403111],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":41,"address":[1403126],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":50,"address":[1403168],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":52,"address":[1403197],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":56,"address":[1403248],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":57,"address":[1403482,1403354,1403268,1403632],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":58,"address":[1403846,1403299,1403862],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":61,"address":[1403888],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":62,"address":[1404136,1404358,1404008,1403922],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}},{"line":63,"address":[1403953,1404628,1404608],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}},{"line":66,"address":[19739061,19738720],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":67,"address":[1404745,1404678,1404863],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[1404881],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":72,"address":[1405024],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":73,"address":[1405044],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":92,"address":[1405385,1405551],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}},{"line":93,"address":[1405593],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":94,"address":[1405757,1405847],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":95,"address":[1405839,1405883],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}}],"covered":18,"coverable":21},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","util.rs"],"content":"pub struct InstructionUtil {}\n\nimpl InstructionUtil {\n    pub fn byte_to_bools(to_convert: u8) -\u003e [bool; 8] {\n        let mut return_values = [false; 8];\n        for i in 0..8 {\n            let new_value = to_convert \u003e\u003e i \u0026 0x1 == 1;\n            return_values[i as usize] = new_value;\n        }\n        return_values\n    }\n\n    pub fn bools_to_byte(to_convert: [bool; 8]) -\u003e u8 {\n        let mut return_value = 0u8;\n        for i in 0..to_convert.len() {\n            let new_bit = 0x1 \u003c\u003c i;\n            if to_convert[i] {\n                return_value = return_value | new_bit\n            }\n        }\n        return_value\n    }\n\n    pub fn split_bytes(to_split: u16) -\u003e (u8, u8) {\n        let high = to_split.rotate_left(8) as u8;\n        let low = (to_split \u0026 0xff) as u8;\n\n        (high, low)\n    }\n\n    pub fn join_bytes(high: u8, low: u8) -\u003e u16 {\n        let result = (high as u16) \u003c\u003c 8 | low as u16;\n        result\n    }\n\n    // nnn or addr - A 12-bit value, the lowest 12 bits of the instruction\n    pub fn read_addr_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x0FFF\n    }\n\n    // n or nibble - A 4-bit value, the lowest 4 bits of the instruction\n    pub fn read_nibble_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x000F\n    }\n\n    // x - A 4-bit value, the lower 4 bits of the high byte of the instruction\n    pub fn read_x_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x0F00).rotate_right(8)\n    }\n\n    // y - A 4-bit value, the upper 4 bits of the low byte of the instruction\n    pub fn read_y_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x00F0).rotate_right(4)\n    }\n\n    // kk or byte - An 8-bit value, the lowest 8 bits of the instruction\n    pub fn read_byte_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x00FF)\n    }\n\n    pub fn read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (to_read_from \u0026 0x0f00) \u003e\u003e 8\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn split_bytes() {\n        // from 0xABCD we should have AB high, CD low\n        let (low, high) = InstructionUtil::split_bytes(0xabcd);\n        assert_eq!(low, 0xAB);\n        assert_eq!(high, 0xCD);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn join_bytes() {\n        // from 0xAB low and 0xCD high we get 0xABCD\n        let merged = InstructionUtil::join_bytes(0xcd, 0xab);\n        assert_eq!(merged, 0xcdab);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn read_from_instruction() {\n        // from 0xABCD\n        let source = 0xABCD;\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_addr_from_instruction(source), 0xBCD);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_nibble_from_instruction(source), 0xD);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_x_from_instruction(source), 0xB);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_y_from_instruction(source), 0xC);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_byte_from_instruction(source), 0xCD);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ubln() {\n        // from 0xABCD we should see B\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(0xABCD), 0xB);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(0x0123), 0x1);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(0x0000), 0x0);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn byte_to_bool_changes() {\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b00000000), [false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b11111111), [true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b11001100), [false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b11110000), [false, false, false, false, true, true, true, true]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false]), 0b00000000);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true]), 0b11111111);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true]), 0b11001100);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([false, false, false, false, true, true, true, true]), 0b11110000);\n    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log::debug;\nuse ratatui::prelude::*;\nuse ratatui::{layout::Rect, style::Style, widgets::Widget};\nuse crate::chip8::computer::Chip8Computer;\nuse crate::constants::CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY;\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Chip8Video {\n    memory: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY],\n    pub has_frame_changed: bool\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Video {\n    pub fn cls(\u0026mut self)  {\n        for i in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            self.memory[i] = false;\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn start_frame(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.has_frame_changed = false;\n    }\n\n    pub fn new(initial_configuration: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY]) -\u003e Self {\n        Self {\n            memory: initial_configuration,\n            has_frame_changed: false\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn peek(self, address: u16) -\u003e bool {\n        self.memory[address as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke(\u0026mut self, address: u16, new_value: bool) -\u003e Self {\n        let col = address % 64;\n        let row = address / 32;\n        let offset = col * 64 + row;\n        println!(\"OFFSET: {offset} - POKING {new_value} to {address} at {col} x {row}\");\n        let old_value = self.memory[address as usize];\n        if old_value != new_value {\n            println!(\"**VIDEO** TOGGLING {new_value} TO {address} / {col}x{row}\");\n            self.has_frame_changed = true;\n        }\n        self.memory[address as usize] = new_value;\n        self.to_owned()\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke_byte(\u0026mut self, first_address: u16, to_write: u8) -\u003e Self  {\n        for i in (0..8).rev() {\n           let shifted = ((1 \u003c\u003c i) \u0026 to_write) \u003e\u003e i;\n            //\n            let target_address = first_address + (7 - i);\n            let is_set = shifted == 1;\n           self.poke(target_address, is_set);\n        }\n        self.to_owned()\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke_sprite(\u0026mut self, first_address: u16, to_write: Vec\u003cu8\u003e) -\u003e Self {\n        let sprite_length = to_write.len();\n\n        for (index, byte) in to_write.iter().enumerate() {\n            let real_address = index * 64;\n            self.poke_byte(real_address as u16, *byte);\n        }\n        self.to_owned()\n    }\n\n    pub fn format_as_string(self) -\u003e String {\n        let mut output = String::new();\n        for row in 0..32 {\n            let row_offset = row * 64;\n            for column in 0..64 {\n                let data_position = row_offset + column;\n                output += if self.memory[data_position] {\n                    println!(\"DOT AT OFFSET:{row_offset} {row}x{column} {data_position:03x}/{data_position}\");\n                    \"*\"\n                } else {\n                    \" \"\n                };\n            }\n            output += \"\\n\";\n        }\n      //  println!(\"{}\", output);\n        output\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Video {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Self { memory: [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY as usize], has_frame_changed: false }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use std::fs::File;\n    use std::io::Read;\n    use crate::chip8::system_memory::CHIP8FONT_0;\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn default_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n\n        for i in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            assert!(!x.peek(i as u16));\n            // then flip the value and test again.\n            \u0026x.poke(i as u16, true);\n            assert!(x.peek(i as u16));\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn string_test_1() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n        let mut working_string = String::new();\n        for i in 0..32 {\n            working_string += \u0026*(\" \".repeat(64) + \"\\n\");\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(working_string, x.format_as_string());\n\n        let mut working_string = String::new();\n        // set a checkerboard...\n        for cb_row in 0..32 {\n            for cb_col in 0..64 {\n                let data_offset = cb_row * 64 + cb_col;\n                if data_offset % 2 == 0 {\n                    x.poke(data_offset, true);\n                    working_string += \"*\";\n                } else {\n                    x.poke(data_offset, false);\n                    working_string += \" \";\n                }\n            }\n            working_string += \"\\n\";\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(working_string, x.format_as_string());\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn set_initial_memory() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n        // let mut initial_memory = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let mut ws = String::new();\n        // set our checkerboard\n        for cbr in 0..32 {\n            for cbc in 0..64 {\n                let dof = cbr * 64 + cbc;\n                if (dof as i32 % 2) == 0 {\n                    x.poke(dof, true);\n                    ws += \"*\";\n                } else {\n                    ws += \" \";\n                }\n            }\n            ws += \"\\n\";\n        }\n        assert_eq!(x.format_as_string(), ws);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_byte() {\n        let to_poke = 0b11001111;\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n        x.poke_byte(0x05, to_poke);\n        let mut expected = String::new();\n        expected = \"     **  ****                                                   \\n\".to_string();\n        for i in 0..31 {\n            expected += \u0026*(\" \".repeat(64) + \"\\n\");\n        }\n        assert_eq!(x.format_as_string(), expected);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn cls() {\n        let mut initial_memory = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let mut ws = String::new();\n        // set our checkerboard\n        for cbr in 0..32 {\n            for cbc in 0..64 {\n                let dof = cbr * 64 + cbc;\n                if (dof as i32 % 2) == 0 {\n                    initial_memory[dof] = true;\n                }\n                ws += \" \";\n            }\n            ws += \"\\n\";\n        }\n        let mut set_x = Chip8Video::new(initial_memory);\n        set_x.cls();\n        assert_eq!(set_x.format_as_string(), ws);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_byte_test() {\n        let to_poke = 0b10101010;\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        v.poke_byte(0x00, to_poke);\n        assert!(v.peek(0x00));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x02));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x04));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x06));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x01));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x03));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x05));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x07));\n        for i in 0x8..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            assert!(!v.peek(i as u16));\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_multi_line_test() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        let to_poke = [\n            0b00000000,\n            0b11111111,\n            0b10101010,\n            0b01010101\n        ];\n\n        for (byte_in_set, byte_to_poke) in to_poke.iter().enumerate() {\n            let base_offset = byte_in_set * 64;\n           v.poke_byte(base_offset as u16, *byte_to_poke);\n        }\n\n        // row 2 column 1\n        {\n            assert!(v.peek(0x40));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x41));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x42));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x43));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x44));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x45));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x46));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x47));\n\n            // row 3 column 1\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC0));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC1));\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC2));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC3));\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC4));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC5));\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC6));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC7));\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn moved_poke_test() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        let to_poke = [\n            0b00000000,\n            0b11111111,\n            0b10101010,\n            0b01010101\n        ];\n\n        let x_offset = 20;\n        let y_offset = 5;\n\n\n        for (byte_in_set, byte_to_poke) in to_poke.iter().enumerate() {\n            let base_offset = (x_offset + byte_in_set) * 64 + y_offset;\n            v.poke_byte(base_offset as u16, *byte_to_poke);\n        }\n\n        let test_offset = (x_offset * 64 + y_offset) as u16;\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 1));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 2));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 3));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 4));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 5));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 6));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 7));\n\n        let test_offset= test_offset + 0x40;\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 1));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 2));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 3));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 4));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 5));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 6));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 7));\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_sprite_test() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        let to_poke = [\n            0b00000000,\n            0b11111111,\n            0b10101010,\n            0b01010101\n        ];\n\n        v.poke_sprite(0x00, to_poke.into());\n\n        assert!(v.peek(0x40));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x41));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x42));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x43));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x44));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x45));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x46));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x47));\n\n        // row 3 column 1\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC0));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC1));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC2));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC3));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC4));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC5));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC6));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC7));\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn verify_change_registered() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        v.poke(0x01, true);\n        assert!(v.has_frame_changed);\n\n        v.start_frame();\n        assert!(!v.has_frame_changed);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn write_checkboard() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        for i in 0..(CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY / 8) {\n            v.poke_byte((i * 8) as u16, 0b10101010);\n        }\n\n        println!(\"{}\", v.format_as_string());\n        println!(\"fsck is a cool tool\");\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn zero_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n\n        x.poke_byte(0x00, CHIP8FONT_0[0]);\n        x.poke_byte(0x08, CHIP8FONT_0[1]);\n        x.poke_byte(0x10, CHIP8FONT_0[2]);\n        x.poke_byte(0x18, CHIP8FONT_0[3]);\n        x.poke_byte(0x20, CHIP8FONT_0[4]);\n\n        println!(\"SHOULD HAVE 0 AT ORIGIN\");\n        println!(\"{}\", x.format_as_string());\n\n        let mut buf: Vec\u003cu8\u003e = vec![];\n      //  let read_file_size = File::open(\"../resources/test/test_video_zero.asc\").unwrap().read_to_end(\u0026mut buf).unwrap();\n\n       // println!(\"READ {read_file_size} bytes.\");\n       // assert_eq!(String::from_utf8_lossy(\u0026buf), x.format_as_string());\n    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const CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT: i32 = 16;\npub const CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE: i32 = 4096i32;\npub const CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH: i32 = 64i32;\npub const CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT: i32 = 32i32;\npub const CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY: usize = (CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT * CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH) as usize;\npub const CHIP8_ROM_SIZE: usize = 512;\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","lib.rs"],"content":"pub mod chip8 {\n    pub mod video;\n    pub mod sound_timer;\n    pub mod delay_timer;\n    pub mod keypad;\n    pub mod computer;\n    pub mod system_memory;\n    pub mod instructions;\n    pub mod cpu_states;\n    pub mod util;\n    pub mod registers;\n\n    pub mod stack;\n}\n\npub mod constants;","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0}]};
+        var data = {"files":[{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","chip8_constants.rs"],"content":"\npub const CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE: u16 = 0x1000;\npub const CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE_USIZE: usize = 0x1000;\n\npub const FONT_0: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_1: [u8; 5] = [0x20, 0x60, 0x20, 0x20, 0x70];\npub const FONT_2: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_3: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_4: [u8; 5] = [0x90, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0x10];\npub const FONT_5: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_6: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_7: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x40];\npub const FONT_8: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_9: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_A: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0x90];\npub const FONT_B: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const FONT_C: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_D: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const FONT_E: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_F: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xf0, 0x80, 0x80];\n\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","chip8_mnemonics.rs"],"content":"use bitmask::bitmask;\n\nuse crate::{chip8_constants::CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, parts::Display::Chip8Display};\n\nenum Chip8StartOffset {\n    STANDARD,\n    ETI600,\n    OTHER,\n}\n\nstruct Chip8Registers {\n    V: [u8; 16],\n    I: u16,\n    DelayTimer: u16,\n    SoundTimer: u16,\n    StackPointer: u8,\n    ProgramCounter: u16,\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Registers {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Registers {\n            DelayTimer: 60,\n            V: [\n                0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n                0x00, 0x00,\n            ],\n            I: 0x00,\n            SoundTimer: 60,\n            StackPointer: 255,\n            ProgramCounter: 0x200,\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nenum Chip8Instruction {\n    SYS(u16),\n    CLS,\n    RET,\n    JMP(u16),\n    CALL(u16),\n    SNEQ(u8, u16),\n    SNNE(u8, u8),\n    SNRE(u8, u8),\n    STOR(u8, u16),\n    ADD(u8, u16),\n    MOV(u8, u8),\n    OR(u8, u8),\n    AND(u8, u8),\n    XOR(u8, u8),\n    ADC(u8, u8),\n    SBC(u8, u8),\n    RSR(u8, u8),\n    LSR(u8, u8),\n    SNE(u8, u8),\n    STO(i16),\n    JMPI(u16),\n    RND(u8, u8),\n    SETD(u8),\n    SETT(u8),\n    BCD(u8),\n}\n\nenum Chip8Keys {\n    KEY0,\n    KEY1,\n    KEY2,\n    KEY3,\n    KEY4,\n    KEY5,\n    KEY6,\n    KEY7,\n    KEY8,\n    KEY9,\n    KEYA,\n    KEYB,\n    KEYC,\n    KEYD,\n    KEYE,\n    KEYF,\n}\n\npub fn display_video_memory(system_memory: [u8; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize]) {\n    // Assumes memory addresses from\n}\n\nconst ZERO: u16 = 0b0000000000000000;\nconst BOTTOM_BYTE: u16 = 0b0000000011111111;\nconst TOP_BYTE: u16 = 0b1111111100000000;\nconst NIBBLE0: u16 = 0b1111000000000000;\nconst NIBBLE1: u16 = 0b0000111100000000;\nconst NIBBLE2: u16 = 0b0000000011110000;\nconst NIBBLE3: u16 = 0b0000000000001111;\nconst NIBBLE0_BALANCE: u16 = 0x0FFF;\nconst PMSK_0000: i16 = 0x0000;\nconst PMSK_00X0: i16 = 0x00F0;\nconst PMSK_0X00: i16 = 0x0F00;\nconst PMSK_0XXX: i16 = 0x0FFF;\n\n// AND against the possible operand to find which one we have\nbitmask! {\n    mask Chip8Instructions: u16 where flags Chip8InstructionFlags {\n        SYS       = 0x00,\n        CLR       = 0b0000000011100000,\n        RTS       = 0b0000000011101110,\n        JUMP      = 0b0001000000000000,\n        CALL      = 0b0010000000000000,\n        SKE       = 0b0011000000000000,\n        SKNE      = 0b0100000000000000,\n        SKRE      = 0b0101000000000000,\n        LOAD      = 0b0110000000000000,\n        ADD       = 0b0111000000000000,\n        MOVE      = 0b1000000000000000,\n        OR        = 0b1000000000000001,\n        AND       = 0b1000000000000010,\n        XOR       = 0b1000000000000011,\n        ADDR      = 0b1000000000000100,\n        SUB       = 0b1000000000000101,\n        SHR       = 0b1000000000000110,\n        SHL       = 0b1000000000001110,\n        SKRNE     = 0b1001000000000000,\n        LOADI     = 0b1010000000000000,\n        JUMPI     = 0b1011000000000000,\n        RAND      = 0b1100000000000000,\n        DRAW      = 0b1101000000000000,\n        SKPR      = 0b1110000000001110,\n        SKUP      = 0b1111000010100001,\n        MOVED     = 0b1111000000000111, \n        KEYD      = 0b1111000000001010,  \n        LOADD     = 0b1111000000010101,  \n        LOADS     = 0b1111000000011000, \n        ADDI      = 0b1111000000011110, \n        LDSPR     = 0b1111000000101001,  \n        BCD       = 0b1111000000110011, \n        STOR      = 0b1111000001010101,  \n        MEMCPY    = 0b1111000001100101   \n    }\n}\n\nenum Chip8Asm {\n    SYS(u16),\n    CLR(),\n    RTS(),\n    JUMP(u16),\n    CALL(u16),\n    SKE(u8, u8),\n    SKNE(u8, u8),\n    SKRE(u8, u8),\n    LOAD(u8, u8),\n    ADD(u8, u8),\n    MOVE(u8, u8),\n    OR(u8, u8),\n    AND(u8, u8),\n    XOR(u8, u8),\n    ADDR(u8, u8),\n    SUB(u8, u8),\n    SHR(u8, u8),\n    SHL(u8, u8),\n    SKRNE(u8, u8),\n    LOADI(u16),\n    JUMPI(u16),\n    RAND(u8, u8),\n    DRAW(u8, u8, u8),\n    SKPR(u8),\n    SKUP(u8),\n    MOVED(u8),\n    KEYD(u8),\n    LOADD(u8),\n    LOADS(u8),\n    ADDI(u8),\n    LDSPR(u8),\n    BCD(u8),\n    STOR(u8),\n    READ(u8),\n}\n\nstruct Chip8Cpu {}\n\nstruct Chip8System {\n    registers: Chip8Registers,\n    system_memory: [u8; 2048]\n}\n\nimpl Chip8System {\n    pub fn tick(mut self) {\n        println!(\" Ticking Chip8System\");\n\n        let next_instruction = self.system_memory[self.registers.ProgramCounter as usize] as u16;\n        println!(\"READ INSTRUCTION {next_instruction}\");\n        self.registers.ProgramCounter += 0x2;\n\n        \u0026self.delay_timer_tick();\n        \u0026self.sound_timer_tick();\n\n        // self.screen.tick();\n    }\n\n    fn delay_timer_tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.registers.DelayTimer = self.registers.DelayTimer - 1;\n\n    }\n\n    fn sound_timer_tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.registers.SoundTimer = self.registers.SoundTimer - 1;\n\n    }\n}\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","lib.rs"],"content":"pub mod chip8_mnemonics;\npub mod chip8_constants;\n\npub mod parts {\n    pub mod CPU;\n    pub mod Display;\n    pub mod Keyboard;\n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","parts","CPU.rs"],"content":"struct Chip8Registers {\n\n}\n\n\nimpl Chip8Registers {\n    pub fn tick(self: \u0026Self) {\n        println!(\"Ticking Registers\");\n    }\n}\n\npub struct Chip8InstructionParameter {\n   pub mask: u16\n}\n\npub struct Chip8Instruction {\n    pub id: String,\n    pub mask: u16,\n    pub pattern: u16,\n    pub arguments: Vec\u003cChip8InstructionParameter\u003e,\n    pub description: Box\u003cstr\u003e\n}\n\npub fn fill_chip8_instructions() -\u003e [Chip8Instruction; 34] {\n    [\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SYS\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x00,\n            pattern: 0x00,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0FFF\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Execute method at address referenced by parameter\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"CLR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x00E0,\n            pattern: 0x00E0,\n            arguments: vec![],\n            description: \"Clear the Screen\".into()\n },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RET\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x00EE,\n            pattern: 0x00EE,\n            arguments: vec![],\n            description: \"Return from Subroutine\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JMP\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x1FFF,\n            pattern: 0x1000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0fff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump to specified location\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SEQ\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x3FFF,\n            pattern: 0x3000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Skip next instruction if Register does equal parameter\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SNE\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x4FFF,\n            pattern: 0x4000,\n            arguments: vec! [\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Skip next instruction if Register doesn't equal parameter\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SREQ\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x5FF0,\n            pattern: 0x5000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"STO\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x6FFF,\n            pattern: 0x6000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Store value into register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"ADD\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x7FFF,\n            pattern: 0x7000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Add value in register 0x0f00 with value 0x00ff\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"CPY\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF0,\n            pattern: 0x8000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Copy value between Register X and Y\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"OR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF1,\n            pattern: 0x8001,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Logical OR of registers placing result in first register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"AND\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF2,\n            pattern: 0x8002,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Logical AND of registers placing result in first register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"XOR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF3,\n            pattern: 0x8003,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Logical XOR of registers placing result in first register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"ADC\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF4,\n            pattern: 0x8004,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Add 2 Registers with carry flag\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SUBC\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF5,\n            pattern: 0x8005,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Subtract 2 Registers with carry flag\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RSR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF6,\n            pattern: 0x8006,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Register Shifted Right\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SUBC\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF7,\n            pattern: 0x8007,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Subtract 2 Regiters with Carry\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RSL\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FFE,\n            pattern: 0x800E,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Register Shifted Left\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SRNE\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x9FF0,\n            pattern: 0x9000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Skip next instruction if registers not equal\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"LDI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xAFFF,\n            pattern: 0xA000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0fff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load Data from Memory Address\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JMPI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xBFFF,\n            pattern: 0xB000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0fff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump to Memory Address\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RNG\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xCFFF,\n            pattern: 0xC000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n          ],\n            description: \"Random number Generator\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SPR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xDFFF,\n            pattern: 0xD000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x000f\n                }\n                \n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JNK\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xEF9E,\n            pattern: 0xE09E,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump over next instruction if Key Pressed\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JKP\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xEFA1,\n            pattern: 0xE0A1,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump over next instruction if Key Not Pressed\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SDT\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF07,\n            pattern: 0xF007,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0F00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"WKP\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF0A,\n            pattern: 0xF00A,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Wait for a Key to be pressed\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"LDT\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF15,\n            pattern: 0xF015,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load Data Timer\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"LST\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF18,\n            pattern: 0xF018,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load Sound Timer\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"ADDI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF1E,\n            pattern: 0xF01E,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Add register with value at I\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SETI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF29,\n            pattern: 0xF029,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction{\n            id: \"BCD\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF33,\n            pattern: 0xF033,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Binary Coded Decimal of register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction{\n            id: \"MSTO\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF55,\n            pattern: 0xF055,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Store value in register X at offset I\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"MLOAD\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF65,\n            pattern: 0xF065,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load value into register X at offset I\".into()\n        }\n    ]\n}\n\n\nstruct Chip8System {\n\n}\n\nimpl Chip8System {\n    \n}\n\ntrait CpuInstruction {\n    fn execute(input: Chip8System) -\u003e Chip8System;\n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","parts","Display.rs"],"content":"\npub struct Chip8Display {\n    // 64w x 32h\n    pub memory: [bool; 512],\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Display {\n    pub fn tick(self: \u0026Self) {\n        println!(\"Ticking the display\");\n    }\n\n    pub fn render_chip8_display(to_render: Chip8Display) {\n        // 32 rows...\n        for index_row in 0..=32 {\n            // ...64 columns\n            for index_col in 0..=64 {\n                let offset = (index_row * 64) + index_col;\n                if to_render.memory[offset] {\n                    print!(\"*\")\n                } else {\n                    print!(\" \")\n                };\n            }\n            println!();\n        }\n    }\n}\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","parts","Keyboard.rs"],"content":"\n#[derive(Clone)]\nstruct Chip8Keyboard {\n    keys_state: [bool; 16]\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Keyboard {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Self { keys_state: [ \n            false, false, false, false,\n            false, false, false, false,\n            false, false, false, false,\n            false, false, false, false\n        ] }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Keyboard {\n\n    fn display_keyboard_key(self: Self, key_id: u8) {\n        let filler = if self.is_pressed(key_id) { \"*\" } else { \" \" };\n        print!(\"{}{}{}\", filler, key_id, filler)\n    }\n\n    fn display_keyboard_horizontal_line(self: Self, row_values: [u8; 4]) {\n        print!(\"|\");\n        for current in row_values {\n            self.clone().display_keyboard_key(current);\n            print!(\"|\");\n        }\n        println!();\n    } \n\n    fn display_keyboard_seperator_line(self: Self) {\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n\n    }\n\n    pub fn display_keyboard(self: Self) {\n        self.clone().display_keyboard_seperator_line();\n        self.clone().display_keyboard_horizontal_line(\n            [1,2,3,0xC]\n        );\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n        println!(\"| 4 | 5 | 6 | D |\");\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n        println!(\"| 7 | 8 | 9 | E |\");\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n        println!(\"| A | 0 | B | F |\");\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n    }\n    \n    pub fn press_key(self: \u0026mut Self, key_id: u8) {\n        self.keys_state[key_id as usize] = true;\n    }\n\n    pub fn release_key(self: \u0026mut Self, key_id: u8) {\n        self.keys_state[key_id as usize] = false;\n    }\n\n    pub fn is_pressed(self: Self, key_id: u8) -\u003e bool {\n        self.keys_state[key_id as usize]\n    }\n}\n\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n    use super::*;\n    \n    #[test]\n    fn smoke_test() {\n        assert_eq!(true, true);\n    }\n    \n    #[test]\n    fn basic_keyboard_display_works() {\n        let basic_keyboard = Chip8Keyboard::default();\n\n        \n    }\n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","app.rs"],"content":"/*\n\n#[derive(Default)]\npub struct App;\n\nimpl UiBuilder for App {\n    fn do_ui(\u0026mut self, ui: \u0026Ui\u003cSelf\u003e) {\n        #[cfg(feature = \"docking\")]\n        {\n            ui.dock_space_over_viewport(0, imgui::DockNodeFlags::None);\n        }\n        ui.show_demo_window(None);\n\n    }\n}*/","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","gui","display.rs"],"content":"use winit::{application::ApplicationHandler, event_loop::ActiveEventLoop, window::{Window, WindowAttributes}};\n\n/*\npub struct Chip8Display {\n    pub window: MainWindowWithRenderer,\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Display {\n    pub fn new(event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) -\u003e Chip8Display {\n        Chip8Display { window: MainWindowWithRenderer::new(\n            MainWindow::new::\u003c()\u003e(\u0026event_loop, Window::default_attributes().with_title(\"Chip8 Display\")).unwrap())\n         }\n    }\n\n    pub fn render\u003cM\u003e(ui: \u0026Ui\u003cM\u003e) {\n        \n    }\n}\n\nimpl UiBuilder for Chip8AppHandler {\n    fn do_ui(\u0026mut self, ui: \u0026Ui\u003cSelf\u003e) {\n\n        ui.text(\"This is where the Chip8 UI Goes\");\n        ui.text(\"Controls for Start/Stop/Load/Run Maybe?\");\n\n\n    }\n}\n\n#[derive(Default)]\npub struct Chip8AppHandler {\n    pub windows: Vec\u003cMainWindowWithRenderer\u003e,\n  //   pub display: Chip8Display\n}\n\nimpl ApplicationHandler for Chip8AppHandler {\n    fn suspended(\u0026mut self, _event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) {\n        self.windows.clear();\n    }\n\n    fn resumed(\u0026mut self, event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) {\n        self.windows.push(Chip8Display::new(event_loop).window);\n    }\n\n    fn window_event(\n        \u0026mut self,\n        event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop,\n        window_id: winit::window::WindowId,\n        event: winit::event::WindowEvent,\n    ) {\n        for window in \u0026mut self.windows {\n            if window.main_window().window().id() != window_id {\n                continue;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    fn new_events(\u0026mut self, _event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop, _cause: winit::event::StartCause) {\n        for window in \u0026mut self.windows {\n            window.new_events();\n        }\n    }\n    fn about_to_wait(\u0026mut self, _event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) {\n        for window in \u0026mut self.windows {\n            window.about_to_wait();\n        }\n    }\n\n}\n*/","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","lib.rs"],"content":"pub mod app;\n\npub mod gui {\n    pub mod display;\n}\n\npub mod support;","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","main.rs"],"content":"use trevors_chip8_core::parts::CPU::fill_chip8_instructions;\nuse trevors_chip8_toy::support;\nuse winit::{event::WindowEvent, event_loop::EventLoop};\n\nuse imgui::*;\n/*\npub fn display_instruction_table(current_index: u32, ui: \u0026Ui\u003cApp\u003e) -\u003e u32 {\n        let to_display = fill_chip8_instructions();\n    let mut return_index = current_index;\n    let current_instruction = to_display.get(return_index as usize).unwrap();\n    ui.text(\"Instructions\");\n    ui.set_next_item_width(100f32);\n    ui.with_group(|| {\n        ui.text(format!(\"{}\", current_instruction.description).as_str());\n        if current_instruction.arguments.is_empty() {\n            ui.text(\"No Parameters\");\n        } else {\n            for current_parameter in current_instruction.arguments {\n                ui.text(format!(\"{}\", current_parameter.mask).as_str());\n            }\n        }\n        ui.text(format!(\"{:#}\", current_instruction.arguments).as_str());\n        ui.text(\"This is where cool stuff happens part 2\");\n    });\n    ui.same_line();\n    ui.with_group(|| {\n        for (index, current) in to_display.iter().enumerate() {\n            if ui\n                .selectable_config(current.id.clone())\n                .selected(index == return_index as usize)\n                .build()\n            {\n                return_index = index as u32;\n            }\n        }\n    });\n    return_index\n}\n*/\n\nfn chip8_instructions(initial_index: u32, ui: \u0026mut Ui) -\u003e u32 {\n    let to_display = fill_chip8_instructions();\n    let mut return_index = initial_index;\n    let instruction_to_display = to_display.get(return_index as usize).unwrap();\n    let instruction_window = ui\n        .window(\"Instructions\")\n        .size([400.0, 400.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n        .build(|| {\n            ui.text(\"This should be my current instruction example\");\n            ui.same_line();\n            ui.set_next_item_width(-1.0f32);\n            for (index, instruction) in to_display.iter().enumerate() {\n                if ui\n                    .selectable_config(instruction.id.to_string())\n                    .selected(index as u32 == return_index)\n                    .build()\n                {\n                    return_index = index as u32;\n                    println!(\"RETURN INDEX {return_index}\");\n                }\n            }\n        });\n    return_index\n}\n\nfn main() {\n    let mut value = 0;\n    let choices = [\"test test this is 1\", \"test test this is 2\"];\n\n    let mut selected_instruction = 0;\n\n    support::simple_init(file!(), move |_, ui| {\n        selected_instruction = chip8_instructions(selected_instruction, ui);\n\n        ui.window(\"Hello world\")\n            .size([300.0, 110.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                ui.text_wrapped(\"Hello world!\");\n                if ui.button(choices[value]) {\n                    value += 1;\n                    value %= 2;\n                }\n\n                ui.button(\"This...is...imgui-rs!\");\n                ui.separator();\n                let mouse_pos = ui.io().mouse_pos;\n                ui.text(format!(\n                    \"Mouse Position: ({:.1},{:.1})\",\n                    mouse_pos[0], mouse_pos[1]\n                ));\n            });\n    });\n}\n/*\nfn main() {\n    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();\n\n    let mut main = AppHandler::\u003cApp\u003e::default();\n    main.attributes().title = String::from(\"Example-420\");\n\n    event_loop.run_app(\u0026mut main).unwrap();\n}\n\n#[derive(Default)]\npub struct App {\n    pub selected_instruction_index: u32,\n}\n\nimpl App {}\n\nimpl Application for App {\n    type UserEvent = ();\n    type Data = ();\n    fn new(_: Args\u003c()\u003e) -\u003e App {\n        App {\n            selected_instruction_index: 0,\n        }\n    }\n    fn window_event(\u0026mut self, args: Args\u003c()\u003e, _event: WindowEvent, res: EventResult) {\n        if res.window_closed {\n            args.event_loop.exit();\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl imgui::UiBuilder for App {\n    fn do_ui(\u0026mut self, ui: \u0026imgui::Ui\u003cSelf\u003e) {\n        #[cfg(feature = \"docking\")]\n        {\n            ui.dock_space_over_viewport(0, imgui::DockNodeFlags::None);\n        }\n\n        let x = ui.collapsing_header_config(\"collapsing header\");\n\n        ui.with_group(|| {\n            self.selected_instruction_index =\n                display_instruction_table(self.selected_instruction_index, ui);\n        });\n\n        ui.show_demo_window(None);\n    }\n}\n*/\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","support","clipboard.rs"],"content":"use copypasta::{ClipboardContext, ClipboardProvider};\nuse imgui::ClipboardBackend;\n\npub struct ClipboardSupport(pub ClipboardContext);\n\npub fn init() -\u003e Option\u003cClipboardSupport\u003e {\n    ClipboardContext::new().ok().map(ClipboardSupport)\n}\n\nimpl ClipboardBackend for ClipboardSupport {\n    fn get(\u0026mut self) -\u003e Option\u003cString\u003e {\n        self.0.get_contents().ok()\n    }\n    fn set(\u0026mut self, text: \u0026str) {\n        // ignore errors?\n        let _ = self.0.set_contents(text.to_owned());\n    }\n}\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","support","mod.rs"],"content":"use glium::glutin::surface::WindowSurface;\nuse glium::{Display, Surface};\nuse imgui::{Context, FontConfig, FontGlyphRanges, FontSource, Ui};\nuse imgui_glium_renderer::Renderer;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::dpi::LogicalSize;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::event::{Event, WindowEvent};\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::event_loop::EventLoop;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::window::WindowBuilder;\nuse imgui_winit_support::{HiDpiMode, WinitPlatform};\nuse std::path::Path;\nuse std::time::Instant;\n\nmod clipboard;\n\npub const FONT_SIZE: f32 = 13.0;\n\n#[allow(dead_code)] // annoyingly, RA yells that this is unusued\npub fn simple_init\u003cF: FnMut(\u0026mut bool, \u0026mut Ui) + 'static\u003e(title: \u0026str, run_ui: F) {\n    init_with_startup(title, |_, _, _| {}, run_ui);\n}\n\npub fn init_with_startup\u003cFInit, FUi\u003e(title: \u0026str, mut startup: FInit, mut run_ui: FUi)\nwhere\n    FInit: FnMut(\u0026mut Context, \u0026mut Renderer, \u0026Display\u003cWindowSurface\u003e) + 'static,\n    FUi: FnMut(\u0026mut bool, \u0026mut Ui) + 'static,\n{\n    let mut imgui = create_context();\n\n    let title = match Path::new(\u0026title).file_name() {\n        Some(file_name) =\u003e file_name.to_str().unwrap(),\n        None =\u003e title,\n    };\n    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().expect(\"Failed to create EventLoop\");\n\n    let builder = WindowBuilder::new()\n        .with_title(title)\n        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(1024, 768));\n    let (window, display) = glium::backend::glutin::SimpleWindowBuilder::new()\n        .set_window_builder(builder)\n        .build(\u0026event_loop);\n    let mut renderer = Renderer::init(\u0026mut imgui, \u0026display).expect(\"Failed to initialize renderer\");\n\n    if let Some(backend) = clipboard::init() {\n        imgui.set_clipboard_backend(backend);\n    } else {\n        eprintln!(\"Failed to initialize clipboard\");\n    }\n\n    let mut platform = WinitPlatform::init(\u0026mut imgui);\n    {\n        let dpi_mode = if let Ok(factor) = std::env::var(\"IMGUI_EXAMPLE_FORCE_DPI_FACTOR\") {\n            // Allow forcing of HiDPI factor for debugging purposes\n            match factor.parse::\u003cf64\u003e() {\n                Ok(f) =\u003e HiDpiMode::Locked(f),\n                Err(e) =\u003e panic!(\"Invalid scaling factor: {}\", e),\n            }\n        } else {\n            HiDpiMode::Default\n        };\n\n        platform.attach_window(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, dpi_mode);\n    }\n\n    let mut last_frame = Instant::now();\n\n    startup(\u0026mut imgui, \u0026mut renderer, \u0026display);\n\n    event_loop\n        .run(move |event, window_target| match event {\n            Event::NewEvents(_) =\u003e {\n                let now = Instant::now();\n                imgui.io_mut().update_delta_time(now - last_frame);\n                last_frame = now;\n            }\n            Event::AboutToWait =\u003e {\n                platform\n                    .prepare_frame(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window)\n                    .expect(\"Failed to prepare frame\");\n                window.request_redraw();\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,\n                ..\n            } =\u003e {\n                let ui = imgui.frame();\n\n                let mut run = true;\n                run_ui(\u0026mut run, ui);\n                if !run {\n                    window_target.exit();\n                }\n\n                let mut target = display.draw();\n                target.clear_color_srgb(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);\n                platform.prepare_render(ui, \u0026window);\n                let draw_data = imgui.render();\n                renderer\n                    .render(\u0026mut target, draw_data)\n                    .expect(\"Rendering failed\");\n                target.finish().expect(\"Failed to swap buffers\");\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::Resized(new_size),\n                ..\n            } =\u003e {\n                if new_size.width \u003e 0 \u0026\u0026 new_size.height \u003e 0 {\n                    display.resize((new_size.width, new_size.height));\n                }\n                platform.handle_event(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, \u0026event);\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,\n                ..\n            } =\u003e window_target.exit(),\n            event =\u003e {\n                platform.handle_event(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, \u0026event);\n            }\n        })\n        .expect(\"EventLoop error\");\n}\n\n/// Creates the imgui context\npub fn create_context() -\u003e imgui::Context {\n    let mut imgui = Context::create();\n    // Fixed font size. Note imgui_winit_support uses \"logical\n    // pixels\", which are physical pixels scaled by the devices\n    // scaling factor. Meaning, 13.0 pixels should look the same size\n    // on two different screens, and thus we do not need to scale this\n    // value (as the scaling is handled by winit)\n    imgui.fonts().add_font(\u0026[\n        FontSource::TtfData {\n            data: include_bytes!(\"../../../resources/Roboto-Regular.ttf\"),\n            size_pixels: FONT_SIZE,\n            config: Some(FontConfig {\n                // As imgui-glium-renderer isn't gamma-correct with\n                // it's font rendering, we apply an arbitrary\n                // multiplier to make the font a bit \"heavier\". With\n                // default imgui-glow-renderer this is unnecessary.\n                rasterizer_multiply: 1.5,\n                // Oversampling font helps improve text rendering at\n                // expense of larger font atlas texture.\n                oversample_h: 4,\n                oversample_v: 4,\n                ..FontConfig::default()\n            }),\n        },\n        FontSource::TtfData {\n            data: include_bytes!(\"../../../resources/mplus-1p-regular.ttf\"),\n            size_pixels: FONT_SIZE,\n            config: Some(FontConfig {\n                // Oversampling font helps improve text rendering at\n                // expense of larger font atlas texture.\n                oversample_h: 4,\n                oversample_v: 4,\n                // Range of glyphs to rasterize\n                glyph_ranges: FontGlyphRanges::japanese(),\n                ..FontConfig::default()\n            }),\n        },\n    ]);\n    imgui.set_ini_filename(None);\n\n    imgui\n}\n","traces":[{"line":18,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":19,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":27,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":29,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":30,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":31,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":33,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":35,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":36,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":37,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":38,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":39,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":40,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":41,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":43,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":44,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":46,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":49,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":51,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":53,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":54,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":55,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":58,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":61,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":64,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":66,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":69,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":70,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":71,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":72,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":73,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":75,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":76,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":77,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":78,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":79,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":81,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":82,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":83,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":84,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":85,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":87,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":88,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":89,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":90,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":93,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":94,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":95,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":96,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":97,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":98,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":99,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":100,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":102,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":103,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":104,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":105,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":106,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":107,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":109,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":111,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":112,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":113,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":114,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":115,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":116,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":0,"coverable":67},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","emma.rs"],"content":"use std::io::{stdout, Result};\n/*\nuse emmaemu::{chip8::{computer::Chip8Computer, video::Chip8Video}, constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT, CHIP8_ROM_SIZE, CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY}};\nuse ratatui::{\n    backend::CrosstermBackend,\n    crossterm::{\n        event::{self, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},\n        terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},\n        ExecutableCommand,\n    },\n    layout::{Alignment, Rect},\n    style::{Style, Stylize},\n    widgets::{List, Paragraph, Widget},\n    Frame, Terminal,\n};\n\n\nfn system_memory_to_text_render(data_to_dump: [u8; 2048]) -\u003e String {\n    let mut to_return = String::new();\n\n    for i in 0..256 {\n        to_return += \u0026format!(\"{:x}\\t\", data_to_dump[i as usize]).to_string();\n\n        if ((i + 1) % CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT) == 0 {\n            to_return += \"\\n\";\n        }\n    }\n\n    to_return\n}\n\nfn dump_memory_to_console(data_to_dump: [u8; 2048]) {\n    println!(\"STARTING TO DUMP MEMORY TO CONSOLE\");\n    println!(\"{}\", system_memory_to_text_render(data_to_dump));\n    println!(\"DONE DUMPING!\");\n    panic!(\"DONE DUMPING\");\n}\n\nstruct ControlKeyboard {\n\n}\n\nimpl Widget for ControlKeyboard {\n    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: \u0026mut ratatui::prelude::Buffer)\n    where\n        Self: Sized {\n            let style = Style::new();\n            buf.set_string(0, 0, \"F1 to cycle foreground - F2 to cycle background\", style)\n    }\n}\n\n\n#[derive(Clone)]\nstruct AppState {\n    pub menu_items: Vec\u003cString\u003e,\n    pub selected_menu_item: i32,\n    pub system: Chip8Computer,\n}\n\nimpl Default for AppState {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        println!(\"Creating new AppState\");\n        Self {\n            menu_items: vec![\n                \"Step CPU \u003cF5\u003e\".into(),\n                \"Reset CPU \u003cF12\u003e\".into(),\n                \"Item 3\".into(),\n            ],\n            selected_menu_item: 0,\n            system: Chip8Computer {\n                ..Default::default()\n            },\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nfn main() -\u003e Result\u003c()\u003e {\n     stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;\n      enable_raw_mode()?;\n      let mut terminal = Terminal::new(CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()))?;\n     terminal.clear()?;\n\n    let app = AppState::default();\n\n    loop {\n        // Draw Ui...\n        terminal.draw(|frame| {\n            frame.render_widget(app.system.memory, frame.area());\n          //  frame.render_widget(app.control_keyboard, area);\n            //render_cpu_state(app.system.clone(), frame);\n           // render_video_state(app.system.video_memory, frame);\n           // render_menu_list(app.clone(), frame);\n        })?;\n        // ...handle Events.\n        if event::poll(std::time::Duration::from_millis(16))? {\n            if let event::Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {\n                match key.kind {\n                    KeyEventKind::Press =\u003e match key.code {\n                        KeyCode::F(5) =\u003e {\n                            println!(\"Execute Next Instruction\");\n                        }\n                        KeyCode::F(12) =\u003e {\n                            println!(\"Resetting CPU\");\n                        }\n                        KeyCode::Char('q') =\u003e { break; }\n                        _ =\u003e (),\n                    },\n                    _ =\u003e (),\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    //  stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;\n    // disable_raw_mode()?;\n    Ok(())\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use emmaemu::constants::{CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};\n\n    use crate::*;\n    #[test]\n    fn blank_screen_renders_to_text() {\n        let test_video = Chip8Video::default();\n\n\n        let blank_data: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY] = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let blank_screen = (\" \".repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH.try_into().unwrap()) + \"\\n\")\n            .repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT.try_into().unwrap());\n       \n            assert_eq!(Chip8Video::new(blank_data).format_as_string(), blank_screen);\n        }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn filled_screen_renders_to_text() {\n        let filled_data: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY] = [true; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let filled_screen = (\"*\".repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH.try_into().unwrap()) + \"\\n\")\n            .repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT.try_into().unwrap());\n        assert_eq!(Chip8Video::new(filled_data).format_as_string(), filled_screen);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn grid_pattern_renders_to_text() {\n        let mut grid_data: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY] = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let mut expected_data = String::new();\n        for i in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            grid_data[i] = (i % 2 == 0);\n            if i % 2 == 0 {\n                grid_data[i] = true;\n                expected_data += \"*\";\n            } else {\n                grid_data[i] = false;\n                expected_data += \" \";\n            }\n            if (i as i32 % CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH as i32 == CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH - 1) {\n                expected_data += \"\\n\";\n            }\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(Chip8Video::new(grid_data).format_as_string(), expected_data);\n    }\n}\n*/\nfn main() {\n    println!(\"Taxation is theft\");\n}","traces":[{"line":166,"address":[119248],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":167,"address":[119252],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":0,"coverable":2},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","emmagui.rs"],"content":"use std::default::Default;\nuse std::fs::DirEntry;\nuse std::time::Instant;\nuse emmaemu::{\n    chip8::computer::Chip8Computer,\n    constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH},\n};\nuse imgui::*;\nuse ratatui::symbols::half_block;\nuse sys::{ImColor, ImVec2, ImVector_ImU32};\nuse rand::random;\nuse emmaemu::chip8::system_memory::Chip8SystemMemory;\nuse support::emmagui_support::EmmaGui;\nmod support;\n\n\nstruct UiState {\n    pub show_registers: bool,\n    pub show_memory: bool,\n    pub show_video: bool,\n    pub filename_to_load: String,\n   pub on_colour: ImColor32,\n   pub off_colour: ImColor32,\n    pub is_running: bool,\n    pub frame_time: f32\n}\n\nimpl Clone for UiState {\n    fn clone(\u0026self) -\u003e Self {\n        UiState {\n            show_registers: self.show_registers,\n            show_memory: self.show_memory,\n            show_video: self.show_video,\n            filename_to_load: self.filename_to_load.to_string(),\n            on_colour: self.on_colour,\n            off_colour: self.off_colour,\n            is_running: self.is_running,\n            frame_time: self.frame_time\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Default for UiState {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        UiState {\n            show_registers: false,\n            show_memory: false,\n            show_video: true,\n            filename_to_load: String::new(),\n            on_colour: ImColor32::from_rgb(0xff, 0xff, 0x00),\n            off_colour: ImColor32::from_rgb(0x00, 0xff, 0xff),\n            is_running: false,\n            frame_time: 32.0\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nfn main() {\n    pretty_env_logger::init();\n    let mut system = Chip8Computer::default();\n    let mut ui_state = UiState::default();\n    let mut last_tick_time = Instant::now();\n\n    support::simple_init(file!(), move |_, ui| {\n        let current_time = Instant::now();\n        let time_since_last_tick = current_time.duration_since(last_tick_time).as_millis();\n        if ui_state.is_running \u0026\u0026 time_since_last_tick \u003e ui_state.frame_time as u128 {\n            system.step_system();\n            last_tick_time = current_time;\n        }\n\n        EmmaGui::system_controls(\u0026mut system, \u0026mut ui_state, ui);\n\n        if ui_state.show_registers {\n            EmmaGui::registers_view(\u0026system, ui);\n        }\n\n        if ui_state.show_video {\n            EmmaGui::video_display(\u0026system, \u0026ui_state, ui);\n        }\n\n        if ui_state.show_memory {\n            let active_instruction = system.registers.peek_pc();\n            EmmaGui::hex_memory_display(system.memory.clone(), (0x100, 0x10), active_instruction as i16, ui);\n        }\n    });\n}\n","traces":[{"line":29,"address":[4555552],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":31,"address":[4555576],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":32,"address":[4555583],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":33,"address":[4555590],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":34,"address":[4555597],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":35,"address":[4555637],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":36,"address":[4555641],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":37,"address":[4555645],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":38,"address":[4555649],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":44,"address":[4555911,4555728],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":49,"address":[4555747],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":50,"address":[4555759],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":51,"address":[4555814],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":58,"address":[4556356,4555936],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":59,"address":[4555988],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":60,"address":[4556013],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":61,"address":[4556043],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":62,"address":[4556166,4556091],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":64,"address":[4556181],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":65,"address":[4817912],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":66,"address":[4817935],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":67,"address":[4818018,4818218,4818071],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[4818181],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":69,"address":[4818196],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":72,"address":[4818034],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":74,"address":[4818051],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":75,"address":[4818246],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":78,"address":[4818228],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":79,"address":[4818280],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":82,"address":[4818262],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":83,"address":[4818307],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":84,"address":[4818342],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":0,"coverable":32},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","font","text_rendering.rs"],"content":"use ratatui::{style::Stylize, widgets::{List, Paragraph}, Frame};\n\nuse crate::{AppState, Chip8Computer, CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT, CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY};\n\n\npub fn render_cpu_state(cpu_state: Chip8Computer, frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    let mut area = frame.area();\n\n    let mut current_state: Vec\u003cString\u003e = vec![];\n\n    current_state.push(format!(\"Delay Timer {:X}\", cpu_state.delay_timer));\n    current_state.push(format!(\"Sound Timer {:X}\", cpu_state.sound_timer));\n    current_state.push(format!(\"PC {:X}\", cpu_state.pc));\n    for i in 0 .. CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT {\n        current_state.push(format!(\"V{}: {}\", i, cpu_state.registers[i as usize]));\n    }\n\n    frame.render_widget(\n        List::new(current_state).blue().on_white(), area)\n}\n\npub fn render_menu_list(state: AppState, frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    let mut area = frame.area();\n\n    frame.render_widget(List::new(state.menu_items).blue().on_white(), area);\n}\n\npub fn render_hello_world(frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    let area = frame.area();\n    frame.render_widget(\n        Paragraph::new(\"Hello Ratatui! (press 'q' to quit)\")\n            .white()\n            .on_blue(),\n        area,\n    );\n}\n\npub fn render_video_state(video_memory: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY], frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    \n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","support","clipboard.rs"],"content":"","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","support","emmagui_support.rs"],"content":"use std::fs::File;\nuse std::io::Read;\nuse std::path::{Path, PathBuf};\nuse std::thread::sleep;\nuse std::time::Duration;\nuse imgui::{Condition, ImColor32, Ui};\nuse log::debug;\nuse emmaemu::chip8::computer::Chip8Computer;\nuse emmaemu::chip8::system_memory::Chip8SystemMemory;\nuse emmaemu::constants::{CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};\nuse crate::UiState;\n\n\npub struct EmmaGui {}\n\nconst CELL_WIDTH: i32 = 5i32;\nconst CELL_HEIGHT: i32 = 5i32;\n\nstruct GuiFileList {}\n\nimpl GuiFileList {\n    pub fn display_path(root: PathBuf, selected_filename: \u0026String, ui: \u0026Ui) -\u003e String {\n        let mut working_filename = selected_filename.clone();\n        ui.text(format!(\"Displaying {}\", root.to_str().unwrap_or(\"Unable to parse path\")));\n        for (index, entry) in std::fs::read_dir(root.as_path()).unwrap().enumerate() {\n            let filename = entry.unwrap().file_name();\n            let filename = filename.to_str().unwrap();\n            let mut working_select = ui.selectable_config(format!(\"{}\", filename));\n            if filename == selected_filename {\n                working_select = working_select.selected(true);\n            }\n            if working_select.build() {\n                debug!(\"SELECTED {index} / {filename}\");\n                working_filename = filename.to_string();\n            };\n        }\n        working_filename\n    }\n}\n\n\nimpl EmmaGui {\n    pub fn video_display(system_to_control: \u0026Chip8Computer, gui_state: \u0026UiState, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        // draw area size\n        let draw_area_size = ui.io().display_size;\n        let cell_width = ((draw_area_size[0] as i32 / 64) * 6) / 10;\n        let cell_height = ((draw_area_size[1] as i32 / 32) * 6) / 10;\n\n        ui.window(format!(\"Display {cell_width}x{cell_height}\"))\n            .size([300.0, 300.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                let origin = ui.cursor_screen_pos();\n                let fg = ui.get_window_draw_list();\n                ui.text(\"This is the video display.\");\n                for current_row in 0..=31 {\n                    for current_column in 0..=63 {\n                        let x_offset = origin[0] as i32 + (current_column * cell_width);\n                        let y_offset = origin[1] as i32 + (current_row * cell_height);\n                        let current_origin = [x_offset as f32, y_offset as f32];\n                        let current_limit = [(x_offset + cell_width) as f32, (y_offset + cell_height) as f32];\n                        let memory_offset = (current_row * 64 + current_column) as u16;\n                        let to_render = system_to_control.video_memory.peek(memory_offset);\n                        let color: ImColor32 = if to_render {\n                            gui_state.on_colour\n                        } else {\n                            gui_state.off_colour\n                        };\n                        fg.add_rect_filled_multicolor(current_origin, current_limit, color, color, color, color);\n                    }\n                }\n            });\n    }\n    pub fn system_controls(system_to_control: \u0026mut Chip8Computer, gui_state: \u0026mut UiState, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        ui.window(\"!!!! CONTROLS !!!!\")\n            .size([345.0, 200.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                /* ROM Lister */\n                let new_filename = GuiFileList::display_path(PathBuf::from(\"resources/roms\"), \u0026gui_state.filename_to_load, ui);\n                if !new_filename.is_empty() {\n                    if new_filename != gui_state.filename_to_load {\n                        println!(\"NEW FILENAME SELECTED -\u003e {new_filename}\");\n                        gui_state.filename_to_load = new_filename;\n                    }\n                    if ui.button(\"Load Program\") {\n                        let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n\n                        println!(\"PREPARING TO LOAD {}\", gui_state.filename_to_load);\n                        // let mut input_file = File::open(Path::new(\"./1-chip8-logo.ch8\")).expect(\"put 1-chip8-logo.ch8 in this directory\");\n                        let mut input_file = File::open(Path::new(\u0026(\"resources/roms/\".to_string() + \u0026gui_state.filename_to_load))).expect(\"put 1-chip8-logo.ch8 in this directory\");\n                        input_file.read_to_end(\u0026mut buffer).expect(\"unable to read file\");\n                        system_to_control.load_bytes_to_memory(0x200, buffer.into());\n                    }\n                }\n                ui.separator();\n                if ui.button(\"Step\") {\n                    system_to_control.step_system();\n                };\n                if ui.button(\"Run\") {\n                    gui_state.is_running = true;\n                    println!(\"STARTING THE SYSTEM\");\n                }\n                if ui.button(\"Stop\") {\n                    gui_state.is_running = false;\n                    println!(\"STOPPING THE SYSTEM\");\n                }\n                ui.same_line();\n                if ui.button(\"Reset\") {\n                    *system_to_control = Chip8Computer::new();\n                }\n                if ui.button(\"Dump Video Memory\") {\n                    println!(\"{}\", system_to_control.dump_video_to_string());\n                }\n                ui.same_line();\n                if ui.button(\"Dump Keypad State\") {\n                    println!(\"{}\", system_to_control.dump_keypad_to_string());\n                }\n                ui.same_line();\n                if ui.button(\"Dump Registers\") {\n                    println!(\"{}\", system_to_control.dump_registers_to_string());\n                }\n                ui.separator();\n\n                ui.checkbox(\"Show Memory\", \u0026mut gui_state.show_memory);\n                ui.same_line();\n                ui.checkbox(\"Show Video\", \u0026mut gui_state.show_video);\n                ui.same_line();\n                ui.checkbox(\"Show Registers\", \u0026mut gui_state.show_registers);\n            });\n    }\n\n    pub fn registers_view(system: \u0026Chip8Computer, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        ui.window(\"Registers\")\n            .size([400.0, 500.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                ui.text(\"Registers\");\n                for i in 1..0x10 {\n                    ui.text(format!(\"V{:X}: {}\", i, system.registers.peek(i)));\n                    if i != 7 {\n                        ui.same_line();\n                    }\n                }\n                ui.text(\"\");\n                ui.text(format!(\"I: {:03X}\", system.registers.peek_i()));\n                ui.same_line();\n                ui.text(format!(\"ST: {:02X}\", system.sound_timer.current()));\n                ui.same_line();\n                ui.text(format!(\"DT: {:02X}\", system.delay_timer.current()));\n                ui.text(format!(\"PC: {:02X}\", system.registers.peek_pc()));\n                ui.text(format!(\"SP: {:02X}\", system.stack.depth()));\n            });\n    }\n\n    pub fn hex_memory_display(bytes: Chip8SystemMemory, position: (i32, i32), active: i16, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        let rows = position.0;\n        let cols = position.1;\n        ui.window(\"System Memory\")\n            .size([400.0, 300.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .position([500.0, 300.0], Condition::Always)\n            .build(|| {\n                let mut current_x_hover: i32 = 0;\n                let mut current_y_hover: i32 = 0;\n                // display a block of data\n                for current_row in 0..rows {\n                    ui.text(format!(\"{:02x}\", current_row * cols));\n                    ui.same_line();\n                    for current_column in 0..cols {\n                        let data_offset = current_row * cols + current_column;\n                        let formatted_text = format!(\"{:02x}\", bytes.peek(data_offset as u16));\n                        let text_location = ui.cursor_screen_pos();\n                        let text_size = ui.calc_text_size(formatted_text.clone());\n                        let bounding_box = imgui::sys::ImVec2 {\n                            x: text_location[0] + text_size[0],\n                            y: text_location[1] + text_size[1],\n                        };\n\n                        let hovering = ui.is_mouse_hovering_rect(text_location, [bounding_box.x, bounding_box.y]);\n                        let is_active = data_offset == active as i32;\n\n                        ui.text_colored(if hovering {\n                            [0., 1., 1., 1.]\n                        } else if is_active {\n                            [1., 0., 1., 1.]\n                        } else {\n                            [1., 1., 0., 1.]\n                        }, formatted_text.clone());\n\n\n                        // if we are hovering show that at the bottom...\n                        if hovering {\n                            // Optionally change the text color to indicate it's interactable\n                            current_x_hover = current_column;\n                            current_y_hover = current_row;\n\n                            // Check if the left mouse button is clicked while hovering over the text\n                            if ui.is_mouse_clicked(imgui::MouseButton::Left) {\n                                println!(\"Offset: [{}] [0x{:02x}] Value: [{}]\", data_offset, data_offset, formatted_text.clone());\n                                // Perform any action here, e.g., call a function, trigger an event, etc.\n                            }\n                        }\n\n                        // are we on the same line?\n                        if current_column != (cols - 1) {\n                            ui.same_line();\n                        }\n                    }\n                }\n                ui.text(format!(\"Offset 0x{:03x}\", current_x_hover * cols + current_y_hover));\n            });\n    }\n\n    pub fn system_memory_render(memory: Chip8SystemMemory, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        ui.window(\"System Memory\")\n            .size([300.0, 100.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                ui.text(\"Rendering System Memory Here\");\n                let draw_list = ui.get_foreground_draw_list();\n                let mut idx = 0;\n                for row in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT {\n                    for column in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH {\n                        let x_offset = column * CELL_WIDTH;\n                        let y_offset = row * CELL_WIDTH;\n                        let start_point = [x_offset as f32, y_offset as f32];\n                        let end_point = [(x_offset + CELL_WIDTH) as f32,\n                            (y_offset + CELL_HEIGHT) as f32\n                        ];\n                        let memory_offset = (row * CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH) + column;\n                        let target_color = if memory.peek(memory_offset as u16) == 0 {\n                            ImColor32::BLACK\n                        } else {\n                            ImColor32::WHITE\n                        };\n                        draw_list.add_rect([x_offset as f32, y_offset as f32],\n                                           [(x_offset + CELL_WIDTH) as f32, (y_offset + CELL_HEIGHT) as f32],\n                                           target_color).build();\n                        idx += 1;\n                    }\n                }\n            });\n    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log::{debug, error};\nuse crate::chip8::delay_timer::DelayTimer;\nuse crate::chip8::instructions::Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION;\nuse crate::chip8::keypad::Keypad;\nuse crate::chip8::registers::Chip8Registers;\nuse crate::chip8::sound_timer::SoundTimer;\nuse crate::chip8::stack::Chip8Stack;\nuse crate::chip8::util::InstructionUtil;\nuse crate::constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT};\n\nuse super::{\n    cpu_states::Chip8CpuStates, instructions::Chip8CpuInstructions, system_memory::Chip8SystemMemory, video::Chip8Video,\n};\n\nconst STACK_POINTER_DEFAULT: i16 = 0x100;\n\n#[derive(Clone)]\npub struct Chip8Computer {\n    pub memory: Chip8SystemMemory,\n    pub registers: Chip8Registers,\n    pub sound_timer: SoundTimer,\n    pub delay_timer: DelayTimer,\n    pub video_memory: Chip8Video,\n    pub state: Chip8CpuStates,\n    pub keypad: Keypad,\n    pub stack: Chip8Stack\n}\nimpl Default for Chip8Computer {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Self {\n            memory: Chip8SystemMemory::default(),\n            video_memory: Chip8Video::default(),\n            registers: Chip8Registers::default(),\n            sound_timer: SoundTimer::new(),\n            delay_timer: DelayTimer::new(),\n            state: Chip8CpuStates::default(),\n            keypad: Keypad::default(),\n            stack: Chip8Stack::default()\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Computer {\n\n    pub fn dump_keypad_to_string(\u0026self) -\u003e String {\n        self.keypad.format_as_string()\n    }\n\n    pub fn dump_registers_to_string(\u0026self) -\u003e String {\n        self.registers.format_as_string()\n    }\n\n    pub fn dump_video_to_string(\u0026self) -\u003e String {\n        self.video_memory.format_as_string()\n    }\n\n    pub fn new_with_program(new_program: Box\u003cVec\u003cu16\u003e\u003e) -\u003e Self {\n        let mut working = Chip8Computer::new();\n        for i in 0..new_program.len() {\n            let high_byte = (new_program[i as usize] \u003e\u003e 8) as u8;\n            let low_byte = (new_program[i] \u0026 0xff) as u8;\n            let base_offset = i * 2;\n            working.memory.poke(base_offset as u16, high_byte);\n            working.memory.poke((base_offset + 1) as u16, low_byte);\n        }\n        working\n    }\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Computer::default()\n    }\n\n    pub fn load_bytes_to_memory(\u0026mut self, offset: u16, to_load: Box\u003cVec\u003cu8\u003e\u003e) {\n        let total_len = to_load.len() as u16;\n        for current_index in 0..total_len {\n            let new_value = to_load[current_index as usize];\n            let new_location = current_index + offset;\n            self.memory.poke(new_location, new_value);\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn step_system(\u0026mut self) -\u003e \u0026mut Chip8Computer {\n        debug!(\"Stepping System 1 Step\");\n        // read the next instruction\n\n        let mut working_instruction: u16 = 0b0000000000000000;\n        let start_pc = self.registers.peek_pc();\n        let high_byte = (self.memory.clone().peek(start_pc) as u16).rotate_left(8);\n        let low_byte = self.memory.clone().peek(start_pc + 1) as u16;\n        let result = high_byte | low_byte;\n        let decoded_instruction =\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(result);\n        // todo: THIS IS BAD AND IS A SIDE EFFECT\n        decoded_instruction.execute(self);\n\n        match self.state {\n            Chip8CpuStates::WaitingForInstruction =\u003e {\n                self.sound_timer.tick();\n                self.delay_timer.tick();\n            }\n            Chip8CpuStates::WaitingForKey =\u003e {\n                println!(\"waiting for a key press...\");\n            }\n            _ =\u003e {}\n        }\n        self\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use rand::random;\n    use crate::constants::CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY;\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n}\n\n","traces":[{"line":29,"address":[19711456],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":31,"address":[1703104],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":32,"address":[1703114],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":33,"address":[1703127],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":34,"address":[1703140],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":35,"address":[1703149],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":36,"address":[19711547],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":37,"address":[1703167],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":38,"address":[1703180],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":45,"address":[1703424],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":46,"address":[1703441],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":49,"address":[1703472],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":50,"address":[1703489],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":53,"address":[1703520],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":54,"address":[1703545],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":57,"address":[1703600,1704237],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":58,"address":[1703648],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":59,"address":[1703761,1703695,1703927],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":60,"address":[1703948],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":61,"address":[19712416],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":62,"address":[1704079,1704134],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":63,"address":[1704114],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":64,"address":[1704159],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":66,"address":[19712279],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[1704272],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":69,"address":[19712680],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":72,"address":[1704672,1704304],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":73,"address":[1704336,1704397],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":74,"address":[19712805,19712923],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":75,"address":[1704538],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":76,"address":[19713051,19712996],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":77,"address":[1704630,1704667],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":81,"address":[19713104],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":82,"address":[1705019,1704776],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":85,"address":[19713161],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":86,"address":[1704816],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":87,"address":[1704936,1704846],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":88,"address":[1704944,1705164,1705320],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":89,"address":[19713605],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":90,"address":[1705215],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":93,"address":[1705269],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":95,"address":[1705288],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":97,"address":[1705354],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":98,"address":[1705371],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":101,"address":[1705385],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":11,"coverable":45},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","cpu_states.rs"],"content":"#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]\npub enum Chip8CpuStates {\n    #[default]\n    WaitingForInstruction,\n    WaitingForKey,\n    ExecutingInstruction,\n    Error,\n}\n\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","delay_timer.rs"],"content":"#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct DelayTimer {\n    counter: i32\n}\n\nimpl DelayTimer {\n    pub fn current(\u0026self) -\u003e i32 {\n        self.counter\n    }\n\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        DelayTimer {\n            counter: 0xff\n        }\n    }\n    pub fn set_timer(\u0026mut self, new_value: i32) {\n        self.counter = new_value\n    }\n\n    pub fn tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        if self.counter \u003e 0 {\n            self.counter -= 1;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use crate::chip8::sound_timer::SoundTimer;\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ticks_reduce_time() {\n        let mut st = DelayTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(100);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 97);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn out_of_ticks_works() {\n        let mut st = DelayTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(0);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 0);\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":7,"address":[1838736],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":8,"address":[1838741],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":16,"address":[1838768],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":17,"address":[1838777],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":20,"address":[1838784],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":21,"address":[1838837,1838798],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":22,"address":[1838839,1838813],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":7,"coverable":7},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","instructions.rs"],"content":"use std::ops::{Shl, Shr};\nuse imgui::ColorPicker3;\nuse log::debug;\nuse rand::random;\nuse crate::chip8::computer::{Chip8Computer};\nuse crate::chip8::cpu_states::Chip8CpuStates::WaitingForKey;\nuse crate::chip8::instructions::Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION;\nuse crate::chip8::util::InstructionUtil;\nuse crate::chip8::video::Chip8Video;\n\n/*\nnnn or addr - A 12-bit value, the lowest 12 bits of the instruction\nn or nibble - A 4-bit value, the lowest 4 bits of the instruction\nx - A 4-bit value, the lower 4 bits of the high byte of the instruction\ny - A 4-bit value, the upper 4 bits of the low byte of the instruction\nkk or byte - An 8-bit value, the lowest 8 bits of the instruction\n */\n\n#[derive(Debug)]\npub enum Chip8CpuInstructions {\n    /// 0nnn\n    /// Exit to System Call at nnn\n    SysAddr(i16),\n    /// Clear Screen\n    CLS,\n    /// Return from Subroutine\n    RET,\n    /// 1nnn\n    /// Jump to Address nnn\n    JpAddr(i16),\n    /// 2nnn\n    /// Call Subroutine at nnn\n    CallAddr(i16),\n    /// 0x3xkk\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx == kk\n    SeVxByte(i16, i16),\n    /// 4xkk\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx != kk\n    SneVxByte(i16, i16),\n    /// 5xy0\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx == Vy\n    SeVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 6xkk\n    /// Set Vx = kk\n    LdVxByte(u16, u16),\n    /// 7xkk\n    /// Set Vx = Vx + kk\n    AddVxByte(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy0\n    /// Set Vx = Vy\n    LdVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy1\n    /// Set Vx = Vx OR Vy\n    OrVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy2\n    /// Set Vx = Vx AND Vy\n    AndVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy3\n    /// Set Vx = Vx XOR Vy\n    XorVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy4\n    /// Set Vx = Vx + Vy\n    /// Set VF=1 if Carry\n    AddVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy5\n    /// Set Vx = Vx - Vy\n    /// Set VF=1 if No Borrow\n    SubVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy6\n    /// Set Vx = Vx SHR 1\n    ShrVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy7\n    /// Set Vx = Vy - Vx\n    /// Set VF=1 if No Borrow\n    SubnVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xye\n    /// Set Vx = Vx SHL 1\n    ShlVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 9xy0\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx != Vy\n    SneVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// Annn\n    /// Load I register with NNN\n    LdIAddr(u16),\n    /// Bnnn\n    /// Jump to nnn+V0\n    JpV0Addr(u16),\n    /// Cxkk\n    /// Set Vx = Random u8 AND kk\n    RndVxByte(u16, u16),\n    /// Dxyn\n    /// Display N byte tall sprite starting at Vx, Vy\n    DrawVxVyNibble(u16, u16, u16),\n    /// Ex9E\n    /// Skip next instruction of key in Vx pressed\n    SkpVx(u16),\n    /// ExA1\n    /// Skip Next If Key Not Pressed\n    SnkpVx(u16),\n    /// Fx07\n    /// Set Vx = Dt\n    LdVxDt(u16),\n    /// Fx0A\n    /// Wait for Key to be pressed and store\n    /// in Vx\n    LdVxK(u16),\n    /// Fx15\n    /// Load Value in Delay Timer to Vx\n    LdDtVx(u16),                   // 0xFx15 Set Delay Timer\n    /// Fx18\n    /// Set Dt = Vx\n    LdStVx(u16),\n    AddIVx(u16),                   // 0xFx1E I = I + Vx\n    LdFVx(u16),                    // 0xFx29 Set I = Location of sprite for Digit Vx\n    LdBVx(u16),                    // 0xFx33 Store BCD of Vx in I, I+1, I+2\n    LdIVx(u16),                    // 0xFx55 Store V0 to Vx in memory starting at I\n    LdVxI(u16),                    // 0xFx65 Load V0 to Vx in memory starting at I\n    XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION,\n}\n\nimpl Chip8CpuInstructions {\n    pub fn encode(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        match self {\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(target) =\u003e {\n                (0x0000 | (target \u0026 0x0FFF)) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS =\u003e {\n                0x00E0\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RET =\u003e {\n                0x00EE\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(new_addr) =\u003e {\n                0x1000 | (new_addr \u0026 0x0FFF) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(address) =\u003e {\n                (0x2000 | (address \u0026 0x0FFF)) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                (0x3000 | (vx_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte) as u16)\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                (0x4000i16 | vx_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x5000u16 | (x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4)\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(x_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                0x6000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(x_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                0x7000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8001u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8002u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8003u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8004u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8005u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8006u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8007u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x800Eu16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x9000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(addr) =\u003e {\n                0xA000u16 | addr\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr) =\u003e {\n                0xB000u16 | addr\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(x_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                0xC000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x_register, y_register, height) =\u003e {\n                0xD000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4 | height\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xE09Eu16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xE0A1u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF007u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF00Au16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF015u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF018u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF01Eu16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF029u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xf033u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xf055u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xf065u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION =\u003e {\n                0xffff\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    pub fn decode(input: u16) -\u003e Chip8CpuInstructions {\n        let x_param = InstructionUtil::read_x_from_instruction(input);\n        let y_param = InstructionUtil::read_y_from_instruction(input);\n        let addr_param = InstructionUtil::read_addr_from_instruction(input);\n        let byte_param = InstructionUtil::read_byte_from_instruction(input);\n        let nibble_param = InstructionUtil::read_nibble_from_instruction(input);\n        let ubln = InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(input);\n        let last_byte = input \u0026 0xFF;\n\n        match input {\n            0x00E0 =\u003e {\n                // 00E0 - CLS\n                // Clear the display.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS\n            }\n            0x00EE =\u003e {\n                // 00EE - RET\n                // Return from a subroutine.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::RET\n            }\n            0x0000..=0x0FFF =\u003e {\n                // 0nnn - SYS addr\n                // Jump to a machine code routine at nnn.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(addr_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x1000..=0x1FFF =\u003e {\n                // 1nnn - JP addr\n                // Jump to location nnn.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(addr_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x2000..=0x2FFF =\u003e {\n                // 2nnn - CALL addr\n                // Call subroutine at nnn.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(addr_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x3000..=0x3FFF =\u003e {\n                // 3xkk - SE Vx, byte\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(x_param as i16, byte_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x4000..=0x4FFF =\u003e {\n                // 4xkk - SNE Vx, byte\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx != kk.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(x_param as i16, byte_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x5000..=0x5FF0 =\u003e {\n                // 5xy0 - SE Vx, Vy\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx = Vy.\n                // if the last nibble isn't 0...\n                if 0xf \u0026 input \u003e 0 {\n                    // ... we have a problem.\n                    Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                } else {\n                    Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                }\n            }\n            0x6000..=0x6FFF =\u003e {\n                // 6xkk - LD Vx, byte\n                // Set Vx = kk.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(x_param, byte_param)\n            }\n            0x7000..=0x7FFF =\u003e {\n                // ADD Vx, Byte\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(x_param, byte_param)\n            }\n            0x8000..=0x8FFE =\u003e {\n                // 0x8000 Series\n                let last_nibble = input \u0026 0xF;\n                match last_nibble {\n                    0x0 =\u003e {\n                        // LD Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x1 =\u003e {\n                        // OR Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x2 =\u003e {\n                        // AND Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x3 =\u003e {\n                        // XOR Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x4 =\u003e {\n                        // ADD Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x5 =\u003e {\n                        // SUB Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x6 =\u003e {\n                        // SHR Vx, {, Vy }\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x7 =\u003e {\n                        // SUBN Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0xE =\u003e {\n                        // SHL Vx, {, Vy}\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    _ =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            0x9000..=0x9FF0 =\u003e {\n                // SNE Vx, Vy\n                if 0xf \u0026 input \u003e 0 {\n                    XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                } else {\n                    Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                }\n            }\n            0xA000..=0xAFFF =\u003e {\n                // LD I, Addr\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(addr_param)\n            }\n            0xB000..=0xBFFF =\u003e {\n                // JP V0, Addr\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr_param)\n            }\n            0xC000..=0xCFFF =\u003e {\n                // RND Vx, byte\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(x_param, byte_param)\n            }\n            0xD000..=0xDFFF =\u003e {\n                // DRAW Vx, Vy, nibble\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x_param, y_param, nibble_param)\n            }\n            0xE09E..=0xEFA1 =\u003e {\n                match last_byte {\n                    0x9E =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0xA1 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    _ =\u003e {\n                        XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            0xF007..=0xFF65 =\u003e {\n                match last_byte {\n                    0x07 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x0A =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x15 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x18 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x1E =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x29 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x33 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x55 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x65 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(ubln)\n                    }\n                    _ =\u003e {\n                        XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            _ =\u003e {\n                XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn execute(\u0026self, mut input: \u0026mut Chip8Computer) -\u003e Chip8Computer {\n        let start_pc = input.registers.peek_pc();\n        input.registers.poke_pc(start_pc + 2);\n        let _ = match self {\n            // 0x0nnn Exit to System Call\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(new_address) =\u003e {\n                debug!(\"SysAddr [0x{new_address:3x}]\");\n\n                input.registers.poke_pc(*new_address as u16);\n            }\n            // * 0x00E0 Clear Screen\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS =\u003e {\n                for i in 0..(64 * 32) {\n                    input.video_memory.poke(i, false);\n                }\n            }\n            // 0x00EE Return from Subroutine\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RET =\u003e {\n                let return_address = input.stack.pop();\n                debug!(\"Returning from subroutine to {return_address:03x}\");\n                input.registers.poke_pc(return_address);\n            }\n            // 0x1nnn Jump to Address\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(new_address) =\u003e {\n                debug!(\"JpAddr [0x{new_address:3x}]\");\n                input.registers.poke_pc(*new_address as u16);\n            }\n            // 0x2nnn Call Subroutine\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(new_address) =\u003e {\n                debug!(\"CALL ADDR 0x{new_address:3x}\");\n                let return_address = input.registers.peek_pc();\n                input.registers.poke_pc(*new_address as u16);\n                input.stack.push(\u0026return_address);\n            }\n            // 0x3xkk Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                if input.registers.peek(*vx_register as u8) == *byte as u8 {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n                debug!(\"SeVxByte [0x{vx_register:1x}] [0x{byte:2x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x4xkk Skip next instruction if Vx != kk\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(x, byte) =\u003e {\n                if input.registers.peek(*x as u8) != *byte as u8 {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n                debug!(\"SneVxByte [0x{x:1x}] [0x{byte:2x}\");\n            }\n            // 0x5xy0 Skip next instruction if Vx == Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                let lhs = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let rhs = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n\n                if lhs == rhs {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n                debug!(\"SeVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x6xkk Set Vx = kk\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(register, byte) =\u003e {\n                let byte_value = *byte as u8;\n                input.registers.poke(*register as u8, byte_value);\n                debug!(\"LdVxByte [0x{register:1x}] [0x{byte:2.0x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x7xkk Set Vx = Vx + kk\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                let x_value: u16 = input.registers.peek(*vx_register as u8) as u16;\n                let value_to_poke = (x_value + *byte) as u8;\n                input.registers.poke(*vx_register as u8, value_to_poke);\n                debug!(\"AddVxByte [0x{vx_register:1x}] [0x{byte:02x}] [0x{value_to_poke:02x}\");\n            }\n            // 0x8xy0 Set value of Vy in Vx\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*y as u8));\n                debug!(\"LdVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x8xy1 Set Vx = Vx OR Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                // shift them to 16 bit\n                let working_16_x = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) as u16;\n                let working_16_y = input.registers.peek(*y as u8) as u16;\n                // OR them\n                let working_16_or = working_16_x | working_16_y;\n                // shift them back to 8 bit.\n                let to_set = working_16_or as u8;\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, to_set);\n                debug!(\"OrVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]\")\n            }\n            // 0x8xy2 Set Vx = Vx AND Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                let lhs_16 = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) as u16;\n                let rhs_16 = input.registers.peek(*y as u8) as u16;\n                let and_16 = lhs_16 \u0026 rhs_16;\n\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, and_16 as u8);\n                debug!(\"AndVxVy [0x{x:02x}] [0x{y:02x}] [0b{and_16:08b}\");\n            }\n            // 0x8xy3 Set Vx = Vx XOR Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                let lhs_16 = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) as u16;\n                let rhs_16 = input.registers.peek(*y as u8) as u16;\n                let xor_16 = lhs_16 ^ rhs_16;\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, xor_16 as u8);\n            }\n            // 0x8xy4 Set Vx = Vx + Vy (SET VF on Carry)\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                let lhs = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) as i16;\n                let rhs = input.registers.peek(*y as u8) as i16;\n                let working = lhs + rhs;\n                if working \u003e 0xff {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 0x01);\n                }\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, working as u8);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                // 8xy5 - SUB Vx, Vy\n                // Set Vx = Vx - Vy, set VF = NOT borrow.\n                //\n                // If Vx \u003e Vy, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vy is subtracted from Vx, and the results stored in Vx.\n                let mut x_value: u16 = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) as u16;\n                let y_value = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n                // do we borrow?\n                if y_value \u003e= x_value as u8 {\n                    x_value += 256;\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1);\n                } else {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 0);\n                }\n                let result = (x_value - y_value as u16) as u8;\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, result);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(x, _) =\u003e {\n                // 8xy6 - SHR Vx {, Vy}\n                // Set Vx = Vx SHR 1.\n                //\n                // If the least-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vx is divided by 2.\n                let initial_value = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                if 0xb1 \u0026 initial_value == 1 {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1);\n                }\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, initial_value.shr(1));\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                // 8xy7 - SUBN Vx, Vy\n                // Set Vx = Vy - Vx, set VF = NOT borrow.\n                //\n                // If Vy \u003e Vx, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vx is subtracted from Vy, and the results stored in Vx.\n                let y_register = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n                let x_register = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let new_value = if y_register \u003c= x_register { 1 } else { 0 };\n                let value_to_poke = if y_register \u003c= x_register {\n                    ((y_register as u16 + 256) - x_register as u16) as u8\n                } else {\n                    y_register - x_register\n                };\n                input.registers.poke(0xf, new_value);\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, value_to_poke);\n            }\n\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(x, _) =\u003e {\n                // 8xyE - SHL Vx {, Vy}\n                // Set Vx = Vx SHL 1.\n                //\n                // If the most-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise to 0. Then Vx is multiplied by 2.\n                let initial_value = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                if 0x80 \u0026 initial_value == 0x80 {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1);\n                }\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, initial_value.shl(1));\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(vx_register, vy_register) =\u003e {\n                // 9xy0 - SNE Vx, Vy\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx != Vy.\n                //\n                // The values of Vx and Vy are compared, and if they are not equal, the program counter is increased by 2.\n\n                let x_reg_value = input.registers.peek(*vx_register as u8);\n                let y_reg_value = input.registers.peek(*vy_register as u8);\n                if x_reg_value != y_reg_value {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(new_index) =\u003e {\n                // Annn - LD I, addr\n                // Set I = nnn.\n                //\n                // The value of register I is set to nnn.\n                debug!(\"LdiAddr [0x{new_index:3x}]\");\n                input.registers.poke_i(*new_index);\n            }\n            // 0xBnnn Jump to nnn+V0\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr) =\u003e {\n                // Bnnn - JP V0, addr\n                // Jump to location nnn + V0.\n                //\n                // The program counter is set to nnn plus the value of V0.\n                input.registers.poke_pc(input.registers.peek(0) as u16 + addr);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(x, byte) =\u003e {\n                // Cxkk - RND Vx, byte\n                // Set Vx = random byte AND kk.\n                //\n                // The interpreter generates a random number from 0 to 255,\n                // which is then ANDed with the value kk.\n                // The results are stored in Vx.\n                let new_value: u8 = random();\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, (new_value \u0026 *byte as u8))\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(y,x, n) =\u003e {\n                // Display n-byte sprite starting at memory location I at (Vx, Vy), set VF = collision.\n\n                // The interpreter reads n bytes from memory, starting at the address stored in I.\n\n\n                // These bytes are then displayed as sprites on screen at coordinates (Vx, Vy).\n                // Sprites are XORed onto the existing screen.\n                // If this causes any pixels to be erased, VF is set to 1,\n                //     otherwise it is set to 0.\n                // If the sprite is positioned so part of it is outside the coordinates of the display,\n                //     it wraps around to the opposite side of the screen.\n\n                let source_memory_offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n\n                let x_offset = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let y_offset = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n\n                println!(\"X_OFFSET = {x_offset} / y_offset = {y_offset}\");\n                let target_memory_offset = x_offset as u16 * 64 + y_offset as u16;\n\n                println!(\"CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e STARTING AT {source_memory_offset} WRITING TO {target_memory_offset}\");\n                let num_bytes_to_read = *n;\n                println!(\"CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e PREPARING TO READ {num_bytes_to_read} BYTES FROM MEMORY TO VIDEO\");\n                for byte_index in 0..num_bytes_to_read {\n                    let current_byte = input.memory.peek(byte_index + source_memory_offset);\n                    println!(\"CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e READ BYTE [0x{byte_index:2x}]\\t{current_byte:02x}\\t{current_byte:08b}\");\n                    for bit_index in 0..8 {\n                        let data_offset = ((x_offset as u16 + byte_index) * 64 ) + (y_offset + bit_index) as u16;\n                        let current_bit = (current_byte.shr(7 - bit_index) \u0026 0x1u8) == 0x1u8;\n                        input.video_memory.poke(data_offset, current_bit);\n                    }\n                }\n\n                println!(\"PPOOSSTT -\u003e CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e {}\", input.video_memory.format_as_string());\n\n                let mut did_change: bool = false;\n\n                if did_change {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1u8);\n                } else {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 0u8);\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Ex9E - SKP Vx\n                // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is pressed.\n                //\n                // Checks the keyboard, and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the down position, PC is increased by 2.\n                let key_to_check = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let is_pressed = input.keypad.pressed(key_to_check);\n                if is_pressed {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // ExA1 - SKNP Vx\n                // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is not pressed.\n                //\n\n                // Checks the keyboard,\n                // and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the up position,\n                // PC is increased by 2.\n                let target_key = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let is_pressed = input.keypad.pressed(target_key);\n                debug!(\"SnKpVx [{x:1x}]\");\n                if !is_pressed {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx07 - LD Vx, DT\n                // Set Vx = delay timer value.\n                //\n                // The value of DT is placed into Vx.\n                let value_to_set = input.delay_timer.current();\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, value_to_set as u8);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx0A - LD Vx, K\n                // Wait for a key press, store the value of the key in Vx.\n                //\n                // All execution stops until a key is pressed, then the value of that key is stored in Vx.\n                input.state = WaitingForKey;\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(source_register) =\u003e {\n                // Fx15 - LD DT, Vx\n                // Set delay timer = Vx.\n                //\n                // DT is set equal to the value of Vx.\n                let new_time = input.registers.peek(*source_register as u8);\n                input.delay_timer.set_timer(new_time as i32);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(new_time) =\u003e {\n                let new_value = input.registers.peek(*new_time as u8);\n                input.sound_timer.set_timer(new_value as i32);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx1E - ADD I, Vx\n                // Set I = I + Vx.\n                //\n                // The values of I and Vx are added, and the results are stored in I.\n                let base = input.registers.peek_i();\n                let x_value = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                input.registers.poke_i(base + x_value as u16);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx29 - LD F, Vx\n                // Set I = location of sprite for digit Vx.\n                //\n                // The value of I is set to the location for the hexadecimal sprite corresponding\n                // to the value of Vx. See section 2.4, Display, for more information on\n                // the Chip-8 hexadecimal font.\n\n                let to_offset = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) - 1;\n                let real_offset = to_offset as u16 * 5;\n                input.registers.poke_i(real_offset as u16);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx33 - LD B, Vx\n                // Store BCD representation of Vx in memory locations I, I+1, and I+2.\n                //\n                // The interpreter takes the decimal value of Vx, and places the hundreds\n                // digit in memory at location in I, the tens digit at location I+1,\n                // and the ones digit at location I+2.\n\n                let to_convert = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n\n                // how many hundreds\n                let hundreds = to_convert / 100;\n                // how many tens, minus the hundreds\n                let tens = (to_convert / 10) - (hundreds * 10);\n                // whats the leftover when dividing by 10\n                let units = to_convert % 10;\n\n                // Convert to BCD\n                let result = ((hundreds as u16) \u003c\u003c 8) | units as u16;\n                (tens \u003c\u003c 4) | units;\n                // write them to the memory pointed to by I, I+1, and I+2\n                let target_start_offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n                input.memory.poke(target_start_offset, hundreds);\n                input.memory.poke(target_start_offset + 1, tens);\n                input.memory.poke(target_start_offset + 2, units);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Store registers V0 through Vx in memory starting at location I.\n                //\n                // The interpreter copies the values of registers V0 through Vx into memory,\n                // starting at the address in I.\n                let offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n                for i in 0..*x {\n                    input.memory.poke(offset + i, input.registers.peek(i as u8));\n                }\n                input.registers.poke_i(offset + 1);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(x) =\u003e {\n                // Read registers V0 through Vx from memory starting at location I.\n                //\n                // The interpreter reads values from memory starting at location I into registers V0 through Vx.\n                let offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n                debug!(\"STARTING TO READ AT {offset:03x}\");\n                let num_loops = x + 1;\n                println!(\"WILL READ {num_loops:x} BYTES\");\n                for index in 0..num_loops {\n                    let src_value = input.memory.peek(index as u16 + offset);\n                    input.registers.poke(index as u8, src_value);\n                    println!(\"POKING Register 0x{index:02x} with 0x{src_value:04x} using offset 0x{offset:04x}\");\n                }\n         input.registers.poke_i(offset + 1);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION =\u003e {}\n        };\n        input.clone()\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use dimensioned::typenum::assert_type;\n    use ratatui::crossterm::execute;\n    use crate::chip8::cpu_states::Chip8CpuStates;\n    use crate::chip8::system_memory::{CHIP8FONT_0, CHIP8FONT_1, CHIP8FONT_2, CHIP8FONT_9};\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn encode_decode_test() {\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS.encode(), 0x00E0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::RET.encode(), 0x00EE);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0x123).encode(), 0x0123);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0x234).encode(), 0x1234);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x345).encode(), 0x2345);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(0x4, 0x56).encode(), 0x3456);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0xa, 0xbc).encode(), 0x4abc);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0xa, 0xb).encode(), 0x5ab0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xa, 0xff).encode(), 0x6aff);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(0xa, 0xbc).encode(), 0x7abc);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(0xa, 0xb).encode(), 0x8ab0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(0xb, 0xa).encode(), 0x8ba1);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(0xc, 0xd).encode(), 0x8cd2);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(0xd, 0xe).encode(), 0x8de3);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(0xe, 0xf).encode(), 0x8ef4);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(0xf, 0x0).encode(), 0x8f05);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x0, 0x1).encode(), 0x8016);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2).encode(), 0x8127);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x3, 0x4).encode(), 0x834e);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0xa, 0xb).encode(), 0x9ab0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x123).encode(), 0xa123);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(0x234).encode(), 0xb234);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(0xa, 0xca).encode(), 0xcaca);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(0xa, 0xb, 0x4).encode(), 0xdab4);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).encode(), 0xe19e);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x2).encode(), 0xe2a1);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(0x1).encode(), 0xf107);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(0x4).encode(), 0xf40a);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x6).encode(), 0xf615);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(0xb).encode(), 0xfb18);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(0xd).encode(), 0xfd1e);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0xc).encode(), 0xfc29);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(0xd).encode(), 0xfd33);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(0xe).encode(), 0xfe55);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(0x3).encode(), 0xf365);\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x00E0u16), Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x00EEu16), Chip8CpuInstructions::RET));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x0123), Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0x123)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x0FFF), Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0xfff)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x1002), Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x1FF0), Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0xFF0)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x2002), Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x3123), Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(0x1, 0x23)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x4abc), Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0xa, 0xbc)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x5ab0), Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0xa, 0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x6aff), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xa, 0xff)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x7abc), Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(0xa, 0xbc)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8ab0), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(0xa, 0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8ba1), Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(0xb, 0xa)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8cd2), Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(0xc, 0xd)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8de3), Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(0xd, 0xe)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8ef4), Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(0xe, 0xf)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8f05), Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(0xf, 0x0)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8016), Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x0, 0x1)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8127), Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x834e), Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x3, 0x4)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x9ab0), Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0xa, 0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xa123), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x123)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xb234), Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(0x234)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xcaca), Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(0xa, 0xca)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xdab4), Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(0xa, 0xb, 0x4)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xe19e), Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xe2a1), Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf107), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(0x1)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf40a), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(0x4)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf615), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x6)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfb18), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfd1e), Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(0xd)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfc29), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0xc)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfd33), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(0xd)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfe55), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(0xe)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf365), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(0x3)));\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn decoder_test_invalid_instructions() {\n        let invalid_to_encode = [\n            0x5ab1, 0x5abf, 0x8ab8, 0x8abd, 0x8abf,\n            0x9ab1, 0x9abf, 0xea9d, 0xea9f, 0xeaa0,\n            0xeaa2, 0xf006, 0xf008\n        ];\n\n        for i in invalid_to_encode {\n            assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(i).encode(), 0xffff);\n            assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(i), Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION));\n        }\n    }\n\n    /// START OF THE EXECUTION TESTS\n    #[test]\n    fn sys_test() {\n        // 0x0nnn Exit to System Call\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0xFA0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xFA0);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0x0AF).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x0AF);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn jpaddr_test() {\n        // 0x1nnn Jump to Address\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0xABC).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xABC);\n    }\n\n    // ** test moved up so it can be used later\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_byte_test() {\n        // 0x6xkk Set Vx = kk\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x12).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x12);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0x21).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(2), 0x21);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sevxbyte_match_test() {\n        // 0x3xkk Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.\n        // The interpreter compares register Vx to kk,\n        // and if they are equal, increments the program counter by 2.\n\n        // test setup: Load value 0x84 into V1\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x84);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(1, 0x48).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x84);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(1, 0x84).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn se_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x4xkk Skip next instruction if Vx != kk\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x84);\n        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x84);\n        // skip, compare 0x84 to 0x84\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x84);\n        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x48);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy0 Set value of Vy in Vx\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x01);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0x02);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x02);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn or_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy1 Set Vx = Vx OR Vy\n        //   0b0101 0000 (0x50)\n        // | 0b0000 1010 (0x0A)\n        //   0b0101 1010 (0x5A)\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0b01010000);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0b00001010);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0b01011010);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn and_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy2 Set Vx = Vx AND Vy\n        //   0b1111 1100 (0xFC)\n        // \u0026 0b1100 1010 (0xCA)\n        //   0b1100 1000 (0xC8)\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0xFC);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0xCA);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0xC8);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn xor_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy3 Set Vx = Vx XOR Vy\n        //   0b1111 1100 (0xFC)\n        // ^ 0b1100 1010 (0xCA)\n        //   0b0011 0110 (0x36)\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0b11111100);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0b11001010);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0b00110110);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn add_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy4 Set Vx = Vx + Vy (SET VF on Carry)\n        //    T1             T2: Judgement Test\n        //   0x01           0xFF\n        // + 0x01           0x01\n        //   0x02 F0        0x00 F1\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x0f, 00);\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x01);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0x01);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x00);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x01), 0x02);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x0f, 0x00);\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0xff);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0x01);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 1);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn shr_vx_vy_test() {\n        /*\n        Set Vx = Vx SHR 1.\n\n        If the least-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vx is divided by 2.\n        */\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x0f, 0x00);\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0b00001000);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0b00000000);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);     // 0b0000 0010 (0x02) (Not Set)\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0b00000100);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0);\n\n        x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x0f, 0x00);\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0b00001001);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0b00000100);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 1);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ldi_addr_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x123).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 0x123);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn jp_v0addr_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        /// jump to I + nnn\n        x.registers.poke(0x0, 0xff);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(0x100).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x1FF);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn cls_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS.execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn skip_next_instruction_ne_text() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xf0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0x1, 0x0f).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xf0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0x1, 0xf0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn addivx_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke_i(0xabc);\n        x.registers.poke(0x0, 0x10);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(0x0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 0xacc);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ldstvt_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xf0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(0x01).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.sound_timer.current(), 0xf0);\n        x.sound_timer.tick();\n        x.sound_timer.tick();\n        x.sound_timer.tick();\n        assert_eq!(x.sound_timer.current(), 0xed);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn rnd_vx_byte_text() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(0x1, 0x0f).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        let new_value = x.registers.peek(0x1);\n        assert!(new_value \u003c 0x10);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn add_vx_byte_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        // set a value in the register\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0xab);\n        // add 0x10 to register\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(0x1, 0x10).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0xbb);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sub_vx_vy_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        // load values in 2 registers\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x10);\n        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x08);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(0x1, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0x8);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sne_vx_vy_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x10);\n        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x10);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x10);\n        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x00);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_dt_vx_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x10);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.delay_timer.current(), 0x10);\n        for i in 0..0x20 {\n            x.delay_timer.tick();\n        }\n        assert_eq!(x.delay_timer.current(), 0);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_dt_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xf0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        x.delay_timer.tick();\n        x.delay_timer.tick();\n        x.delay_timer.tick();\n        assert_eq!(x.delay_timer.current(), 0xed);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn subn_vx_vy_test() {\n        // This instruction subtracts the value in\n        // register Vx from the value in register Vy and stores the result in register Vx.\n        // The subtraction is performed as follows: Vx = Vy - Vx. If Vy is less than Vx,\n        // the result will wrap around (due to the 8-bit nature of the registers).\n        // The carry flag (VF) is set to 1 if there is no borrow (i.e., Vy is greater\n        // than or equal to Vx), and it is set to 0 if there is a borrow.\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xa0);\n        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0xab);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // expect the result to be 0x0b\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0x0b);\n        // expect the vf register to be set to 1 as there was overflow\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x0);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0xab);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0xa0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // expect the result to be 11110101, -0xB, -11, 245, 0xF5\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0xf5);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x1);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn shl_vx_vy_test_1() {\n        // 8xyE - SHL Vx {, Vy}\n        // Set Vx = Vx SHL 1.\n        //\n        // If the most-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise to 0. Then Vx is multiplied by 2.\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0b00100000);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x1, 0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0b01000000);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x0);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1,  0b10101010);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x1, 0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0b01010100);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x1);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_f_vx_test() {\n        // Fx29 - LD F, Vx\n        // Set I = location of sprite for digit Vx.\n        //\n        // The value of I is set to the location for the hexadecimal sprite corresponding to the value of Vx. See section 2.4, Display, for more information on the Chip-8 hexadecimal font.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        // target_sprite = 2\n        // target_offset = 0x5\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x2);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 0x5);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x06);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 25);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_b_vx_test() {\n        // Fx33 - LD B, Vx\n        // Store BCD representation of Vx in memory locations I, I+1, and I+2.\n        //\n        // The interpreter takes the decimal value of Vx, and places the hundreds digit\n        // in memory at location in I, the tens digit at location I+1,\n        // and the ones digit at location I+2.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n\n        // load the value 123 (0x7b)\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x7b);\n        x.registers.poke_i(0x500);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x500), 0x1);\n        assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x501), 0x2);\n        assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x502), 0x3);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_i_vx_test() {\n        // Store registers V0 through Vx in memory starting at location I.\n        //\n        // The interpreter copies the values of registers V0 through Vx into memory,\n        // starting at the address in I.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n\n        // Load Registers.\n        let to_load = [0xab, 0xba, 0xca, 0xca, 0xbe, 0xef];\n        for (idx, val) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            x.registers.poke(idx as u8, *val);\n        }\n        x.registers.poke_i(0x500);\n\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(to_load.len() as u16).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // Verify the values are in memory from 0x500 to 0x507\n        for (idx, value) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x500 + idx as u16), *value);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_i_test() {\n        // Read registers V0 through Vx from memory starting at location I.\n        //\n        // The interpreter reads values from memory starting at location I into registers V0 through Vx.\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n\n        let base_offset = 0x500;\n        let to_load = [0xab, 0xba, 0xca, 0xca, 0xbe, 0xef];\n\n        // start by setting values in memory\n        for (idx, memory) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            let target_address = base_offset + idx;\n            let target_value = *memory;\n            x.memory.poke(target_address as u16, target_value);\n        }\n        // where to load from\n        x.registers.poke_i(0x500);\n        // how much to load\n        x.registers.poke(0x6, to_load.len() as u8);\n\n        // then copying them values memory to registers\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(0x6).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // now check that we have the right values in our registers\n        for (idx, value) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(idx as u8), *value);\n        }\n\n                }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn Sknkpvx_test() {\n        // ExA1 - SKNP Vx\n        // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is not pressed.\n        //\n        // Checks the keyboard,\n        // and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the up position,\n        // PC is increased by 2.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.keypad.push_key(0x5);\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n        x.keypad.release_key(0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn skpvx_test() {\n        // Ex9E - SKP Vx\n        // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is pressed.\n        //\n        // Checks the keyboard, and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the down position, PC is increased by 2.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.keypad.push_key(0x5);\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n\n        x.keypad.release_key(0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn draw_nibble_vx_vy_n_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        let x_register = 0x1;\n        let y_register = 0x2;\n        let x_offset = 1;\n        let y_offset = 2;\n        let char_offset = 0x0A;\n\n        // now lets set the X and Y to 1,2\n        x.registers.poke(x_register, x_offset);\n        x.registers.poke(y_register, y_offset);\n        x.registers.poke_i(char_offset);\n        // we are using 5 rows.\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x_register as u16, y_register as u16, 5).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // now check that video memory has the values at\n        // 1,2-\u003e1,9\n        // 2,2-\u003e2,9\n        // 3,2-\u003e3,9\n        // 4,2-\u003e4,9\n        // 5,2-\u003e5,9\n        //  let byte_to_check = CHIP8FONT_0[0];\n        for row_in_sprite in 0..5 {\n            let row_data = CHIP8FONT_2[row_in_sprite];\n            for bit_in_byte in 0..8 {\n                let data_offset = (x_offset\n                    as u16 + row_in_sprite as u16) * 64 + (bit_in_byte + y_offset) as u16;\n                let real_bit_in_byte = 7 - bit_in_byte;\n                let shifted_one = 0x01 \u003c\u003c real_bit_in_byte;\n                let one_shift_set = (shifted_one \u0026 row_data) \u003e 0;\n                println!(\"ROWDATA = \\t\\t[{row_data:08b}]\\tBIT IN BYTE = \\t[{bit_in_byte}]\\tONE_SHIFT_SET = [{one_shift_set}]\\tSHIFTED ONE = [{shifted_one:08b}]\");\n                println!(\"DATA_OFFSET FOR SOURCE DATA {}x{} is {} / offset by {}x{} and should be {} working with byte {:08b}\",\n                         bit_in_byte, row_in_sprite, data_offset, x_offset, y_offset, one_shift_set, row_data);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sub_test() {\n        // 2nnn\n        // Call a subroutine at 2nnn\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x124).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x124);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 1);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x564).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x564);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 2);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ret_test() {\n        // Return from a subroutine.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.stack.push(\u00260x132);\n        x.stack.push(\u00260xabc);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::RET.execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xabc);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 1);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::RET.execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x132);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 0);\n    }\n\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ldvxk_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert!(matches!(x.state, WaitingForKey));\n    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imgui::Key;\n\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Keypad {\n    keys: [bool; 0x10],\n}\n\nimpl Keypad {\n    pub fn format_as_string(\u0026self) -\u003e String {\n        let mut return_value = String::new();\n        // draw a 4x4 grid showing the keys with * filling the cells that are depressed\n        let keys = [\n            [0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0xc],[0x4, 0x5, 0x6, 0xd],[0x7, 0x8, 0x9, 0xe],[0xa, 0x0, 0xb, 0xf]\n        ];\n\n        for row in keys.iter() {\n            for (index, key) in row.iter().enumerate() {\n                let is_lit = if self.keys[*key] { \"*\".to_string() } else { char::from_digit(*key as u32, 16).unwrap_or(' ').to_string() };\n                match index {\n                    3 =\u003e {\n                        // last in col\n                        return_value += format!(\"|{}|\\n\", is_lit).as_str();\n                    }\n                    _=\u003e {\n                        return_value += format!(\"|{}\", is_lit).as_str();\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n        }\n\n        return_value\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Default for Keypad {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Keypad {\n            keys: [ false; 16]\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Keypad {\n    pub fn push_key(\u0026mut self, key_index: u8) {\n        self.keys[key_index as usize] = true;\n    }\n\n    pub fn release_key(\u0026mut self, key_index: u8) {\n        self.keys[key_index as usize] = false;\n    }\n\n    pub fn key_state(\u0026self, key_index: u8) -\u003e bool {\n        self.keys[key_index as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Keypad {\n        Keypad::default()\n    }\n\n    pub fn pressed(\u0026self, key: u8) -\u003e bool {\n        self.key_state(key)\n    }\n    pub fn released(\u0026self, key: u8) -\u003e bool {\n        !self.key_state(key)\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn keys_check() {\n        let mut k = Keypad::new();\n\n        for i in 0..16 {\n            assert!(!k.key_state(i));\n        }\n\n        // press a key\n        k.push_key(1);\n        k.push_key(2);\n        assert!(k.pressed(1));\n        assert!(k.pressed(2));\n        k.release_key(1);\n        assert!(k.released(1));\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":10,"address":[19767608,19767854,19765968],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":11,"address":[1791903],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":13,"address":[1792100],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":14,"address":[1791908],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":17,"address":[1792488,1792241,1792324],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":18,"address":[1792504],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":19,"address":[1792764,1792952],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":20,"address":[1792944],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":23,"address":[1793228,1793357],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":26,"address":[1793622,1793493],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":32,"address":[1792445],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":37,"address":[1793744],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":39,"address":[19767886],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":45,"address":[1793808],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":46,"address":[1793867,1793829],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":49,"address":[1793888],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":50,"address":[1793947,1793909],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":53,"address":[1793968],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":54,"address":[19768117,19768159],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":57,"address":[1794064],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":58,"address":[1794072],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":61,"address":[1794096],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":62,"address":[1794112],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":64,"address":[1794144],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":65,"address":[1794160],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":14,"coverable":25},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","registers.rs"],"content":"use log::debug;\n\n/// Registers.  numbered 1-16 publicly.\n/// Privately using zero base array so -1 to shift from pub to priv.\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Chip8Registers {\n    registers: [u8; 16],\n    i_register: u16,\n    pc: u16,\n    sp: u16,\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Registers {\n    pub fn advance_pc(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.pc += 2;\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Registers {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Registers {\n            registers: [0x00; 16],\n            i_register: 0x00,\n            pc: 0x200,\n            sp: 0x100,\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Registers {\n    pub fn poke_pc(\u0026mut self, new_pc: u16) {\n        self.pc = new_pc\n    }\n    pub fn peek_i(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        self.i_register\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke_i(\u0026mut self, new_value: u16) {\n        self.i_register = new_value;\n    }\n    pub fn peek(\u0026self, register_number: u8) -\u003e u8 {\n        self.registers[(register_number) as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke(\u0026mut self, register_number: u8, value: u8) {\n        if register_number \u003e 0xf {\n            panic!(\"INVALID REGISTER\");\n        }\n        self.registers[(register_number) as usize] = value;\n    }\n\n    pub fn peek_pc(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        self.pc\n    }\n\n    pub fn set_pc(\u0026mut self, new_pc: u16) {\n        self.pc = new_pc\n    }\n\n    pub fn format_as_string(\u0026self) -\u003e String {\n        format!(\"Vx: 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x}\\n    0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x}\\nI: 0x{:04x}\\tPC: 0x{:04x}\",\n                self.registers[0x0],\n                self.registers[0x1],\n                self.registers[0x2],\n                self.registers[0x3],\n                self.registers[0x4],\n                self.registers[0x5],\n                self.registers[0x6],\n                self.registers[0x7],\n                self.registers[0x8],\n                self.registers[0x9],\n                self.registers[0xa],\n                self.registers[0xb],\n                self.registers[0xc],\n                self.registers[0xd],\n                self.registers[0xe],\n                self.registers[0xf],\n                self.i_register,\n                self.pc\n        )\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use crate::chip8::registers::Chip8Registers;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn register_rw_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Registers::default();\n        x.poke(0x0, 0xff);\n        x.poke(0x1, 0xab);\n        assert_eq!(x.peek(0x0), 0xff);\n        assert_eq!(x.peek(0x1), 0xab);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn pc_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Registers::default();\n        x.set_pc(0x300);\n        assert_eq!(x.peek_pc(), 0x300);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    #[should_panic]\n    fn invalid_register() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Registers::default();\n        x.poke(0x10, 0xff);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn format_as_string_looks_right() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Registers::default();\n        for i in 0..0x10 {\n            x.registers[i] = i as u8;\n        }\n        x.pc = 0xabc;\n        x.i_register = 0xcab;\n        let result_string = x.format_as_string();\n        assert_eq!(result_string, String::from(\"Vx: 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07\\n    0x08 0x09 0x0a 0x0b 0x0c 0x0d 0x0e 0x0f\\nI: 0x0cab\\tPC: 0x0abc\"));\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":14,"address":[1780368],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":15,"address":[1780419,1780381],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":20,"address":[1780448],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":22,"address":[1780462],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":31,"address":[1780544],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":32,"address":[1780557],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":34,"address":[1780576],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":35,"address":[1780581],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":38,"address":[1780592],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":39,"address":[1780605],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":41,"address":[1780624],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":42,"address":[1780682,1780645],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":45,"address":[1780704],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":46,"address":[1780739],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":47,"address":[1780763],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":49,"address":[1780747,1780824,1780837],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}},{"line":52,"address":[1780864],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":53,"address":[1780869],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":56,"address":[1780880],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":57,"address":[1780893],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":60,"address":[1780912],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":61,"address":[1781782,1787356,1781503,1784804,1783412,1782061,1785732,1782616,1781131,1782433,1786660,1787124,1783876,1785036,1781038,1781596,1786196,1786892,1785964,1785268,1782154,1782340,1781224,1781689,1785500,1784108,1784572,1784340,1782247,1781317,1781875,1783644,1786428,1782526,1781968,1781410],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":36}}],"covered":22,"coverable":22},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","sound_timer.rs"],"content":"use std::{thread, time};\nuse beep::beep;\nuse log::trace;\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct SoundTimer {\n    counter: i32\n}\n\nimpl SoundTimer {\n    pub fn current(\u0026self) -\u003e i32 {\n        self.counter\n    }\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        SoundTimer {\n            counter: 0\n        }\n    }\n    pub fn set_timer(\u0026mut self, new_value: i32) {\n        trace!(\"SETTING SOUND TIMER TO {new_value}\");\n        self.counter = new_value\n    }\n\n    pub fn tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        trace!(\"TICKING SOUND FROM {} to {}\", self.counter, self.counter - 1);\n        if self.counter \u003e 0 {\n            self.counter -= 1;\n            /*\n            todo: this breaks tests.  maybe its wrong?\n            if let good_thread = thread::spawn(|| {\n                beep(440).expect(\"Unable to beep\");\n                thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(500));\n            }).join().unwrap().\n             */\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ticks_reduce_time() {\n        let mut st = SoundTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(100);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 97);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn out_of_ticks_works() {\n        let mut st = SoundTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(0);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 0);\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":11,"address":[1755072],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":12,"address":[1755077],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":19,"address":[1755104],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":20,"address":[1755206,1755328,1755128],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":21,"address":[1755164],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":24,"address":[1755472],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":25,"address":[1755492,1755570,1755685,1755823],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":26,"address":[1755528,1756052],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":27,"address":[1756028,1756054],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":9,"coverable":9},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","stack.rs"],"content":"#[derive(Clone)]\npub struct Chip8Stack {\n    items: Vec\u003cu16\u003e\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Stack {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Stack  {\n            items: vec![],\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Stack {\n    pub fn push(\u0026mut self, new_value: \u0026u16) {\n        if self.depth() == 16 {\n            panic!(\"Stack Overflow\");\n        }\n        self.items.push(*new_value );\n    }\n    pub fn pop(\u0026mut self) -\u003e u16 {\n        if self.items.is_empty() {\n            panic!(\"Stack Underflow\");\n        }\n        self.items.pop().unwrap()\n    }\n    pub fn depth(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        self.items.len() as u16\n    }\n\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Stack {\n            items: vec![]\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use rand::random;\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn push_pop_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n\n        // lets see if we can push and pop a bunch\n        x.push(\u00260xabcu16);\n        x.push(\u00260xcdeu16);\n        x.pop();\n        assert_eq!(x.depth(), 1);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    #[should_panic]\n    fn stack_overflow_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n        for i  in 0..17 {\n            x.push(\u0026i);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    #[should_panic]\n    fn stack_underflow_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n        x.pop();\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn lots_of_subs() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n        let stack_contents = [0x123, 0x321, 0xabc, 0xdef,\n                                      0xbad, 0xbef, 0xfed, 0xcab,\n                                      0xbed, 0xcad, 0xfeb, 0xcab,\n                                      0xfff, 0x000, 0x001];\n        for i in stack_contents {\n            x.push(\u0026i);\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(x.depth(), 15);\n\n        // up to 50 random loops\n        let num_loops: u8 = random::\u003cu8\u003e() % 50;\n        for i in 0..num_loops {\n            let start_count = x.depth();\n            let num_pop = random::\u003cu8\u003e() % x.depth() as u8;\n            for current_pop in 0..num_pop {\n                x.pop();\n            }\n\n            let post_pop_count = x.depth();\n            assert_eq!(post_pop_count as u8, start_count as u8 - num_pop);\n            for current_push in 0..num_pop {\n                x.push(\u0026stack_contents[(current_push + post_pop_count as u8) as usize]);\n            }\n            assert_eq!(x.depth(), 15);\n        }\n\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":7,"address":[19710288],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":9,"address":[1760845],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":15,"address":[1760896],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":16,"address":[1760920],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":17,"address":[1760931],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":19,"address":[1760986],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":21,"address":[1761008],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":22,"address":[1761022],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":23,"address":[1761094],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":25,"address":[1761037],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":27,"address":[1761152],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":28,"address":[1761157],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":31,"address":[1761168],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":33,"address":[1761181],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":14,"coverable":14},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","system_memory.rs"],"content":"use glium::RawUniformValue::Vec2;\nuse image::load;\nuse imgui::sys::ImColor;\nuse imgui::{ImColor32, Ui};\nuse log::{debug, trace};\nuse ratatui::{style::Style, widgets::Widget};\n\nuse crate::constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};\n\npub const CHIP8_PROGRAM_LOAD_OFFSET: i32 = 0x200;\npub const CHIP8FONT_0: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_1: [u8; 5] = [0x20, 0x60, 0x20, 0x20, 0x70];\npub const CHIP8FONT_2: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_3: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_4: [u8; 5] = [0x90, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0x10];\npub const CHIP8FONT_5: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_6: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_7: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x40];\npub const CHIP8FONT_8: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_9: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_A: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0x90];\npub const CHIP8FONT_B: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_C: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_D: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_E: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_F: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80];\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Chip8SystemMemory {\n    memory: [u8; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize],\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8SystemMemory {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n\n        let mut x = Chip8SystemMemory {\n            memory: [0x00; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize],\n        };\n\n        x.load_fonts_to_memory();\n        x\n    }\n}\n\nconst cell_width: i32 = 5i32;\nconst cell_height: i32 = 5i32;\n\nimpl Chip8SystemMemory {\n    \n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8SystemMemory {\n            memory: [0x00; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize],\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn peek(self, address: u16) -\u003e u8 {\n        trace!(\"PEEK: {} / {}\", address, self.memory[address as usize].clone());\n        self.memory[address as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke(\u0026mut self, address: u16, value: u8)  {\n        trace!(\"POKE: {} / {} to {}\", address, self.memory[address as usize], value);\n        self.memory[address as usize] = value;\n    }\n\n    pub fn load_program(\u0026mut self, program_to_load: Box\u003cVec\u003cu8\u003e\u003e) {\n        for load_index in 0..program_to_load.len() {\n            self.poke((load_index + 0x200) as u16, program_to_load[load_index]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn load_fonts_to_memory(\u0026mut self) {\n        let all_font_characters = [\n            CHIP8FONT_0,\n            CHIP8FONT_1,\n            CHIP8FONT_2,\n            CHIP8FONT_3,\n            CHIP8FONT_4,\n            CHIP8FONT_5,\n            CHIP8FONT_6,\n            CHIP8FONT_7,\n            CHIP8FONT_8,\n            CHIP8FONT_9,\n            CHIP8FONT_A,\n            CHIP8FONT_B,\n            CHIP8FONT_C,\n            CHIP8FONT_D,\n            CHIP8FONT_E,\n            CHIP8FONT_F,\n        ];\n\n        for (font_index, current_font) in all_font_characters.iter().enumerate() {\n            for font_mem_offset in 0..=4 {\n                let real_offset = font_index * 5 + font_mem_offset;\n                self.poke(real_offset as u16, current_font[font_mem_offset]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn model_smoke() {\n        let m = Chip8SystemMemory::default();\n        for i in 0..5 {\n            assert_eq!(m.peek(i), CHIP8FONT_0[i as usize]);\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(m.peek((CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE - 1) as u16), 0);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn known_data_loaded_correctly() {\n        let to_load = [ 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05 , 0x06 ];\n        let mut x = Chip8SystemMemory::default();\n\n        for (index, value) in [1..10].iter().enumerate() {\n            assert_ne!(x.peek(0), 0x01);\n            x.poke(0, 0x01);\n            assert_eq!(x.peek(0), 0x01);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn verify_load_program() {\n        // first line of 1-chip-logo.ch8\n        let program_to_load = [0x00e0, 0x6101, 0x6008, 0xa250, 0xd01f, 0x6010, 0xa25f, 0xd01f];\n\n        let mut x = Chip8SystemMemory::new();\n\n        \n    }\n}\n","traces":[{"line":34,"address":[19747712],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":37,"address":[1788140],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":40,"address":[1788183],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":41,"address":[1788198],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":50,"address":[1788240],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":52,"address":[1788269],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":56,"address":[1788320],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":57,"address":[1788340,1788554,1788704,1788426],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":58,"address":[1788934,1788371,1788918],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":61,"address":[1788960],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":62,"address":[1788994,1789080,1789208,1789430],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}},{"line":63,"address":[1789680,1789700,1789025],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}},{"line":66,"address":[19749685,19749344],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":67,"address":[1789935,1789817,1789750],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[1789953],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":72,"address":[1790096],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":73,"address":[1790116],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":92,"address":[1790623,1790457],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}},{"line":93,"address":[1790665],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":94,"address":[1790919,1790829],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":95,"address":[1790955,1790911],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}}],"covered":18,"coverable":21},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","util.rs"],"content":"pub struct InstructionUtil {}\n\nimpl InstructionUtil {\n    pub fn byte_to_bools(to_convert: u8) -\u003e [bool; 8] {\n        let mut return_values = [false; 8];\n        for i in 0..8 {\n            let new_value = to_convert \u003e\u003e i \u0026 0x1 == 1;\n            return_values[i as usize] = new_value;\n        }\n        return_values\n    }\n\n    pub fn bools_to_byte(to_convert: [bool; 8]) -\u003e u8 {\n        let mut return_value = 0u8;\n        for i in 0..to_convert.len() {\n            let new_bit = 0x1 \u003c\u003c i;\n            if to_convert[i] {\n                return_value = return_value | new_bit\n            }\n        }\n        return_value\n    }\n\n    pub fn split_bytes(to_split: u16) -\u003e (u8, u8) {\n        let high = to_split.rotate_left(8) as u8;\n        let low = (to_split \u0026 0xff) as u8;\n\n        (high, low)\n    }\n\n    pub fn join_bytes(high: u8, low: u8) -\u003e u16 {\n        let result = (high as u16) \u003c\u003c 8 | low as u16;\n        result\n    }\n\n    // nnn or addr - A 12-bit value, the lowest 12 bits of the instruction\n    pub fn read_addr_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x0FFF\n    }\n\n    // n or nibble - A 4-bit value, the lowest 4 bits of the instruction\n    pub fn read_nibble_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x000F\n    }\n\n    // x - A 4-bit value, the lower 4 bits of the high byte of the instruction\n    pub fn read_x_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x0F00).rotate_right(8)\n    }\n\n    // y - A 4-bit value, the upper 4 bits of the low byte of the instruction\n    pub fn read_y_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x00F0).rotate_right(4)\n    }\n\n    // kk or byte - An 8-bit value, the lowest 8 bits of the instruction\n    pub fn read_byte_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x00FF)\n    }\n\n    pub fn read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (to_read_from \u0026 0x0f00) \u003e\u003e 8\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn split_bytes() {\n        // from 0xABCD we should have AB high, CD low\n        let (low, high) = InstructionUtil::split_bytes(0xabcd);\n        assert_eq!(low, 0xAB);\n        assert_eq!(high, 0xCD);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn join_bytes() {\n        // from 0xAB low and 0xCD high we get 0xABCD\n        let merged = InstructionUtil::join_bytes(0xcd, 0xab);\n        assert_eq!(merged, 0xcdab);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn read_from_instruction() {\n        // from 0xABCD\n        let source = 0xABCD;\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_addr_from_instruction(source), 0xBCD);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_nibble_from_instruction(source), 0xD);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_x_from_instruction(source), 0xB);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_y_from_instruction(source), 0xC);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_byte_from_instruction(source), 0xCD);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ubln() {\n        // from 0xABCD we should see B\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(0xABCD), 0xB);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(0x0123), 0x1);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(0x0000), 0x0);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn byte_to_bool_changes() {\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b00000000), [false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b11111111), [true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b11001100), [false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b11110000), [false, false, false, false, true, true, true, true]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false]), 0b00000000);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true]), 0b11111111);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true]), 0b11001100);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([false, false, false, false, true, true, true, true]), 0b11110000);\n    }\n}\n","traces":[{"line":4,"address":[1702288],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":5,"address":[1702303],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":6,"address":[1702491,1702390,1702320],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":7,"address":[1702402,1702459],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":8,"address":[19763820,19763877,19763860],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":10,"address":[1702370],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":13,"address":[1702528],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":14,"address":[1702547],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":15,"address":[1702552,1702615],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":16,"address":[1702670,1702630],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":17,"address":[1702691,1702662,1702738],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":18,"address":[1702730],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":21,"address":[1702606],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":24,"address":[1702752],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":25,"address":[1702789],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":26,"address":[1702793],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":31,"address":[19764176],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":32,"address":[1702814],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":37,"address":[1702848],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":38,"address":[1702856],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":42,"address":[1702864],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":43,"address":[1702872],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":47,"address":[1702880],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":48,"address":[1702888],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":52,"address":[1702928],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":53,"address":[1702936],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":57,"address":[1702976],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":58,"address":[1702984],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":61,"address":[1702992],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":62,"address":[1703000],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":30,"coverable":30},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","video.rs"],"content":"use log::{debug, trace};\nuse crate::constants::CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY;\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Chip8Video {\n    memory: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY],\n    pub has_frame_changed: bool\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Video {\n    pub fn cls(\u0026mut self)  {\n        for i in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            self.memory[i] = false;\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn start_frame(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.has_frame_changed = false;\n    }\n\n    pub fn new(initial_configuration: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY]) -\u003e Self {\n        Self {\n            memory: initial_configuration,\n            has_frame_changed: false\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn peek(self, address: u16) -\u003e bool {\n        self.memory[address as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke(\u0026mut self, address: u16, new_value: bool) -\u003e Self {\n        trace!(\"OFFSET: {address} - POKING {new_value}\");\n        let old_value = self.memory[address as usize];\n        if old_value != new_value {\n            trace!(\"**VIDEO** TOGGLING\");\n            self.has_frame_changed = true;\n        } else {\n            trace!(\"NOT TOGGLING\");\n        }\n        self.memory[address as usize] = new_value;\n        self.to_owned()\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke_byte(\u0026mut self, first_address: u16, to_write: u8) -\u003e Self  {\n        for i in (0..8).rev() {\n           let shifted = ((1 \u003c\u003c i) \u0026 to_write) \u003e\u003e i;\n            //\n            let target_address = first_address + (7 - i);\n            let is_set = shifted == 1;\n           self.poke(target_address, is_set);\n        }\n        self.to_owned()\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke_sprite(\u0026mut self, first_address: u16, to_write: Vec\u003cu8\u003e) -\u003e Self {\n        let sprite_length = to_write.len();\n\n        for (index, byte) in to_write.iter().enumerate() {\n            let real_address = index * 64;\n            self.poke_byte(real_address as u16, *byte);\n        }\n        self.to_owned()\n    }\n\n    pub fn format_as_string(self) -\u003e String {\n        let mut output = String::new();\n        for row in 0..32 {\n            for column in 0..64 {\n                let data_offset = row * 64 + column;\n                debug!(\"Rendering {data_offset} with value {}\", self.memory[data_offset]);\n                if self.memory[data_offset] {\n                    output += \"*\"\n                } else {\n                    output += \" \"\n                }\n            }\n            output += \"\\n\";\n        }\n\n        output\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Video {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Self { memory: [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY as usize], has_frame_changed: false }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use std::fs::File;\n    use std::io::Read;\n    use crate::chip8::system_memory::{CHIP8FONT_0, CHIP8FONT_1, CHIP8FONT_2, CHIP8FONT_3, CHIP8FONT_4, CHIP8FONT_5, CHIP8FONT_6, CHIP8FONT_7};\n    use crate::constants::{CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn default_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n\n        for i in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            assert!(!x.peek(i as u16));\n            // then flip the value and test again.\n            \u0026x.poke(i as u16, true);\n            assert!(x.peek(i as u16));\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn string_test_1() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n        let mut working_string = String::new();\n        for i in 0..32 {\n            working_string += \u0026*(\" \".repeat(64) + \"\\n\");\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(working_string, x.format_as_string());\n\n        let mut working_string = String::new();\n        // set a checkerboard...\n        for cb_row in 0..32 {\n            for cb_col in 0..64 {\n                let data_offset = cb_row * 64 + cb_col;\n                if data_offset % 2 == 0 {\n                    x.poke(data_offset, true);\n                    working_string += \"*\";\n                } else {\n                    x.poke(data_offset, false);\n                    working_string += \" \";\n                }\n            }\n            working_string += \"\\n\";\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(working_string, x.format_as_string());\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn set_initial_memory() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n        // let mut initial_memory = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let mut ws = String::new();\n        // set our checkerboard\n        for cbr in 0..32 {\n            for cbc in 0..64 {\n                let dof = cbr * 64 + cbc;\n                if (dof as i32 % 2) == 0 {\n                    x.poke(dof, true);\n                    ws += \"*\";\n                } else {\n                    ws += \" \";\n                }\n            }\n            ws += \"\\n\";\n        }\n        assert_eq!(x.format_as_string(), ws);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_byte() {\n        let to_poke = 0b11001111;\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n        x.poke_byte(0x05, to_poke);\n        let mut expected = String::new();\n        expected = \"     **  ****                                                   \\n\".to_string();\n        for i in 0..31 {\n            expected += \u0026*(\" \".repeat(64) + \"\\n\");\n        }\n        assert_eq!(x.format_as_string(), expected);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn cls() {\n        let mut initial_memory = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let mut ws = String::new();\n        // set our checkerboard\n        for cbr in 0..32 {\n            for cbc in 0..64 {\n                let dof = cbr * 64 + cbc;\n                if (dof as i32 % 2) == 0 {\n                    initial_memory[dof] = true;\n                }\n                ws += \" \";\n            }\n            ws += \"\\n\";\n        }\n        let mut set_x = Chip8Video::new(initial_memory);\n        set_x.cls();\n        assert_eq!(set_x.format_as_string(), ws);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_byte_test() {\n        let to_poke = 0b10101010;\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        v.poke_byte(0x00, to_poke);\n        assert!(v.peek(0x00));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x02));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x04));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x06));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x01));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x03));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x05));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x07));\n        for i in 0x8..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            assert!(!v.peek(i as u16));\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_multi_line_test() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        let to_poke = [\n            0b00000000,\n            0b11111111,\n            0b10101010,\n            0b01010101\n        ];\n\n        for (byte_in_set, byte_to_poke) in to_poke.iter().enumerate() {\n            let base_offset = byte_in_set * 64;\n           v.poke_byte(base_offset as u16, *byte_to_poke);\n        }\n\n        // row 2 column 1\n        {\n            assert!(v.peek(0x40));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x41));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x42));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x43));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x44));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x45));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x46));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x47));\n\n            // row 3 column 1\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC0));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC1));\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC2));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC3));\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC4));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC5));\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC6));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC7));\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn moved_poke_test() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        let to_poke = [\n            0b00000000,\n            0b11111111,\n            0b10101010,\n            0b01010101\n        ];\n\n        let x_offset = 20;\n        let y_offset = 5;\n\n\n        for (byte_in_set, byte_to_poke) in to_poke.iter().enumerate() {\n            let base_offset = (x_offset + byte_in_set) * 64 + y_offset;\n            v.poke_byte(base_offset as u16, *byte_to_poke);\n        }\n\n        let test_offset = (x_offset * 64 + y_offset) as u16;\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 1));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 2));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 3));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 4));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 5));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 6));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 7));\n\n        let test_offset= test_offset + 0x40;\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 1));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 2));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 3));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 4));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 5));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 6));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 7));\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_sprite_test() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        let to_poke = [\n            0b00000000,\n            0b11111111,\n            0b10101010,\n            0b01010101\n        ];\n\n        v.poke_sprite(0x00, to_poke.into());\n\n        assert!(v.peek(0x40));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x41));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x42));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x43));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x44));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x45));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x46));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x47));\n\n        // row 3 column 1\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC0));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC1));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC2));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC3));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC4));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC5));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC6));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC7));\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn verify_change_registered() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        v.poke(0x01, true);\n        assert!(v.has_frame_changed);\n\n        v.start_frame();\n        assert!(!v.has_frame_changed);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn write_checkboard() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        for current_row in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH {\n            for current_col in 0..(CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT / 8){\n                let offset = current_row * CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT + current_col;\n                println!(\"CHECKBOARD OFFSET = {offset}\");\n                v.poke(offset as u16, offset % 2 == 0);\n            }\n        }\n        println!(\"{}\", v.format_as_string());\n        println!(\"fsck is a cool tool\");\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn zero_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n\n        x.poke_byte(0x00, CHIP8FONT_0[0]);\n        x.poke_byte(0x40, CHIP8FONT_0[1]);\n        x.poke_byte(0x80, CHIP8FONT_0[2]);\n        x.poke_byte(0xC0, CHIP8FONT_0[3]);\n        x.poke_byte(0x100, CHIP8FONT_0[4]);\n\n        assert_eq!(std::fs::read_to_string(\"../resources/test/test_video_zero.asc\")\n                       .unwrap(),\n                   x.format_as_string());\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn multi_sprite_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n        // draw a row of digits 01234567\n\n        let start_offset = 0x00;\n        let per_row_skip = 0x40;\n        let to_draw = [CHIP8FONT_0, CHIP8FONT_1, CHIP8FONT_2, CHIP8FONT_3, CHIP8FONT_4, CHIP8FONT_5, CHIP8FONT_6, CHIP8FONT_7];\n        for (index, sprite) in to_draw.iter().enumerate() {\n            let data_base_offset = index * 0x8;\n            println!(\"STARTING {index} at 0x{data_base_offset:04x} ({data_base_offset})\");\n            x.poke_byte(data_base_offset as u16, sprite[0]);\n            x.poke_byte((data_base_offset + 0x40) as u16, sprite[1]);\n            x.poke_byte((data_base_offset + 0x80) as u16, sprite[2]);\n            x.poke_byte((data_base_offset + 0xC0) as u16, sprite[3]);\n            x.poke_byte((data_base_offset + 0x100) as u16, sprite[4]);\n        }\n\n\n        assert_eq!(std::fs::read_to_string(\"../resources/test/test_multi_sprite.asc\")\n                       .unwrap(),\n                   x.format_as_string());    }\n}\n","traces":[{"line":11,"address":[19759680],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":12,"address":[1756318,1756414,1756377],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":13,"address":[1756421,1756392],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":17,"address":[1756448],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":18,"address":[1756453],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":21,"address":[1756464],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":28,"address":[19759904],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":29,"address":[1756544,1756587],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":32,"address":[1756608],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":33,"address":[1756740,1756969,1756654],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":34,"address":[1757194,1756685,1757164],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":35,"address":[1757176,1757533],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":36,"address":[1757566,1757254],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":37,"address":[1757526],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":39,"address":[1757215,1757354],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":41,"address":[19760676,19761123,19761156],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":42,"address":[1757757],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":45,"address":[1757808],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":46,"address":[1757962,1757867],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":6}},{"line":47,"address":[1758095,1757980],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":49,"address":[1758217,1758072,1758121],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":6}},{"line":50,"address":[1758176],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":51,"address":[1758193],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":53,"address":[19761320],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":56,"address":[1758761,1758240],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":57,"address":[1758294,1758361],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":59,"address":[1758369,1758614],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":60,"address":[1758708,1758650,1758736],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":61,"address":[19762096,19762140],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":63,"address":[1758607],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":66,"address":[19762176,19763504],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":67,"address":[1758820],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":68,"address":[1758825,1758921,1759062],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":69,"address":[1759237,1759083],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":70,"address":[19762775,19762650,19762685],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":71,"address":[1759405,1759676,1759341,1759804,1759476],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":72,"address":[19763390,19762803],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":73,"address":[1760075,1760107],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":75,"address":[1760048,1760102],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":78,"address":[1759278,1759205],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":81,"address":[1759019],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":86,"address":[1760144],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":87,"address":[1760161],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}}],"covered":43,"coverable":43},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","constants.rs"],"content":"pub const CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT: i32 = 16;\npub const CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE: i32 = 4096i32;\npub const CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH: i32 = 64i32;\npub const CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT: i32 = 32i32;\npub const CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY: usize = (CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT * CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH) as usize;\npub const CHIP8_ROM_SIZE: usize = 512;\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","lib.rs"],"content":"pub mod chip8 {\n    pub mod video;\n    pub mod sound_timer;\n    pub mod delay_timer;\n    pub mod keypad;\n    pub mod computer;\n    pub mod system_memory;\n    pub mod instructions;\n    pub mod cpu_states;\n    pub mod util;\n    pub mod registers;\n\n    pub mod stack;\n}\n\npub mod constants;","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0}]};
+        var previousData = {"files":[{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","chip8_constants.rs"],"content":"\npub const CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE: u16 = 0x1000;\npub const CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE_USIZE: usize = 0x1000;\n\npub const FONT_0: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_1: [u8; 5] = [0x20, 0x60, 0x20, 0x20, 0x70];\npub const FONT_2: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_3: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_4: [u8; 5] = [0x90, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0x10];\npub const FONT_5: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_6: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_7: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x40];\npub const FONT_8: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_9: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_A: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0x90];\npub const FONT_B: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const FONT_C: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_D: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const FONT_E: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const FONT_F: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xf0, 0x80, 0x80];\n\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","chip8_mnemonics.rs"],"content":"use bitmask::bitmask;\n\nuse crate::{chip8_constants::CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, parts::Display::Chip8Display};\n\nenum Chip8StartOffset {\n    STANDARD,\n    ETI600,\n    OTHER,\n}\n\nstruct Chip8Registers {\n    V: [u8; 16],\n    I: u16,\n    DelayTimer: u16,\n    SoundTimer: u16,\n    StackPointer: u8,\n    ProgramCounter: u16,\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Registers {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Registers {\n            DelayTimer: 60,\n            V: [\n                0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\n                0x00, 0x00,\n            ],\n            I: 0x00,\n            SoundTimer: 60,\n            StackPointer: 255,\n            ProgramCounter: 0x200,\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nenum Chip8Instruction {\n    SYS(u16),\n    CLS,\n    RET,\n    JMP(u16),\n    CALL(u16),\n    SNEQ(u8, u16),\n    SNNE(u8, u8),\n    SNRE(u8, u8),\n    STOR(u8, u16),\n    ADD(u8, u16),\n    MOV(u8, u8),\n    OR(u8, u8),\n    AND(u8, u8),\n    XOR(u8, u8),\n    ADC(u8, u8),\n    SBC(u8, u8),\n    RSR(u8, u8),\n    LSR(u8, u8),\n    SNE(u8, u8),\n    STO(i16),\n    JMPI(u16),\n    RND(u8, u8),\n    SETD(u8),\n    SETT(u8),\n    BCD(u8),\n}\n\nenum Chip8Keys {\n    KEY0,\n    KEY1,\n    KEY2,\n    KEY3,\n    KEY4,\n    KEY5,\n    KEY6,\n    KEY7,\n    KEY8,\n    KEY9,\n    KEYA,\n    KEYB,\n    KEYC,\n    KEYD,\n    KEYE,\n    KEYF,\n}\n\npub fn display_video_memory(system_memory: [u8; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize]) {\n    // Assumes memory addresses from\n}\n\nconst ZERO: u16 = 0b0000000000000000;\nconst BOTTOM_BYTE: u16 = 0b0000000011111111;\nconst TOP_BYTE: u16 = 0b1111111100000000;\nconst NIBBLE0: u16 = 0b1111000000000000;\nconst NIBBLE1: u16 = 0b0000111100000000;\nconst NIBBLE2: u16 = 0b0000000011110000;\nconst NIBBLE3: u16 = 0b0000000000001111;\nconst NIBBLE0_BALANCE: u16 = 0x0FFF;\nconst PMSK_0000: i16 = 0x0000;\nconst PMSK_00X0: i16 = 0x00F0;\nconst PMSK_0X00: i16 = 0x0F00;\nconst PMSK_0XXX: i16 = 0x0FFF;\n\n// AND against the possible operand to find which one we have\nbitmask! {\n    mask Chip8Instructions: u16 where flags Chip8InstructionFlags {\n        SYS       = 0x00,\n        CLR       = 0b0000000011100000,\n        RTS       = 0b0000000011101110,\n        JUMP      = 0b0001000000000000,\n        CALL      = 0b0010000000000000,\n        SKE       = 0b0011000000000000,\n        SKNE      = 0b0100000000000000,\n        SKRE      = 0b0101000000000000,\n        LOAD      = 0b0110000000000000,\n        ADD       = 0b0111000000000000,\n        MOVE      = 0b1000000000000000,\n        OR        = 0b1000000000000001,\n        AND       = 0b1000000000000010,\n        XOR       = 0b1000000000000011,\n        ADDR      = 0b1000000000000100,\n        SUB       = 0b1000000000000101,\n        SHR       = 0b1000000000000110,\n        SHL       = 0b1000000000001110,\n        SKRNE     = 0b1001000000000000,\n        LOADI     = 0b1010000000000000,\n        JUMPI     = 0b1011000000000000,\n        RAND      = 0b1100000000000000,\n        DRAW      = 0b1101000000000000,\n        SKPR      = 0b1110000000001110,\n        SKUP      = 0b1111000010100001,\n        MOVED     = 0b1111000000000111, \n        KEYD      = 0b1111000000001010,  \n        LOADD     = 0b1111000000010101,  \n        LOADS     = 0b1111000000011000, \n        ADDI      = 0b1111000000011110, \n        LDSPR     = 0b1111000000101001,  \n        BCD       = 0b1111000000110011, \n        STOR      = 0b1111000001010101,  \n        MEMCPY    = 0b1111000001100101   \n    }\n}\n\nenum Chip8Asm {\n    SYS(u16),\n    CLR(),\n    RTS(),\n    JUMP(u16),\n    CALL(u16),\n    SKE(u8, u8),\n    SKNE(u8, u8),\n    SKRE(u8, u8),\n    LOAD(u8, u8),\n    ADD(u8, u8),\n    MOVE(u8, u8),\n    OR(u8, u8),\n    AND(u8, u8),\n    XOR(u8, u8),\n    ADDR(u8, u8),\n    SUB(u8, u8),\n    SHR(u8, u8),\n    SHL(u8, u8),\n    SKRNE(u8, u8),\n    LOADI(u16),\n    JUMPI(u16),\n    RAND(u8, u8),\n    DRAW(u8, u8, u8),\n    SKPR(u8),\n    SKUP(u8),\n    MOVED(u8),\n    KEYD(u8),\n    LOADD(u8),\n    LOADS(u8),\n    ADDI(u8),\n    LDSPR(u8),\n    BCD(u8),\n    STOR(u8),\n    READ(u8),\n}\n\nstruct Chip8Cpu {}\n\nstruct Chip8System {\n    registers: Chip8Registers,\n    system_memory: [u8; 2048]\n}\n\nimpl Chip8System {\n    pub fn tick(mut self) {\n        println!(\" Ticking Chip8System\");\n\n        let next_instruction = self.system_memory[self.registers.ProgramCounter as usize] as u16;\n        println!(\"READ INSTRUCTION {next_instruction}\");\n        self.registers.ProgramCounter += 0x2;\n\n        \u0026self.delay_timer_tick();\n        \u0026self.sound_timer_tick();\n\n        // self.screen.tick();\n    }\n\n    fn delay_timer_tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.registers.DelayTimer = self.registers.DelayTimer - 1;\n\n    }\n\n    fn sound_timer_tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.registers.SoundTimer = self.registers.SoundTimer - 1;\n\n    }\n}\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","lib.rs"],"content":"pub mod chip8_mnemonics;\npub mod chip8_constants;\n\npub mod parts {\n    pub mod CPU;\n    pub mod Display;\n    pub mod Keyboard;\n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","parts","CPU.rs"],"content":"struct Chip8Registers {\n\n}\n\n\nimpl Chip8Registers {\n    pub fn tick(self: \u0026Self) {\n        println!(\"Ticking Registers\");\n    }\n}\n\npub struct Chip8InstructionParameter {\n   pub mask: u16\n}\n\npub struct Chip8Instruction {\n    pub id: String,\n    pub mask: u16,\n    pub pattern: u16,\n    pub arguments: Vec\u003cChip8InstructionParameter\u003e,\n    pub description: Box\u003cstr\u003e\n}\n\npub fn fill_chip8_instructions() -\u003e [Chip8Instruction; 34] {\n    [\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SYS\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x00,\n            pattern: 0x00,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0FFF\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Execute method at address referenced by parameter\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"CLR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x00E0,\n            pattern: 0x00E0,\n            arguments: vec![],\n            description: \"Clear the Screen\".into()\n },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RET\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x00EE,\n            pattern: 0x00EE,\n            arguments: vec![],\n            description: \"Return from Subroutine\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JMP\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x1FFF,\n            pattern: 0x1000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0fff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump to specified location\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SEQ\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x3FFF,\n            pattern: 0x3000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Skip next instruction if Register does equal parameter\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SNE\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x4FFF,\n            pattern: 0x4000,\n            arguments: vec! [\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Skip next instruction if Register doesn't equal parameter\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SREQ\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x5FF0,\n            pattern: 0x5000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"STO\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x6FFF,\n            pattern: 0x6000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Store value into register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"ADD\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x7FFF,\n            pattern: 0x7000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Add value in register 0x0f00 with value 0x00ff\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"CPY\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF0,\n            pattern: 0x8000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Copy value between Register X and Y\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"OR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF1,\n            pattern: 0x8001,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Logical OR of registers placing result in first register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"AND\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF2,\n            pattern: 0x8002,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Logical AND of registers placing result in first register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"XOR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF3,\n            pattern: 0x8003,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Logical XOR of registers placing result in first register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"ADC\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF4,\n            pattern: 0x8004,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Add 2 Registers with carry flag\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SUBC\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF5,\n            pattern: 0x8005,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Subtract 2 Registers with carry flag\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RSR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF6,\n            pattern: 0x8006,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Register Shifted Right\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SUBC\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FF7,\n            pattern: 0x8007,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Subtract 2 Regiters with Carry\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RSL\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x8FFE,\n            pattern: 0x800E,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Register Shifted Left\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SRNE\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0x9FF0,\n            pattern: 0x9000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Skip next instruction if registers not equal\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"LDI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xAFFF,\n            pattern: 0xA000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0fff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load Data from Memory Address\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JMPI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xBFFF,\n            pattern: 0xB000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0fff\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump to Memory Address\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"RNG\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xCFFF,\n            pattern: 0xC000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00ff\n                }\n          ],\n            description: \"Random number Generator\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SPR\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xDFFF,\n            pattern: 0xD000,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x00f0\n                },\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x000f\n                }\n                \n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JNK\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xEF9E,\n            pattern: 0xE09E,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump over next instruction if Key Pressed\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"JKP\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xEFA1,\n            pattern: 0xE0A1,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Jump over next instruction if Key Not Pressed\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SDT\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF07,\n            pattern: 0xF007,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0F00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"WKP\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF0A,\n            pattern: 0xF00A,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Wait for a Key to be pressed\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"LDT\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF15,\n            pattern: 0xF015,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load Data Timer\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"LST\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF18,\n            pattern: 0xF018,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load Sound Timer\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"ADDI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF1E,\n            pattern: 0xF01E,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Add register with value at I\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"SETI\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF29,\n            pattern: 0xF029,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"TBD\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction{\n            id: \"BCD\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF33,\n            pattern: 0xF033,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Binary Coded Decimal of register\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction{\n            id: \"MSTO\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF55,\n            pattern: 0xF055,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Store value in register X at offset I\".into()\n        },\n        Chip8Instruction {\n            id: \"MLOAD\".to_string(),\n            mask: 0xFF65,\n            pattern: 0xF065,\n            arguments: vec![\n                Chip8InstructionParameter {\n                    mask: 0x0f00\n                }\n            ],\n            description: \"Load value into register X at offset I\".into()\n        }\n    ]\n}\n\n\nstruct Chip8System {\n\n}\n\nimpl Chip8System {\n    \n}\n\ntrait CpuInstruction {\n    fn execute(input: Chip8System) -\u003e Chip8System;\n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","parts","Display.rs"],"content":"\npub struct Chip8Display {\n    // 64w x 32h\n    pub memory: [bool; 512],\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Display {\n    pub fn tick(self: \u0026Self) {\n        println!(\"Ticking the display\");\n    }\n\n    pub fn render_chip8_display(to_render: Chip8Display) {\n        // 32 rows...\n        for index_row in 0..=32 {\n            // ...64 columns\n            for index_col in 0..=64 {\n                let offset = (index_row * 64) + index_col;\n                if to_render.memory[offset] {\n                    print!(\"*\")\n                } else {\n                    print!(\" \")\n                };\n            }\n            println!();\n        }\n    }\n}\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_core","src","parts","Keyboard.rs"],"content":"\n#[derive(Clone)]\nstruct Chip8Keyboard {\n    keys_state: [bool; 16]\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Keyboard {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Self { keys_state: [ \n            false, false, false, false,\n            false, false, false, false,\n            false, false, false, false,\n            false, false, false, false\n        ] }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Keyboard {\n\n    fn display_keyboard_key(self: Self, key_id: u8) {\n        let filler = if self.is_pressed(key_id) { \"*\" } else { \" \" };\n        print!(\"{}{}{}\", filler, key_id, filler)\n    }\n\n    fn display_keyboard_horizontal_line(self: Self, row_values: [u8; 4]) {\n        print!(\"|\");\n        for current in row_values {\n            self.clone().display_keyboard_key(current);\n            print!(\"|\");\n        }\n        println!();\n    } \n\n    fn display_keyboard_seperator_line(self: Self) {\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n\n    }\n\n    pub fn display_keyboard(self: Self) {\n        self.clone().display_keyboard_seperator_line();\n        self.clone().display_keyboard_horizontal_line(\n            [1,2,3,0xC]\n        );\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n        println!(\"| 4 | 5 | 6 | D |\");\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n        println!(\"| 7 | 8 | 9 | E |\");\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n        println!(\"| A | 0 | B | F |\");\n        println!(\"+---+---+---+---+\");\n    }\n    \n    pub fn press_key(self: \u0026mut Self, key_id: u8) {\n        self.keys_state[key_id as usize] = true;\n    }\n\n    pub fn release_key(self: \u0026mut Self, key_id: u8) {\n        self.keys_state[key_id as usize] = false;\n    }\n\n    pub fn is_pressed(self: Self, key_id: u8) -\u003e bool {\n        self.keys_state[key_id as usize]\n    }\n}\n\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod tests {\n    use super::*;\n    \n    #[test]\n    fn smoke_test() {\n        assert_eq!(true, true);\n    }\n    \n    #[test]\n    fn basic_keyboard_display_works() {\n        let basic_keyboard = Chip8Keyboard::default();\n\n        \n    }\n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","app.rs"],"content":"/*\n\n#[derive(Default)]\npub struct App;\n\nimpl UiBuilder for App {\n    fn do_ui(\u0026mut self, ui: \u0026Ui\u003cSelf\u003e) {\n        #[cfg(feature = \"docking\")]\n        {\n            ui.dock_space_over_viewport(0, imgui::DockNodeFlags::None);\n        }\n        ui.show_demo_window(None);\n\n    }\n}*/","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","gui","display.rs"],"content":"use winit::{application::ApplicationHandler, event_loop::ActiveEventLoop, window::{Window, WindowAttributes}};\n\n/*\npub struct Chip8Display {\n    pub window: MainWindowWithRenderer,\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Display {\n    pub fn new(event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) -\u003e Chip8Display {\n        Chip8Display { window: MainWindowWithRenderer::new(\n            MainWindow::new::\u003c()\u003e(\u0026event_loop, Window::default_attributes().with_title(\"Chip8 Display\")).unwrap())\n         }\n    }\n\n    pub fn render\u003cM\u003e(ui: \u0026Ui\u003cM\u003e) {\n        \n    }\n}\n\nimpl UiBuilder for Chip8AppHandler {\n    fn do_ui(\u0026mut self, ui: \u0026Ui\u003cSelf\u003e) {\n\n        ui.text(\"This is where the Chip8 UI Goes\");\n        ui.text(\"Controls for Start/Stop/Load/Run Maybe?\");\n\n\n    }\n}\n\n#[derive(Default)]\npub struct Chip8AppHandler {\n    pub windows: Vec\u003cMainWindowWithRenderer\u003e,\n  //   pub display: Chip8Display\n}\n\nimpl ApplicationHandler for Chip8AppHandler {\n    fn suspended(\u0026mut self, _event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) {\n        self.windows.clear();\n    }\n\n    fn resumed(\u0026mut self, event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) {\n        self.windows.push(Chip8Display::new(event_loop).window);\n    }\n\n    fn window_event(\n        \u0026mut self,\n        event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop,\n        window_id: winit::window::WindowId,\n        event: winit::event::WindowEvent,\n    ) {\n        for window in \u0026mut self.windows {\n            if window.main_window().window().id() != window_id {\n                continue;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    fn new_events(\u0026mut self, _event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop, _cause: winit::event::StartCause) {\n        for window in \u0026mut self.windows {\n            window.new_events();\n        }\n    }\n    fn about_to_wait(\u0026mut self, _event_loop: \u0026ActiveEventLoop) {\n        for window in \u0026mut self.windows {\n            window.about_to_wait();\n        }\n    }\n\n}\n*/","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","lib.rs"],"content":"pub mod app;\n\npub mod gui {\n    pub mod display;\n}\n\npub mod support;","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","main.rs"],"content":"use trevors_chip8_core::parts::CPU::fill_chip8_instructions;\nuse trevors_chip8_toy::support;\nuse winit::{event::WindowEvent, event_loop::EventLoop};\n\nuse imgui::*;\n/*\npub fn display_instruction_table(current_index: u32, ui: \u0026Ui\u003cApp\u003e) -\u003e u32 {\n        let to_display = fill_chip8_instructions();\n    let mut return_index = current_index;\n    let current_instruction = to_display.get(return_index as usize).unwrap();\n    ui.text(\"Instructions\");\n    ui.set_next_item_width(100f32);\n    ui.with_group(|| {\n        ui.text(format!(\"{}\", current_instruction.description).as_str());\n        if current_instruction.arguments.is_empty() {\n            ui.text(\"No Parameters\");\n        } else {\n            for current_parameter in current_instruction.arguments {\n                ui.text(format!(\"{}\", current_parameter.mask).as_str());\n            }\n        }\n        ui.text(format!(\"{:#}\", current_instruction.arguments).as_str());\n        ui.text(\"This is where cool stuff happens part 2\");\n    });\n    ui.same_line();\n    ui.with_group(|| {\n        for (index, current) in to_display.iter().enumerate() {\n            if ui\n                .selectable_config(current.id.clone())\n                .selected(index == return_index as usize)\n                .build()\n            {\n                return_index = index as u32;\n            }\n        }\n    });\n    return_index\n}\n*/\n\nfn chip8_instructions(initial_index: u32, ui: \u0026mut Ui) -\u003e u32 {\n    let to_display = fill_chip8_instructions();\n    let mut return_index = initial_index;\n    let instruction_to_display = to_display.get(return_index as usize).unwrap();\n    let instruction_window = ui\n        .window(\"Instructions\")\n        .size([400.0, 400.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n        .build(|| {\n            ui.text(\"This should be my current instruction example\");\n            ui.same_line();\n            ui.set_next_item_width(-1.0f32);\n            for (index, instruction) in to_display.iter().enumerate() {\n                if ui\n                    .selectable_config(instruction.id.to_string())\n                    .selected(index as u32 == return_index)\n                    .build()\n                {\n                    return_index = index as u32;\n                    println!(\"RETURN INDEX {return_index}\");\n                }\n            }\n        });\n    return_index\n}\n\nfn main() {\n    let mut value = 0;\n    let choices = [\"test test this is 1\", \"test test this is 2\"];\n\n    let mut selected_instruction = 0;\n\n    support::simple_init(file!(), move |_, ui| {\n        selected_instruction = chip8_instructions(selected_instruction, ui);\n\n        ui.window(\"Hello world\")\n            .size([300.0, 110.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                ui.text_wrapped(\"Hello world!\");\n                if ui.button(choices[value]) {\n                    value += 1;\n                    value %= 2;\n                }\n\n                ui.button(\"This...is...imgui-rs!\");\n                ui.separator();\n                let mouse_pos = ui.io().mouse_pos;\n                ui.text(format!(\n                    \"Mouse Position: ({:.1},{:.1})\",\n                    mouse_pos[0], mouse_pos[1]\n                ));\n            });\n    });\n}\n/*\nfn main() {\n    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().unwrap();\n\n    let mut main = AppHandler::\u003cApp\u003e::default();\n    main.attributes().title = String::from(\"Example-420\");\n\n    event_loop.run_app(\u0026mut main).unwrap();\n}\n\n#[derive(Default)]\npub struct App {\n    pub selected_instruction_index: u32,\n}\n\nimpl App {}\n\nimpl Application for App {\n    type UserEvent = ();\n    type Data = ();\n    fn new(_: Args\u003c()\u003e) -\u003e App {\n        App {\n            selected_instruction_index: 0,\n        }\n    }\n    fn window_event(\u0026mut self, args: Args\u003c()\u003e, _event: WindowEvent, res: EventResult) {\n        if res.window_closed {\n            args.event_loop.exit();\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl imgui::UiBuilder for App {\n    fn do_ui(\u0026mut self, ui: \u0026imgui::Ui\u003cSelf\u003e) {\n        #[cfg(feature = \"docking\")]\n        {\n            ui.dock_space_over_viewport(0, imgui::DockNodeFlags::None);\n        }\n\n        let x = ui.collapsing_header_config(\"collapsing header\");\n\n        ui.with_group(|| {\n            self.selected_instruction_index =\n                display_instruction_table(self.selected_instruction_index, ui);\n        });\n\n        ui.show_demo_window(None);\n    }\n}\n*/\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","support","clipboard.rs"],"content":"use copypasta::{ClipboardContext, ClipboardProvider};\nuse imgui::ClipboardBackend;\n\npub struct ClipboardSupport(pub ClipboardContext);\n\npub fn init() -\u003e Option\u003cClipboardSupport\u003e {\n    ClipboardContext::new().ok().map(ClipboardSupport)\n}\n\nimpl ClipboardBackend for ClipboardSupport {\n    fn get(\u0026mut self) -\u003e Option\u003cString\u003e {\n        self.0.get_contents().ok()\n    }\n    fn set(\u0026mut self, text: \u0026str) {\n        // ignore errors?\n        let _ = self.0.set_contents(text.to_owned());\n    }\n}\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","chip8_toy","src","support","mod.rs"],"content":"use glium::glutin::surface::WindowSurface;\nuse glium::{Display, Surface};\nuse imgui::{Context, FontConfig, FontGlyphRanges, FontSource, Ui};\nuse imgui_glium_renderer::Renderer;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::dpi::LogicalSize;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::event::{Event, WindowEvent};\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::event_loop::EventLoop;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::window::WindowBuilder;\nuse imgui_winit_support::{HiDpiMode, WinitPlatform};\nuse std::path::Path;\nuse std::time::Instant;\n\nmod clipboard;\n\npub const FONT_SIZE: f32 = 13.0;\n\n#[allow(dead_code)] // annoyingly, RA yells that this is unusued\npub fn simple_init\u003cF: FnMut(\u0026mut bool, \u0026mut Ui) + 'static\u003e(title: \u0026str, run_ui: F) {\n    init_with_startup(title, |_, _, _| {}, run_ui);\n}\n\npub fn init_with_startup\u003cFInit, FUi\u003e(title: \u0026str, mut startup: FInit, mut run_ui: FUi)\nwhere\n    FInit: FnMut(\u0026mut Context, \u0026mut Renderer, \u0026Display\u003cWindowSurface\u003e) + 'static,\n    FUi: FnMut(\u0026mut bool, \u0026mut Ui) + 'static,\n{\n    let mut imgui = create_context();\n\n    let title = match Path::new(\u0026title).file_name() {\n        Some(file_name) =\u003e file_name.to_str().unwrap(),\n        None =\u003e title,\n    };\n    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().expect(\"Failed to create EventLoop\");\n\n    let builder = WindowBuilder::new()\n        .with_title(title)\n        .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(1024, 768));\n    let (window, display) = glium::backend::glutin::SimpleWindowBuilder::new()\n        .set_window_builder(builder)\n        .build(\u0026event_loop);\n    let mut renderer = Renderer::init(\u0026mut imgui, \u0026display).expect(\"Failed to initialize renderer\");\n\n    if let Some(backend) = clipboard::init() {\n        imgui.set_clipboard_backend(backend);\n    } else {\n        eprintln!(\"Failed to initialize clipboard\");\n    }\n\n    let mut platform = WinitPlatform::init(\u0026mut imgui);\n    {\n        let dpi_mode = if let Ok(factor) = std::env::var(\"IMGUI_EXAMPLE_FORCE_DPI_FACTOR\") {\n            // Allow forcing of HiDPI factor for debugging purposes\n            match factor.parse::\u003cf64\u003e() {\n                Ok(f) =\u003e HiDpiMode::Locked(f),\n                Err(e) =\u003e panic!(\"Invalid scaling factor: {}\", e),\n            }\n        } else {\n            HiDpiMode::Default\n        };\n\n        platform.attach_window(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, dpi_mode);\n    }\n\n    let mut last_frame = Instant::now();\n\n    startup(\u0026mut imgui, \u0026mut renderer, \u0026display);\n\n    event_loop\n        .run(move |event, window_target| match event {\n            Event::NewEvents(_) =\u003e {\n                let now = Instant::now();\n                imgui.io_mut().update_delta_time(now - last_frame);\n                last_frame = now;\n            }\n            Event::AboutToWait =\u003e {\n                platform\n                    .prepare_frame(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window)\n                    .expect(\"Failed to prepare frame\");\n                window.request_redraw();\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,\n                ..\n            } =\u003e {\n                let ui = imgui.frame();\n\n                let mut run = true;\n                run_ui(\u0026mut run, ui);\n                if !run {\n                    window_target.exit();\n                }\n\n                let mut target = display.draw();\n                target.clear_color_srgb(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);\n                platform.prepare_render(ui, \u0026window);\n                let draw_data = imgui.render();\n                renderer\n                    .render(\u0026mut target, draw_data)\n                    .expect(\"Rendering failed\");\n                target.finish().expect(\"Failed to swap buffers\");\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::Resized(new_size),\n                ..\n            } =\u003e {\n                if new_size.width \u003e 0 \u0026\u0026 new_size.height \u003e 0 {\n                    display.resize((new_size.width, new_size.height));\n                }\n                platform.handle_event(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, \u0026event);\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,\n                ..\n            } =\u003e window_target.exit(),\n            event =\u003e {\n                platform.handle_event(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, \u0026event);\n            }\n        })\n        .expect(\"EventLoop error\");\n}\n\n/// Creates the imgui context\npub fn create_context() -\u003e imgui::Context {\n    let mut imgui = Context::create();\n    // Fixed font size. Note imgui_winit_support uses \"logical\n    // pixels\", which are physical pixels scaled by the devices\n    // scaling factor. Meaning, 13.0 pixels should look the same size\n    // on two different screens, and thus we do not need to scale this\n    // value (as the scaling is handled by winit)\n    imgui.fonts().add_font(\u0026[\n        FontSource::TtfData {\n            data: include_bytes!(\"../../../resources/Roboto-Regular.ttf\"),\n            size_pixels: FONT_SIZE,\n            config: Some(FontConfig {\n                // As imgui-glium-renderer isn't gamma-correct with\n                // it's font rendering, we apply an arbitrary\n                // multiplier to make the font a bit \"heavier\". With\n                // default imgui-glow-renderer this is unnecessary.\n                rasterizer_multiply: 1.5,\n                // Oversampling font helps improve text rendering at\n                // expense of larger font atlas texture.\n                oversample_h: 4,\n                oversample_v: 4,\n                ..FontConfig::default()\n            }),\n        },\n        FontSource::TtfData {\n            data: include_bytes!(\"../../../resources/mplus-1p-regular.ttf\"),\n            size_pixels: FONT_SIZE,\n            config: Some(FontConfig {\n                // Oversampling font helps improve text rendering at\n                // expense of larger font atlas texture.\n                oversample_h: 4,\n                oversample_v: 4,\n                // Range of glyphs to rasterize\n                glyph_ranges: FontGlyphRanges::japanese(),\n                ..FontConfig::default()\n            }),\n        },\n    ]);\n    imgui.set_ini_filename(None);\n\n    imgui\n}\n","traces":[{"line":18,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":19,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":27,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":29,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":30,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":31,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":33,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":35,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":36,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":37,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":38,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":39,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":40,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":41,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":43,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":44,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":46,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":49,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":51,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":53,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":54,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":55,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":58,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":61,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":64,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":66,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":69,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":70,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":71,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":72,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":73,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":75,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":76,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":77,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":78,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":79,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":81,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":82,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":83,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":84,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":85,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":87,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":88,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":89,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":90,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":93,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":94,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":95,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":96,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":97,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":98,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":99,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":100,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":102,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":103,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":104,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":105,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":106,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":107,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":109,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":111,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":112,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":113,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":114,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":115,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":116,"address":[],"length":0,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":0,"coverable":67},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","emma.rs"],"content":"use std::io::{stdout, Result};\n/*\nuse emmaemu::{chip8::{computer::Chip8Computer, video::Chip8Video}, constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT, CHIP8_ROM_SIZE, CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY}};\nuse ratatui::{\n    backend::CrosstermBackend,\n    crossterm::{\n        event::{self, KeyCode, KeyEventKind},\n        terminal::{disable_raw_mode, enable_raw_mode, EnterAlternateScreen, LeaveAlternateScreen},\n        ExecutableCommand,\n    },\n    layout::{Alignment, Rect},\n    style::{Style, Stylize},\n    widgets::{List, Paragraph, Widget},\n    Frame, Terminal,\n};\n\n\nfn system_memory_to_text_render(data_to_dump: [u8; 2048]) -\u003e String {\n    let mut to_return = String::new();\n\n    for i in 0..256 {\n        to_return += \u0026format!(\"{:x}\\t\", data_to_dump[i as usize]).to_string();\n\n        if ((i + 1) % CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT) == 0 {\n            to_return += \"\\n\";\n        }\n    }\n\n    to_return\n}\n\nfn dump_memory_to_console(data_to_dump: [u8; 2048]) {\n    println!(\"STARTING TO DUMP MEMORY TO CONSOLE\");\n    println!(\"{}\", system_memory_to_text_render(data_to_dump));\n    println!(\"DONE DUMPING!\");\n    panic!(\"DONE DUMPING\");\n}\n\nstruct ControlKeyboard {\n\n}\n\nimpl Widget for ControlKeyboard {\n    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: \u0026mut ratatui::prelude::Buffer)\n    where\n        Self: Sized {\n            let style = Style::new();\n            buf.set_string(0, 0, \"F1 to cycle foreground - F2 to cycle background\", style)\n    }\n}\n\n\n#[derive(Clone)]\nstruct AppState {\n    pub menu_items: Vec\u003cString\u003e,\n    pub selected_menu_item: i32,\n    pub system: Chip8Computer,\n}\n\nimpl Default for AppState {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        println!(\"Creating new AppState\");\n        Self {\n            menu_items: vec![\n                \"Step CPU \u003cF5\u003e\".into(),\n                \"Reset CPU \u003cF12\u003e\".into(),\n                \"Item 3\".into(),\n            ],\n            selected_menu_item: 0,\n            system: Chip8Computer {\n                ..Default::default()\n            },\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nfn main() -\u003e Result\u003c()\u003e {\n     stdout().execute(EnterAlternateScreen)?;\n      enable_raw_mode()?;\n      let mut terminal = Terminal::new(CrosstermBackend::new(stdout()))?;\n     terminal.clear()?;\n\n    let app = AppState::default();\n\n    loop {\n        // Draw Ui...\n        terminal.draw(|frame| {\n            frame.render_widget(app.system.memory, frame.area());\n          //  frame.render_widget(app.control_keyboard, area);\n            //render_cpu_state(app.system.clone(), frame);\n           // render_video_state(app.system.video_memory, frame);\n           // render_menu_list(app.clone(), frame);\n        })?;\n        // ...handle Events.\n        if event::poll(std::time::Duration::from_millis(16))? {\n            if let event::Event::Key(key) = event::read()? {\n                match key.kind {\n                    KeyEventKind::Press =\u003e match key.code {\n                        KeyCode::F(5) =\u003e {\n                            println!(\"Execute Next Instruction\");\n                        }\n                        KeyCode::F(12) =\u003e {\n                            println!(\"Resetting CPU\");\n                        }\n                        KeyCode::Char('q') =\u003e { break; }\n                        _ =\u003e (),\n                    },\n                    _ =\u003e (),\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    //  stdout().execute(LeaveAlternateScreen)?;\n    // disable_raw_mode()?;\n    Ok(())\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use emmaemu::constants::{CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};\n\n    use crate::*;\n    #[test]\n    fn blank_screen_renders_to_text() {\n        let test_video = Chip8Video::default();\n\n\n        let blank_data: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY] = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let blank_screen = (\" \".repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH.try_into().unwrap()) + \"\\n\")\n            .repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT.try_into().unwrap());\n       \n            assert_eq!(Chip8Video::new(blank_data).format_as_string(), blank_screen);\n        }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn filled_screen_renders_to_text() {\n        let filled_data: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY] = [true; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let filled_screen = (\"*\".repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH.try_into().unwrap()) + \"\\n\")\n            .repeat(CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT.try_into().unwrap());\n        assert_eq!(Chip8Video::new(filled_data).format_as_string(), filled_screen);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn grid_pattern_renders_to_text() {\n        let mut grid_data: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY] = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let mut expected_data = String::new();\n        for i in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            grid_data[i] = (i % 2 == 0);\n            if i % 2 == 0 {\n                grid_data[i] = true;\n                expected_data += \"*\";\n            } else {\n                grid_data[i] = false;\n                expected_data += \" \";\n            }\n            if (i as i32 % CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH as i32 == CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH - 1) {\n                expected_data += \"\\n\";\n            }\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(Chip8Video::new(grid_data).format_as_string(), expected_data);\n    }\n}\n*/\nfn main() {\n    println!(\"Taxation is theft\");\n}","traces":[{"line":166,"address":[119248],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":167,"address":[119252],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":0,"coverable":2},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","emmagui.rs"],"content":"use std::default::Default;\nuse std::fs::DirEntry;\nuse std::time::Instant;\nuse emmaemu::{\n    chip8::computer::Chip8Computer,\n    constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH},\n};\nuse imgui::*;\nuse ratatui::symbols::half_block;\nuse sys::{ImColor, ImVec2, ImVector_ImU32};\nuse rand::random;\nuse emmaemu::chip8::system_memory::Chip8SystemMemory;\nuse support::emmagui_support::EmmaGui;\nmod support;\n\n\nstruct UiState {\n    pub show_registers: bool,\n    pub show_memory: bool,\n    pub show_video: bool,\n    pub filename_to_load: String,\n   pub on_colour: ImColor32,\n   pub off_colour: ImColor32,\n    pub is_running: bool,\n    pub frame_time: f32\n}\n\nimpl Clone for UiState {\n    fn clone(\u0026self) -\u003e Self {\n        UiState {\n            show_registers: self.show_registers,\n            show_memory: self.show_memory,\n            show_video: self.show_video,\n            filename_to_load: self.filename_to_load.to_string(),\n            on_colour: self.on_colour,\n            off_colour: self.off_colour,\n            is_running: self.is_running,\n            frame_time: self.frame_time\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Default for UiState {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        UiState {\n            show_registers: false,\n            show_memory: false,\n            show_video: true,\n            filename_to_load: String::new(),\n            on_colour: ImColor32::from_rgb(0xff, 0xff, 0x00),\n            off_colour: ImColor32::from_rgb(0x00, 0xff, 0xff),\n            is_running: false,\n            frame_time: 32.0\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nfn main() {\n    pretty_env_logger::init();\n    let mut system = Chip8Computer::default();\n    let mut ui_state = UiState::default();\n    let mut last_tick_time = Instant::now();\n\n    support::simple_init(file!(), move |_, ui| {\n        let current_time = Instant::now();\n        let time_since_last_tick = current_time.duration_since(last_tick_time).as_millis();\n        if ui_state.is_running \u0026\u0026 time_since_last_tick \u003e ui_state.frame_time as u128 {\n            system.step_system();\n            last_tick_time = current_time;\n        }\n\n        EmmaGui::system_controls(\u0026mut system, \u0026mut ui_state, ui);\n\n        if ui_state.show_registers {\n            EmmaGui::registers_view(\u0026system, ui);\n        }\n\n        if ui_state.show_video {\n            EmmaGui::video_display(\u0026system, \u0026ui_state, ui);\n        }\n\n        if ui_state.show_memory {\n            let active_instruction = system.registers.peek_pc();\n            EmmaGui::hex_memory_display(system.memory.clone(), (0x100, 0x10), active_instruction as i16, ui);\n        }\n    });\n}\n","traces":[{"line":29,"address":[4555552],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":31,"address":[4555576],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":32,"address":[4555583],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":33,"address":[4555590],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":34,"address":[4555597],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":35,"address":[4555637],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":36,"address":[4555641],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":37,"address":[4555645],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":38,"address":[4555649],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":44,"address":[4555728,4555911],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":49,"address":[4555747],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":50,"address":[4555759],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":51,"address":[4555814],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":58,"address":[4556356,4555936],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":59,"address":[4555988],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":60,"address":[4556013],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":61,"address":[4556043],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":62,"address":[4556166,4556091],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":64,"address":[4556181],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":65,"address":[4817912],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":66,"address":[4817935],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":67,"address":[4818018,4818218,4818071],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[4818181],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":69,"address":[4818196],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":72,"address":[4818034],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":74,"address":[4818051],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":75,"address":[4818246],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":78,"address":[4818228],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":79,"address":[4818280],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":82,"address":[4818262],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":83,"address":[4818307],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":84,"address":[4818342],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":0,"coverable":32},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","font","text_rendering.rs"],"content":"use ratatui::{style::Stylize, widgets::{List, Paragraph}, Frame};\n\nuse crate::{AppState, Chip8Computer, CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT, CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY};\n\n\npub fn render_cpu_state(cpu_state: Chip8Computer, frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    let mut area = frame.area();\n\n    let mut current_state: Vec\u003cString\u003e = vec![];\n\n    current_state.push(format!(\"Delay Timer {:X}\", cpu_state.delay_timer));\n    current_state.push(format!(\"Sound Timer {:X}\", cpu_state.sound_timer));\n    current_state.push(format!(\"PC {:X}\", cpu_state.pc));\n    for i in 0 .. CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT {\n        current_state.push(format!(\"V{}: {}\", i, cpu_state.registers[i as usize]));\n    }\n\n    frame.render_widget(\n        List::new(current_state).blue().on_white(), area)\n}\n\npub fn render_menu_list(state: AppState, frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    let mut area = frame.area();\n\n    frame.render_widget(List::new(state.menu_items).blue().on_white(), area);\n}\n\npub fn render_hello_world(frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    let area = frame.area();\n    frame.render_widget(\n        Paragraph::new(\"Hello Ratatui! (press 'q' to quit)\")\n            .white()\n            .on_blue(),\n        area,\n    );\n}\n\npub fn render_video_state(video_memory: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY], frame: \u0026mut Frame) {\n    \n}","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","support","clipboard.rs"],"content":"","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","bin","support","emmagui_support.rs"],"content":"use std::fs::File;\nuse std::io::Read;\nuse std::path::{Path, PathBuf};\nuse std::thread::sleep;\nuse std::time::Duration;\nuse imgui::{Condition, ImColor32, Ui};\nuse log::debug;\nuse emmaemu::chip8::computer::Chip8Computer;\nuse emmaemu::chip8::system_memory::Chip8SystemMemory;\nuse emmaemu::constants::{CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};\nuse crate::UiState;\n\n\npub struct EmmaGui {}\n\nconst CELL_WIDTH: i32 = 5i32;\nconst CELL_HEIGHT: i32 = 5i32;\n\nstruct GuiFileList {}\n\nimpl GuiFileList {\n    pub fn display_path(root: PathBuf, selected_filename: \u0026String, ui: \u0026Ui) -\u003e String {\n        let mut working_filename = selected_filename.clone();\n        ui.text(format!(\"Displaying {}\", root.to_str().unwrap_or(\"Unable to parse path\")));\n        for (index, entry) in std::fs::read_dir(root.as_path()).unwrap().enumerate() {\n            let filename = entry.unwrap().file_name();\n            let filename = filename.to_str().unwrap();\n            let mut working_select = ui.selectable_config(format!(\"{}\", filename));\n            if filename == selected_filename {\n                working_select = working_select.selected(true);\n            }\n            if working_select.build() {\n                debug!(\"SELECTED {index} / {filename}\");\n                working_filename = filename.to_string();\n            };\n        }\n        working_filename\n    }\n}\n\n\nimpl EmmaGui {\n    pub fn video_display(system_to_control: \u0026Chip8Computer, gui_state: \u0026UiState, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        // draw area size\n        let draw_area_size = ui.io().display_size;\n        let cell_width = ((draw_area_size[0] as i32 / 64) * 6) / 10;\n        let cell_height = ((draw_area_size[1] as i32 / 32) * 6) / 10;\n\n        ui.window(format!(\"Display {cell_width}x{cell_height}\"))\n            .size([300.0, 300.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                let origin = ui.cursor_screen_pos();\n                let fg = ui.get_window_draw_list();\n                ui.text(\"This is the video display.\");\n                for current_row in 0..=31 {\n                    for current_column in 0..=63 {\n                        let x_offset = origin[0] as i32 + (current_column * cell_width);\n                        let y_offset = origin[1] as i32 + (current_row * cell_height);\n                        let current_origin = [x_offset as f32, y_offset as f32];\n                        let current_limit = [(x_offset + cell_width) as f32, (y_offset + cell_height) as f32];\n                        let memory_offset = (current_row * 64 + current_column) as u16;\n                        let to_render = system_to_control.video_memory.peek(memory_offset);\n                        let color: ImColor32 = if to_render {\n                            gui_state.on_colour\n                        } else {\n                            gui_state.off_colour\n                        };\n                        fg.add_rect_filled_multicolor(current_origin, current_limit, color, color, color, color);\n                    }\n                }\n            });\n    }\n    pub fn system_controls(system_to_control: \u0026mut Chip8Computer, gui_state: \u0026mut UiState, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        ui.window(\"!!!! CONTROLS !!!!\")\n            .size([345.0, 200.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                /* ROM Lister */\n                let new_filename = GuiFileList::display_path(PathBuf::from(\"resources/roms\"), \u0026gui_state.filename_to_load, ui);\n                if !new_filename.is_empty() {\n                    if new_filename != gui_state.filename_to_load {\n                        println!(\"NEW FILENAME SELECTED -\u003e {new_filename}\");\n                        gui_state.filename_to_load = new_filename;\n                    }\n                    if ui.button(\"Load Program\") {\n                        let mut buffer = Vec::new();\n\n                        println!(\"PREPARING TO LOAD {}\", gui_state.filename_to_load);\n                        // let mut input_file = File::open(Path::new(\"./1-chip8-logo.ch8\")).expect(\"put 1-chip8-logo.ch8 in this directory\");\n                        let mut input_file = File::open(Path::new(\u0026(\"resources/roms/\".to_string() + \u0026gui_state.filename_to_load))).expect(\"put 1-chip8-logo.ch8 in this directory\");\n                        input_file.read_to_end(\u0026mut buffer).expect(\"unable to read file\");\n                        system_to_control.load_bytes_to_memory(0x200, buffer.into());\n                    }\n                }\n                ui.separator();\n                if ui.button(\"Step\") {\n                    system_to_control.step_system();\n                };\n                if ui.button(\"Run\") {\n                    gui_state.is_running = true;\n                    println!(\"STARTING THE SYSTEM\");\n                }\n                if ui.button(\"Stop\") {\n                    gui_state.is_running = false;\n                    println!(\"STOPPING THE SYSTEM\");\n                }\n                ui.same_line();\n                if ui.button(\"Reset\") {\n                    *system_to_control = Chip8Computer::new();\n                }\n                if ui.button(\"Dump Video Memory\") {\n                    println!(\"{}\", system_to_control.dump_video_to_string());\n                }\n                ui.same_line();\n                if ui.button(\"Dump Keypad State\") {\n                    println!(\"{}\", system_to_control.dump_keypad_to_string());\n                }\n                ui.same_line();\n                if ui.button(\"Dump Registers\") {\n                    println!(\"{}\", system_to_control.dump_registers_to_string());\n                }\n                ui.separator();\n\n                ui.checkbox(\"Show Memory\", \u0026mut gui_state.show_memory);\n                ui.same_line();\n                ui.checkbox(\"Show Video\", \u0026mut gui_state.show_video);\n                ui.same_line();\n                ui.checkbox(\"Show Registers\", \u0026mut gui_state.show_registers);\n            });\n    }\n\n    pub fn registers_view(system: \u0026Chip8Computer, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        ui.window(\"Registers\")\n            .size([400.0, 500.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                ui.text(\"Registers\");\n                for i in 1..0x10 {\n                    ui.text(format!(\"V{:X}: {}\", i, system.registers.peek(i)));\n                    if i != 7 {\n                        ui.same_line();\n                    }\n                }\n                ui.text(\"\");\n                ui.text(format!(\"I: {:03X}\", system.registers.peek_i()));\n                ui.same_line();\n                ui.text(format!(\"ST: {:02X}\", system.sound_timer.current()));\n                ui.same_line();\n                ui.text(format!(\"DT: {:02X}\", system.delay_timer.current()));\n                ui.text(format!(\"PC: {:02X}\", system.registers.peek_pc()));\n                ui.text(format!(\"SP: {:02X}\", system.stack.depth()));\n            });\n    }\n\n    pub fn hex_memory_display(bytes: Chip8SystemMemory, position: (i32, i32), active: i16, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        let rows = position.0;\n        let cols = position.1;\n        ui.window(\"System Memory\")\n            .size([400.0, 300.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .position([500.0, 300.0], Condition::Always)\n            .build(|| {\n                let mut current_x_hover: i32 = 0;\n                let mut current_y_hover: i32 = 0;\n                // display a block of data\n                for current_row in 0..rows {\n                    ui.text(format!(\"{:02x}\", current_row * cols));\n                    ui.same_line();\n                    for current_column in 0..cols {\n                        let data_offset = current_row * cols + current_column;\n                        let formatted_text = format!(\"{:02x}\", bytes.peek(data_offset as u16));\n                        let text_location = ui.cursor_screen_pos();\n                        let text_size = ui.calc_text_size(formatted_text.clone());\n                        let bounding_box = imgui::sys::ImVec2 {\n                            x: text_location[0] + text_size[0],\n                            y: text_location[1] + text_size[1],\n                        };\n\n                        let hovering = ui.is_mouse_hovering_rect(text_location, [bounding_box.x, bounding_box.y]);\n                        let is_active = data_offset == active as i32;\n\n                        ui.text_colored(if hovering {\n                            [0., 1., 1., 1.]\n                        } else if is_active {\n                            [1., 0., 1., 1.]\n                        } else {\n                            [1., 1., 0., 1.]\n                        }, formatted_text.clone());\n\n\n                        // if we are hovering show that at the bottom...\n                        if hovering {\n                            // Optionally change the text color to indicate it's interactable\n                            current_x_hover = current_column;\n                            current_y_hover = current_row;\n\n                            // Check if the left mouse button is clicked while hovering over the text\n                            if ui.is_mouse_clicked(imgui::MouseButton::Left) {\n                                println!(\"Offset: [{}] [0x{:02x}] Value: [{}]\", data_offset, data_offset, formatted_text.clone());\n                                // Perform any action here, e.g., call a function, trigger an event, etc.\n                            }\n                        }\n\n                        // are we on the same line?\n                        if current_column != (cols - 1) {\n                            ui.same_line();\n                        }\n                    }\n                }\n                ui.text(format!(\"Offset 0x{:03x}\", current_x_hover * cols + current_y_hover));\n            });\n    }\n\n    pub fn system_memory_render(memory: Chip8SystemMemory, ui: \u0026Ui) {\n        ui.window(\"System Memory\")\n            .size([300.0, 100.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)\n            .build(|| {\n                ui.text(\"Rendering System Memory Here\");\n                let draw_list = ui.get_foreground_draw_list();\n                let mut idx = 0;\n                for row in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT {\n                    for column in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH {\n                        let x_offset = column * CELL_WIDTH;\n                        let y_offset = row * CELL_WIDTH;\n                        let start_point = [x_offset as f32, y_offset as f32];\n                        let end_point = [(x_offset + CELL_WIDTH) as f32,\n                            (y_offset + CELL_HEIGHT) as f32\n                        ];\n                        let memory_offset = (row * CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH) + column;\n                        let target_color = if memory.peek(memory_offset as u16) == 0 {\n                            ImColor32::BLACK\n                        } else {\n                            ImColor32::WHITE\n                        };\n                        draw_list.add_rect([x_offset as f32, y_offset as f32],\n                                           [(x_offset + CELL_WIDTH) as f32, (y_offset + CELL_HEIGHT) as f32],\n                                           target_color).build();\n                        idx += 1;\n                    }\n                }\n            });\n    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glium::glutin::surface::WindowSurface;\nuse glium::{Display, Surface};\nuse imgui::{Context, FontConfig, FontGlyphRanges, FontSource, Ui};\nuse imgui_glium_renderer::Renderer;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::dpi::LogicalSize;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::event::{Event, WindowEvent};\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::event_loop::EventLoop;\nuse imgui_winit_support::winit::window::WindowBuilder;\nuse imgui_winit_support::{HiDpiMode, WinitPlatform};\nuse std::path::Path;\nuse std::time::Instant;\n\npub mod emmagui_support;\nuse copypasta::{ClipboardContext, ClipboardProvider};\nuse imgui::ClipboardBackend;\n\npub struct ClipboardSupport(pub ClipboardContext);\n\npub fn clipboard_init() -\u003e Option\u003cClipboardSupport\u003e {\n    ClipboardContext::new().ok().map(ClipboardSupport)\n}\n\nimpl ClipboardBackend for ClipboardSupport {\n    fn get(\u0026mut self) -\u003e Option\u003cString\u003e {\n        self.0.get_contents().ok()\n    }\n    fn set(\u0026mut self, text: \u0026str) {\n        // ignore errors?\n        let _ = self.0.set_contents(text.to_owned());\n    }\n}\n\npub const FONT_SIZE: f32 = 13.0;\n\n#[allow(dead_code)] // annoyingly, RA yells that this is unusued\npub fn simple_init\u003cF: FnMut(\u0026mut bool, \u0026mut Ui) + 'static\u003e(title: \u0026str, run_ui: F) {\n    init_with_startup(title, |_, _, _| {}, run_ui);\n}\n\npub fn init_with_startup\u003cFInit, FUi\u003e(title: \u0026str, mut startup: FInit, mut run_ui: FUi)\nwhere\n    FInit: FnMut(\u0026mut Context, \u0026mut Renderer, \u0026Display\u003cWindowSurface\u003e) + 'static,\n    FUi: FnMut(\u0026mut bool, \u0026mut Ui) + 'static,\n{\n    let mut imgui = create_context();\n\n    let title = match Path::new(\u0026title).file_name() {\n        Some(file_name) =\u003e file_name.to_str().unwrap(),\n        None =\u003e title,\n    };\n    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().expect(\"Failed to create EventLoop\");\n\n    let builder = WindowBuilder::new()\n        .with_maximized(true)\n        .with_title(title);\n      //  .with_inner_size(LogicalSize::new(1024, 768));\n    let (window, display) = glium::backend::glutin::SimpleWindowBuilder::new()\n        .set_window_builder(builder)\n        .build(\u0026event_loop);\n    let mut renderer = Renderer::init(\u0026mut imgui, \u0026display).expect(\"Failed to initialize renderer\");\n\n    if let Some(backend) = clipboard_init() {\n        imgui.set_clipboard_backend(backend);\n    } else {\n        eprintln!(\"Failed to initialize clipboard\");\n    }\n\n    let mut platform = WinitPlatform::init(\u0026mut imgui);\n    {\n        let dpi_mode = if let Ok(factor) = std::env::var(\"IMGUI_EXAMPLE_FORCE_DPI_FACTOR\") {\n            // Allow forcing of HiDPI factor for debugging purposes\n            match factor.parse::\u003cf64\u003e() {\n                Ok(f) =\u003e HiDpiMode::Locked(f),\n                Err(e) =\u003e panic!(\"Invalid scaling factor: {}\", e),\n            }\n        } else {\n            HiDpiMode::Default\n        };\n\n        platform.attach_window(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, dpi_mode);\n    }\n\n    let mut last_frame = Instant::now();\n\n    startup(\u0026mut imgui, \u0026mut renderer, \u0026display);\n\n    event_loop\n        .run(move |event, window_target| match event {\n            Event::NewEvents(_) =\u003e {\n                let now = Instant::now();\n                imgui.io_mut().update_delta_time(now - last_frame);\n                last_frame = now;\n            }\n            Event::AboutToWait =\u003e {\n                platform\n                    .prepare_frame(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window)\n                    .expect(\"Failed to prepare frame\");\n                window.request_redraw();\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::RedrawRequested,\n                ..\n            } =\u003e {\n                let ui = imgui.frame();\n\n                let mut run = true;\n                run_ui(\u0026mut run, ui);\n                if !run {\n                    window_target.exit();\n                }\n\n                let mut target = display.draw();\n                target.clear_color_srgb(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);\n                platform.prepare_render(ui, \u0026window);\n                let draw_data = imgui.render();\n                renderer\n                    .render(\u0026mut target, draw_data)\n                    .expect(\"Rendering failed\");\n                target.finish().expect(\"Failed to swap buffers\");\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::Resized(new_size),\n                ..\n            } =\u003e {\n                if new_size.width \u003e 0 \u0026\u0026 new_size.height \u003e 0 {\n                    display.resize((new_size.width, new_size.height));\n                }\n                platform.handle_event(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, \u0026event);\n            }\n            Event::WindowEvent {\n                event: WindowEvent::CloseRequested,\n                ..\n            } =\u003e window_target.exit(),\n            event =\u003e {\n                platform.handle_event(imgui.io_mut(), \u0026window, \u0026event);\n            }\n        })\n        .expect(\"EventLoop error\");\n}\n\n/// Creates the imgui context\npub fn create_context() -\u003e imgui::Context {\n    let mut imgui = Context::create();\n    // Fixed font size. Note imgui_winit_support uses \"logical\n    // pixels\", which are physical pixels scaled by the devices\n    // scaling factor. Meaning, 13.0 pixels should look the same size\n    // on two different screens, and thus we do not need to scale this\n    // value (as the scaling is handled by winit)\n    imgui.fonts().add_font(\u0026[\n        FontSource::TtfData {\n            data: include_bytes!(\"../../../../resources/Roboto-Regular.ttf\"),\n            size_pixels: FONT_SIZE,\n            config: Some(FontConfig {\n                // As imgui-glium-renderer isn't gamma-correct with\n                // it's font rendering, we apply an arbitrary\n                // multiplier to make the font a bit \"heavier\". With\n                // default imgui-glow-renderer this is unnecessary.\n                rasterizer_multiply: 1.5,\n                // Oversampling font helps improve text rendering at\n                // expense of larger font atlas texture.\n                oversample_h: 4,\n                oversample_v: 4,\n                ..FontConfig::default()\n            }),\n        },\n        FontSource::TtfData {\n            data: include_bytes!(\"../../../../resources/mplus-1p-regular.ttf\"),\n            size_pixels: FONT_SIZE,\n            config: Some(FontConfig {\n                // Oversampling font helps improve text rendering at\n                // expense of larger font atlas texture.\n                oversample_h: 4,\n                oversample_v: 4,\n                // Range of glyphs to rasterize\n                glyph_ranges: FontGlyphRanges::japanese(),\n                ..FontConfig::default()\n            }),\n        },\n    ]);\n    imgui.set_ini_filename(None);\n\n    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log::{debug, error};\nuse crate::chip8::delay_timer::DelayTimer;\nuse crate::chip8::instructions::Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION;\nuse crate::chip8::keypad::Keypad;\nuse crate::chip8::registers::Chip8Registers;\nuse crate::chip8::sound_timer::SoundTimer;\nuse crate::chip8::stack::Chip8Stack;\nuse crate::chip8::util::InstructionUtil;\nuse crate::constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT};\n\nuse super::{\n    cpu_states::Chip8CpuStates, instructions::Chip8CpuInstructions, system_memory::Chip8SystemMemory, video::Chip8Video,\n};\n\nconst STACK_POINTER_DEFAULT: i16 = 0x100;\n\n#[derive(Clone)]\npub struct Chip8Computer {\n    pub memory: Chip8SystemMemory,\n    pub registers: Chip8Registers,\n    pub sound_timer: SoundTimer,\n    pub delay_timer: DelayTimer,\n    pub video_memory: Chip8Video,\n    pub state: Chip8CpuStates,\n    pub keypad: Keypad,\n    pub stack: Chip8Stack\n}\nimpl Default for Chip8Computer {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Self {\n            memory: Chip8SystemMemory::default(),\n            video_memory: Chip8Video::default(),\n            registers: Chip8Registers::default(),\n            sound_timer: SoundTimer::new(),\n            delay_timer: DelayTimer::new(),\n            state: Chip8CpuStates::default(),\n            keypad: Keypad::default(),\n            stack: Chip8Stack::default()\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Computer {\n\n    pub fn dump_keypad_to_string(\u0026self) -\u003e String {\n        self.keypad.format_as_string()\n    }\n\n    pub fn dump_registers_to_string(\u0026self) -\u003e String {\n        self.registers.format_as_string()\n    }\n\n    pub fn dump_video_to_string(\u0026self) -\u003e String {\n        self.video_memory.format_as_string()\n    }\n\n    pub fn new_with_program(new_program: Box\u003cVec\u003cu16\u003e\u003e) -\u003e Self {\n        let mut working = Chip8Computer::new();\n        for i in 0..new_program.len() {\n            let high_byte = (new_program[i as usize] \u003e\u003e 8) as u8;\n            let low_byte = (new_program[i] \u0026 0xff) as u8;\n            let base_offset = i * 2;\n            working.memory.poke(base_offset as u16, high_byte);\n            working.memory.poke((base_offset + 1) as u16, low_byte);\n        }\n        working\n    }\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Computer::default()\n    }\n\n    pub fn load_bytes_to_memory(\u0026mut self, offset: u16, to_load: Box\u003cVec\u003cu8\u003e\u003e) {\n        let total_len = to_load.len() as u16;\n        for current_index in 0..total_len {\n            let new_value = to_load[current_index as usize];\n            let new_location = current_index + offset;\n            self.memory.poke(new_location, new_value);\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn step_system(\u0026mut self) -\u003e \u0026mut Chip8Computer {\n        debug!(\"Stepping System 1 Step\");\n        // read the next instruction\n\n        let mut working_instruction: u16 = 0b0000000000000000;\n        let start_pc = self.registers.peek_pc();\n        let high_byte = (self.memory.clone().peek(start_pc) as u16).rotate_left(8);\n        let low_byte = self.memory.clone().peek(start_pc + 1) as u16;\n        let result = high_byte | low_byte;\n        let decoded_instruction =\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(result);\n        // todo: THIS IS BAD AND IS A SIDE EFFECT\n        decoded_instruction.execute(self);\n\n        match self.state {\n            Chip8CpuStates::WaitingForInstruction =\u003e {\n                self.sound_timer.tick();\n                self.delay_timer.tick();\n            }\n            Chip8CpuStates::WaitingForKey =\u003e {\n                println!(\"waiting for a key press...\");\n            }\n            _ =\u003e {}\n        }\n        self\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use rand::random;\n    use crate::constants::CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY;\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n}\n\n","traces":[{"line":29,"address":[19711456],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":31,"address":[1703104],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":32,"address":[1703114],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":33,"address":[1703127],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":34,"address":[1703140],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":35,"address":[1703149],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":36,"address":[19711547],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":37,"address":[1703167],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":38,"address":[1703180],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":45,"address":[1703424],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":46,"address":[1703441],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":49,"address":[1703472],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":50,"address":[1703489],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":53,"address":[1703520],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":54,"address":[1703545],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":57,"address":[1704237,1703600],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":58,"address":[1703648],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":59,"address":[1703695,1703761,1703927],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":60,"address":[1703948],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":61,"address":[19712416],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":62,"address":[1704134,1704079],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":63,"address":[1704114],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":64,"address":[1704159],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":66,"address":[19712279],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[1704272],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":69,"address":[19712680],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":72,"address":[1704304,1704672],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":73,"address":[1704336,1704397],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":74,"address":[19712805,19712923],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":75,"address":[1704538],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":76,"address":[19713051,19712996],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":77,"address":[1704630,1704667],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":81,"address":[19713104],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":82,"address":[1704776,1705019],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":85,"address":[19713161],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":86,"address":[1704816],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":87,"address":[1704936,1704846],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":88,"address":[1704944,1705164,1705320],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":89,"address":[19713605],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":90,"address":[1705215],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":93,"address":[1705269],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":95,"address":[1705288],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":97,"address":[1705354],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":98,"address":[1705371],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":101,"address":[1705385],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":11,"coverable":45},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","cpu_states.rs"],"content":"#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]\npub enum Chip8CpuStates {\n    #[default]\n    WaitingForInstruction,\n    WaitingForKey,\n    ExecutingInstruction,\n    Error,\n}\n\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","delay_timer.rs"],"content":"#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct DelayTimer {\n    counter: i32\n}\n\nimpl DelayTimer {\n    pub fn current(\u0026self) -\u003e i32 {\n        self.counter\n    }\n\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        DelayTimer {\n            counter: 0xff\n        }\n    }\n    pub fn set_timer(\u0026mut self, new_value: i32) {\n        self.counter = new_value\n    }\n\n    pub fn tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        if self.counter \u003e 0 {\n            self.counter -= 1;\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use crate::chip8::sound_timer::SoundTimer;\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ticks_reduce_time() {\n        let mut st = DelayTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(100);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 97);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn out_of_ticks_works() {\n        let mut st = DelayTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(0);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 0);\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":7,"address":[1838080],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":8,"address":[1838085],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":16,"address":[1838112],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":17,"address":[1838121],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":20,"address":[1838128],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":21,"address":[1838142,1838181],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":22,"address":[1838183,1838157],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":7,"coverable":7},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","instructions.rs"],"content":"use std::ops::{Shl, Shr};\nuse imgui::ColorPicker3;\nuse log::debug;\nuse rand::random;\nuse crate::chip8::computer::{Chip8Computer};\nuse crate::chip8::cpu_states::Chip8CpuStates::WaitingForKey;\nuse crate::chip8::instructions::Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION;\nuse crate::chip8::util::InstructionUtil;\nuse crate::chip8::video::Chip8Video;\n\n/*\nnnn or addr - A 12-bit value, the lowest 12 bits of the instruction\nn or nibble - A 4-bit value, the lowest 4 bits of the instruction\nx - A 4-bit value, the lower 4 bits of the high byte of the instruction\ny - A 4-bit value, the upper 4 bits of the low byte of the instruction\nkk or byte - An 8-bit value, the lowest 8 bits of the instruction\n */\n\n#[derive(Debug)]\npub enum Chip8CpuInstructions {\n    /// 0nnn\n    /// Exit to System Call at nnn\n    SysAddr(i16),\n    /// Clear Screen\n    CLS,\n    /// Return from Subroutine\n    RET,\n    /// 1nnn\n    /// Jump to Address nnn\n    JpAddr(i16),\n    /// 2nnn\n    /// Call Subroutine at nnn\n    CallAddr(i16),\n    /// 0x3xkk\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx == kk\n    SeVxByte(i16, i16),\n    /// 4xkk\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx != kk\n    SneVxByte(i16, i16),\n    /// 5xy0\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx == Vy\n    SeVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 6xkk\n    /// Set Vx = kk\n    LdVxByte(u16, u16),\n    /// 7xkk\n    /// Set Vx = Vx + kk\n    AddVxByte(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy0\n    /// Set Vx = Vy\n    LdVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy1\n    /// Set Vx = Vx OR Vy\n    OrVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy2\n    /// Set Vx = Vx AND Vy\n    AndVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy3\n    /// Set Vx = Vx XOR Vy\n    XorVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy4\n    /// Set Vx = Vx + Vy\n    /// Set VF=1 if Carry\n    AddVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy5\n    /// Set Vx = Vx - Vy\n    /// Set VF=1 if No Borrow\n    SubVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy6\n    /// Set Vx = Vx SHR 1\n    ShrVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xy7\n    /// Set Vx = Vy - Vx\n    /// Set VF=1 if No Borrow\n    SubnVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 8xye\n    /// Set Vx = Vx SHL 1\n    ShlVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// 9xy0\n    /// Skip next instruction if Vx != Vy\n    SneVxVy(u16, u16),\n    /// Annn\n    /// Load I register with NNN\n    LdIAddr(u16),\n    /// Bnnn\n    /// Jump to nnn+V0\n    JpV0Addr(u16),\n    /// Cxkk\n    /// Set Vx = Random u8 AND kk\n    RndVxByte(u16, u16),\n    /// Dxyn\n    /// Display N byte tall sprite starting at Vx, Vy\n    DrawVxVyNibble(u16, u16, u16),\n    /// Ex9E\n    /// Skip next instruction of key in Vx pressed\n    SkpVx(u16),\n    /// ExA1\n    /// Skip Next If Key Not Pressed\n    SnkpVx(u16),\n    /// Fx07\n    /// Set Vx = Dt\n    LdVxDt(u16),\n    /// Fx0A\n    /// Wait for Key to be pressed and store\n    /// in Vx\n    LdVxK(u16),\n    /// Fx15\n    /// Load Value in Delay Timer to Vx\n    LdDtVx(u16),                   // 0xFx15 Set Delay Timer\n    /// Fx18\n    /// Set Dt = Vx\n    LdStVx(u16),\n    AddIVx(u16),                   // 0xFx1E I = I + Vx\n    LdFVx(u16),                    // 0xFx29 Set I = Location of sprite for Digit Vx\n    LdBVx(u16),                    // 0xFx33 Store BCD of Vx in I, I+1, I+2\n    LdIVx(u16),                    // 0xFx55 Store V0 to Vx in memory starting at I\n    LdVxI(u16),                    // 0xFx65 Load V0 to Vx in memory starting at I\n    XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION,\n}\n\nimpl Chip8CpuInstructions {\n    pub fn encode(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        match self {\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(target) =\u003e {\n                (0x0000 | (target \u0026 0x0FFF)) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS =\u003e {\n                0x00E0\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RET =\u003e {\n                0x00EE\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(new_addr) =\u003e {\n                0x1000 | (new_addr \u0026 0x0FFF) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(address) =\u003e {\n                (0x2000 | (address \u0026 0x0FFF)) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                (0x3000 | (vx_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte) as u16)\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                (0x4000i16 | vx_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte) as u16\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x5000u16 | (x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4)\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(x_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                0x6000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(x_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                0x7000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8001u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8002u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8003u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8004u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8005u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8006u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x8007u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x800Eu16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(x_register, y_register) =\u003e {\n                0x9000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(addr) =\u003e {\n                0xA000u16 | addr\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr) =\u003e {\n                0xB000u16 | addr\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(x_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                0xC000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | byte\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x_register, y_register, height) =\u003e {\n                0xD000u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8 | y_register \u003c\u003c 4 | height\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xE09Eu16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xE0A1u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF007u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF00Au16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF015u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF018u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF01Eu16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xF029u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xf033u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xf055u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(x_register) =\u003e {\n                0xf065u16 | x_register \u003c\u003c 8\n            }\n            XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION =\u003e {\n                0xffff\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    pub fn decode(input: u16) -\u003e Chip8CpuInstructions {\n        let x_param = InstructionUtil::read_x_from_instruction(input);\n        let y_param = InstructionUtil::read_y_from_instruction(input);\n        let addr_param = InstructionUtil::read_addr_from_instruction(input);\n        let byte_param = InstructionUtil::read_byte_from_instruction(input);\n        let nibble_param = InstructionUtil::read_nibble_from_instruction(input);\n        let ubln = InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(input);\n        let last_byte = input \u0026 0xFF;\n\n        match input {\n            0x00E0 =\u003e {\n                // 00E0 - CLS\n                // Clear the display.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS\n            }\n            0x00EE =\u003e {\n                // 00EE - RET\n                // Return from a subroutine.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::RET\n            }\n            0x0000..=0x0FFF =\u003e {\n                // 0nnn - SYS addr\n                // Jump to a machine code routine at nnn.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(addr_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x1000..=0x1FFF =\u003e {\n                // 1nnn - JP addr\n                // Jump to location nnn.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(addr_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x2000..=0x2FFF =\u003e {\n                // 2nnn - CALL addr\n                // Call subroutine at nnn.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(addr_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x3000..=0x3FFF =\u003e {\n                // 3xkk - SE Vx, byte\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(x_param as i16, byte_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x4000..=0x4FFF =\u003e {\n                // 4xkk - SNE Vx, byte\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx != kk.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(x_param as i16, byte_param as i16)\n            }\n            0x5000..=0x5FF0 =\u003e {\n                // 5xy0 - SE Vx, Vy\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx = Vy.\n                // if the last nibble isn't 0...\n                if 0xf \u0026 input \u003e 0 {\n                    // ... we have a problem.\n                    Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                } else {\n                    Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                }\n            }\n            0x6000..=0x6FFF =\u003e {\n                // 6xkk - LD Vx, byte\n                // Set Vx = kk.\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(x_param, byte_param)\n            }\n            0x7000..=0x7FFF =\u003e {\n                // ADD Vx, Byte\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(x_param, byte_param)\n            }\n            0x8000..=0x8FFE =\u003e {\n                // 0x8000 Series\n                let last_nibble = input \u0026 0xF;\n                match last_nibble {\n                    0x0 =\u003e {\n                        // LD Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x1 =\u003e {\n                        // OR Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x2 =\u003e {\n                        // AND Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x3 =\u003e {\n                        // XOR Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x4 =\u003e {\n                        // ADD Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x5 =\u003e {\n                        // SUB Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x6 =\u003e {\n                        // SHR Vx, {, Vy }\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0x7 =\u003e {\n                        // SUBN Vx, Vy\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    0xE =\u003e {\n                        // SHL Vx, {, Vy}\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                    }\n                    _ =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            0x9000..=0x9FF0 =\u003e {\n                // SNE Vx, Vy\n                if 0xf \u0026 input \u003e 0 {\n                    XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                } else {\n                    Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(x_param, y_param)\n                }\n            }\n            0xA000..=0xAFFF =\u003e {\n                // LD I, Addr\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(addr_param)\n            }\n            0xB000..=0xBFFF =\u003e {\n                // JP V0, Addr\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr_param)\n            }\n            0xC000..=0xCFFF =\u003e {\n                // RND Vx, byte\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(x_param, byte_param)\n            }\n            0xD000..=0xDFFF =\u003e {\n                // DRAW Vx, Vy, nibble\n                Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x_param, y_param, nibble_param)\n            }\n            0xE09E..=0xEFA1 =\u003e {\n                match last_byte {\n                    0x9E =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0xA1 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    _ =\u003e {\n                        XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            0xF007..=0xFF65 =\u003e {\n                match last_byte {\n                    0x07 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x0A =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x15 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x18 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x1E =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x29 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x33 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x55 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(ubln)\n                    }\n                    0x65 =\u003e {\n                        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(ubln)\n                    }\n                    _ =\u003e {\n                        XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n            _ =\u003e {\n                XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn execute(\u0026self, mut input: \u0026mut Chip8Computer) -\u003e Chip8Computer {\n        let start_pc = input.registers.peek_pc();\n        input.registers.poke_pc(start_pc + 2);\n        let _ = match self {\n            // 0x0nnn Exit to System Call\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(new_address) =\u003e {\n                debug!(\"SysAddr [0x{new_address:3x}]\");\n\n                input.registers.poke_pc(*new_address as u16);\n            }\n            // * 0x00E0 Clear Screen\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS =\u003e {\n                for i in 0..(64 * 32) {\n                    input.video_memory.poke(i, false);\n                }\n            }\n            // 0x00EE Return from Subroutine\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RET =\u003e {\n                let return_address = input.stack.pop();\n                debug!(\"Returning from subroutine to {return_address:03x}\");\n                input.registers.poke_pc(return_address);\n            }\n            // 0x1nnn Jump to Address\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(new_address) =\u003e {\n                debug!(\"JpAddr [0x{new_address:3x}]\");\n                input.registers.poke_pc(*new_address as u16);\n            }\n            // 0x2nnn Call Subroutine\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(new_address) =\u003e {\n                debug!(\"CALL ADDR 0x{new_address:3x}\");\n                let return_address = input.registers.peek_pc();\n                input.registers.poke_pc(*new_address as u16);\n                input.stack.push(\u0026return_address);\n            }\n            // 0x3xkk Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                if input.registers.peek(*vx_register as u8) == *byte as u8 {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n                debug!(\"SeVxByte [0x{vx_register:1x}] [0x{byte:2x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x4xkk Skip next instruction if Vx != kk\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(x, byte) =\u003e {\n                if input.registers.peek(*x as u8) != *byte as u8 {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n                debug!(\"SneVxByte [0x{x:1x}] [0x{byte:2x}\");\n            }\n            // 0x5xy0 Skip next instruction if Vx == Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                let lhs = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let rhs = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n\n                if lhs == rhs {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n                debug!(\"SeVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x6xkk Set Vx = kk\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(register, byte) =\u003e {\n                let byte_value = *byte as u8;\n                input.registers.poke(*register as u8, byte_value);\n                debug!(\"LdVxByte [0x{register:1x}] [0x{byte:2.0x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x7xkk Set Vx = Vx + kk\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(vx_register, byte) =\u003e {\n                let x_value: u16 = input.registers.peek(*vx_register as u8) as u16;\n                let value_to_poke = (x_value + *byte) as u8;\n                input.registers.poke(*vx_register as u8, value_to_poke);\n                debug!(\"AddVxByte [0x{vx_register:1x}] [0x{byte:02x}] [0x{value_to_poke:02x}\");\n            }\n            // 0x8xy0 Set value of Vy in Vx\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*y as u8));\n                debug!(\"LdVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]\");\n            }\n            // 0x8xy1 Set Vx = Vx OR Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                // shift them to 16 bit\n                let working_16_x = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) as u16;\n                let working_16_y = input.registers.peek(*y as u8) as u16;\n                // OR them\n                let working_16_or = working_16_x | working_16_y;\n                // shift them back to 8 bit.\n                let to_set = working_16_or as u8;\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, to_set);\n                debug!(\"OrVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]\")\n            }\n            // 0x8xy2 Set Vx = Vx AND Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                let lhs_16 = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) as u16;\n                let rhs_16 = input.registers.peek(*y as u8) as u16;\n                let and_16 = lhs_16 \u0026 rhs_16;\n\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, and_16 as u8);\n                debug!(\"AndVxVy [0x{x:02x}] [0x{y:02x}] [0b{and_16:08b}\");\n            }\n            // 0x8xy3 Set Vx = Vx XOR Vy\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                let lhs_16 = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) as u16;\n                let rhs_16 = input.registers.peek(*y as u8) as u16;\n                let xor_16 = lhs_16 ^ rhs_16;\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, xor_16 as u8);\n            }\n            // 0x8xy4 Set Vx = Vx + Vy (SET VF on Carry)\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                let lhs = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) as i16;\n                let rhs = input.registers.peek(*y as u8) as i16;\n                let working = lhs + rhs;\n                if working \u003e 0xff {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 0x01);\n                }\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, working as u8);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                // 8xy5 - SUB Vx, Vy\n                // Set Vx = Vx - Vy, set VF = NOT borrow.\n                //\n                // If Vx \u003e Vy, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vy is subtracted from Vx, and the results stored in Vx.\n                let mut x_value: u16 = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) as u16;\n                let y_value = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n                // do we borrow?\n                if y_value \u003e= x_value as u8 {\n                    x_value += 256;\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1);\n                } else {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 0);\n                }\n                let result = (x_value - y_value as u16) as u8;\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, result);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(x, _) =\u003e {\n                // 8xy6 - SHR Vx {, Vy}\n                // Set Vx = Vx SHR 1.\n                //\n                // If the least-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vx is divided by 2.\n                let initial_value = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                if 0xb1 \u0026 initial_value == 1 {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1);\n                }\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, initial_value.shr(1));\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(x, y) =\u003e {\n                // 8xy7 - SUBN Vx, Vy\n                // Set Vx = Vy - Vx, set VF = NOT borrow.\n                //\n                // If Vy \u003e Vx, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vx is subtracted from Vy, and the results stored in Vx.\n                let y_register = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n                let x_register = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let new_value = if y_register \u003c= x_register { 1 } else { 0 };\n                let value_to_poke = if y_register \u003c= x_register {\n                    ((y_register as u16 + 256) - x_register as u16) as u8\n                } else {\n                    y_register - x_register\n                };\n                input.registers.poke(0xf, new_value);\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, value_to_poke);\n            }\n\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(x, _) =\u003e {\n                // 8xyE - SHL Vx {, Vy}\n                // Set Vx = Vx SHL 1.\n                //\n                // If the most-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise to 0. Then Vx is multiplied by 2.\n                let initial_value = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                if 0x80 \u0026 initial_value == 0x80 {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1);\n                }\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, initial_value.shl(1));\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(vx_register, vy_register) =\u003e {\n                // 9xy0 - SNE Vx, Vy\n                // Skip next instruction if Vx != Vy.\n                //\n                // The values of Vx and Vy are compared, and if they are not equal, the program counter is increased by 2.\n\n                let x_reg_value = input.registers.peek(*vx_register as u8);\n                let y_reg_value = input.registers.peek(*vy_register as u8);\n                if x_reg_value != y_reg_value {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(new_index) =\u003e {\n                // Annn - LD I, addr\n                // Set I = nnn.\n                //\n                // The value of register I is set to nnn.\n                debug!(\"LdiAddr [0x{new_index:3x}]\");\n                input.registers.poke_i(*new_index);\n            }\n            // 0xBnnn Jump to nnn+V0\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr) =\u003e {\n                // Bnnn - JP V0, addr\n                // Jump to location nnn + V0.\n                //\n                // The program counter is set to nnn plus the value of V0.\n                input.registers.poke_pc(input.registers.peek(0) as u16 + addr);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(x, byte) =\u003e {\n                // Cxkk - RND Vx, byte\n                // Set Vx = random byte AND kk.\n                //\n                // The interpreter generates a random number from 0 to 255,\n                // which is then ANDed with the value kk.\n                // The results are stored in Vx.\n                let new_value: u8 = random();\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, (new_value \u0026 *byte as u8))\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(y,x, n) =\u003e {\n                // Display n-byte sprite starting at memory location I at (Vx, Vy), set VF = collision.\n\n                // The interpreter reads n bytes from memory, starting at the address stored in I.\n\n\n                // These bytes are then displayed as sprites on screen at coordinates (Vx, Vy).\n                // Sprites are XORed onto the existing screen.\n                // If this causes any pixels to be erased, VF is set to 1,\n                //     otherwise it is set to 0.\n                // If the sprite is positioned so part of it is outside the coordinates of the display,\n                //     it wraps around to the opposite side of the screen.\n\n                let source_memory_offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n\n                let x_offset = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let y_offset = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);\n\n                println!(\"X_OFFSET = {x_offset} / y_offset = {y_offset}\");\n                let target_memory_offset = x_offset as u16 * 64 + y_offset as u16;\n\n                println!(\"CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e STARTING AT {source_memory_offset} WRITING TO {target_memory_offset}\");\n                let num_bytes_to_read = *n;\n                println!(\"CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e PREPARING TO READ {num_bytes_to_read} BYTES FROM MEMORY TO VIDEO\");\n                for byte_index in 0..num_bytes_to_read {\n                    let current_byte = input.memory.peek(byte_index + source_memory_offset);\n                    println!(\"CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e READ BYTE [0x{byte_index:2x}]\\t{current_byte:02x}\\t{current_byte:08b}\");\n                    for bit_index in 0..8 {\n                        let data_offset = ((x_offset as u16 + byte_index) * 64 ) + (y_offset + bit_index) as u16;\n                        let current_bit = (current_byte.shr(7 - bit_index) \u0026 0x1u8) == 0x1u8;\n                        input.video_memory.poke(data_offset, current_bit);\n                    }\n                }\n\n                println!(\"PPOOSSTT -\u003e CHIP8CPUINSTRUCTION:DRAWVXNIBBLE -\u003e {}\", input.video_memory.format_as_string());\n\n                let mut did_change: bool = false;\n\n                if did_change {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1u8);\n                } else {\n                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 0u8);\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Ex9E - SKP Vx\n                // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is pressed.\n                //\n                // Checks the keyboard, and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the down position, PC is increased by 2.\n                let key_to_check = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let is_pressed = input.keypad.pressed(key_to_check);\n                if is_pressed {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // ExA1 - SKNP Vx\n                // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is not pressed.\n                //\n\n                // Checks the keyboard,\n                // and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the up position,\n                // PC is increased by 2.\n                let target_key = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                let is_pressed = input.keypad.pressed(target_key);\n                debug!(\"SnKpVx [{x:1x}]\");\n                if !is_pressed {\n                    input.registers.advance_pc();\n                }\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx07 - LD Vx, DT\n                // Set Vx = delay timer value.\n                //\n                // The value of DT is placed into Vx.\n                let value_to_set = input.delay_timer.current();\n                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, value_to_set as u8);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx0A - LD Vx, K\n                // Wait for a key press, store the value of the key in Vx.\n                //\n                // All execution stops until a key is pressed, then the value of that key is stored in Vx.\n                input.state = WaitingForKey;\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(source_register) =\u003e {\n                // Fx15 - LD DT, Vx\n                // Set delay timer = Vx.\n                //\n                // DT is set equal to the value of Vx.\n                let new_time = input.registers.peek(*source_register as u8);\n                input.delay_timer.set_timer(new_time as i32);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(new_time) =\u003e {\n                let new_value = input.registers.peek(*new_time as u8);\n                input.sound_timer.set_timer(new_value as i32);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx1E - ADD I, Vx\n                // Set I = I + Vx.\n                //\n                // The values of I and Vx are added, and the results are stored in I.\n                let base = input.registers.peek_i();\n                let x_value = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n                input.registers.poke_i(base + x_value as u16);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx29 - LD F, Vx\n                // Set I = location of sprite for digit Vx.\n                //\n                // The value of I is set to the location for the hexadecimal sprite corresponding\n                // to the value of Vx. See section 2.4, Display, for more information on\n                // the Chip-8 hexadecimal font.\n\n                let to_offset = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) - 1;\n                let real_offset = to_offset as u16 * 5;\n                input.registers.poke_i(real_offset as u16);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Fx33 - LD B, Vx\n                // Store BCD representation of Vx in memory locations I, I+1, and I+2.\n                //\n                // The interpreter takes the decimal value of Vx, and places the hundreds\n                // digit in memory at location in I, the tens digit at location I+1,\n                // and the ones digit at location I+2.\n\n                let to_convert = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);\n\n                // how many hundreds\n                let hundreds = to_convert / 100;\n                // how many tens, minus the hundreds\n                let tens = (to_convert / 10) - (hundreds * 10);\n                // whats the leftover when dividing by 10\n                let units = to_convert % 10;\n\n                // Convert to BCD\n                let result = ((hundreds as u16) \u003c\u003c 8) | units as u16;\n                (tens \u003c\u003c 4) | units;\n                // write them to the memory pointed to by I, I+1, and I+2\n                let target_start_offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n                input.memory.poke(target_start_offset, hundreds);\n                input.memory.poke(target_start_offset + 1, tens);\n                input.memory.poke(target_start_offset + 2, units);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(x) =\u003e {\n                // Store registers V0 through Vx in memory starting at location I.\n                //\n                // The interpreter copies the values of registers V0 through Vx into memory,\n                // starting at the address in I.\n                let offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n                for i in 0..*x {\n                    input.memory.poke(offset + i, input.registers.peek(i as u8));\n                }\n                input.registers.poke_i(offset + 1);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(x) =\u003e {\n                // Read registers V0 through Vx from memory starting at location I.\n                //\n                // The interpreter reads values from memory starting at location I into registers V0 through Vx.\n                let offset = input.registers.peek_i();\n                debug!(\"STARTING TO READ AT {offset:03x}\");\n                let num_loops = x + 1;\n                println!(\"WILL READ {num_loops:x} BYTES\");\n                for index in 0..num_loops {\n                    let src_value = input.memory.peek(index as u16 + offset);\n                    input.registers.poke(index as u8, src_value);\n                    println!(\"POKING Register 0x{index:02x} with 0x{src_value:04x} using offset 0x{offset:04x}\");\n                }\n         input.registers.poke_i(offset + 1);\n            }\n            Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION =\u003e {}\n        };\n        input.clone()\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use dimensioned::typenum::assert_type;\n    use ratatui::crossterm::execute;\n    use crate::chip8::cpu_states::Chip8CpuStates;\n    use crate::chip8::system_memory::{CHIP8FONT_0, CHIP8FONT_1, CHIP8FONT_2, CHIP8FONT_9};\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn encode_decode_test() {\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS.encode(), 0x00E0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::RET.encode(), 0x00EE);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0x123).encode(), 0x0123);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0x234).encode(), 0x1234);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x345).encode(), 0x2345);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(0x4, 0x56).encode(), 0x3456);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0xa, 0xbc).encode(), 0x4abc);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0xa, 0xb).encode(), 0x5ab0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xa, 0xff).encode(), 0x6aff);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(0xa, 0xbc).encode(), 0x7abc);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(0xa, 0xb).encode(), 0x8ab0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(0xb, 0xa).encode(), 0x8ba1);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(0xc, 0xd).encode(), 0x8cd2);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(0xd, 0xe).encode(), 0x8de3);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(0xe, 0xf).encode(), 0x8ef4);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(0xf, 0x0).encode(), 0x8f05);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x0, 0x1).encode(), 0x8016);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2).encode(), 0x8127);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x3, 0x4).encode(), 0x834e);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0xa, 0xb).encode(), 0x9ab0);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x123).encode(), 0xa123);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(0x234).encode(), 0xb234);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(0xa, 0xca).encode(), 0xcaca);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(0xa, 0xb, 0x4).encode(), 0xdab4);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).encode(), 0xe19e);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x2).encode(), 0xe2a1);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(0x1).encode(), 0xf107);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(0x4).encode(), 0xf40a);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x6).encode(), 0xf615);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(0xb).encode(), 0xfb18);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(0xd).encode(), 0xfd1e);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0xc).encode(), 0xfc29);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(0xd).encode(), 0xfd33);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(0xe).encode(), 0xfe55);\n        assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(0x3).encode(), 0xf365);\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x00E0u16), Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x00EEu16), Chip8CpuInstructions::RET));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x0123), Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0x123)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x0FFF), Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0xfff)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x1002), Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x1FF0), Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0xFF0)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x2002), Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x3123), Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(0x1, 0x23)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x4abc), Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0xa, 0xbc)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x5ab0), Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0xa, 0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x6aff), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xa, 0xff)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x7abc), Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(0xa, 0xbc)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8ab0), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(0xa, 0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8ba1), Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(0xb, 0xa)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8cd2), Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(0xc, 0xd)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8de3), Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(0xd, 0xe)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8ef4), Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(0xe, 0xf)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8f05), Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(0xf, 0x0)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8016), Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x0, 0x1)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x8127), Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x834e), Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x3, 0x4)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0x9ab0), Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0xa, 0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xa123), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x123)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xb234), Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(0x234)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xcaca), Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(0xa, 0xca)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xdab4), Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(0xa, 0xb, 0x4)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xe19e), Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xe2a1), Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x2)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf107), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(0x1)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf40a), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(0x4)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf615), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x6)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfb18), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(0xb)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfd1e), Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(0xd)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfc29), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0xc)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfd33), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(0xd)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xfe55), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(0xe)));\n        assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(0xf365), Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(0x3)));\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn decoder_test_invalid_instructions() {\n        let invalid_to_encode = [\n            0x5ab1, 0x5abf, 0x8ab8, 0x8abd, 0x8abf,\n            0x9ab1, 0x9abf, 0xea9d, 0xea9f, 0xeaa0,\n            0xeaa2, 0xf006, 0xf008\n        ];\n\n        for i in invalid_to_encode {\n            assert_eq!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(i).encode(), 0xffff);\n            assert!(matches!(Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(i), Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION));\n        }\n    }\n\n    /// START OF THE EXECUTION TESTS\n    #[test]\n    fn sys_test() {\n        // 0x0nnn Exit to System Call\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0xFA0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xFA0);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0x0AF).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x0AF);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn jpaddr_test() {\n        // 0x1nnn Jump to Address\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0xABC).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xABC);\n    }\n\n    // ** test moved up so it can be used later\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_byte_test() {\n        // 0x6xkk Set Vx = kk\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x12).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x12);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0x21).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(2), 0x21);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sevxbyte_match_test() {\n        // 0x3xkk Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.\n        // The interpreter compares register Vx to kk,\n        // and if they are equal, increments the program counter by 2.\n\n        // test setup: Load value 0x84 into V1\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x84);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(1, 0x48).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x84);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(1, 0x84).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn se_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x4xkk Skip next instruction if Vx != kk\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x84);\n        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x84);\n        // skip, compare 0x84 to 0x84\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x84);\n        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x48);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy0 Set value of Vy in Vx\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x01);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0x02);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x02);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn or_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy1 Set Vx = Vx OR Vy\n        //   0b0101 0000 (0x50)\n        // | 0b0000 1010 (0x0A)\n        //   0b0101 1010 (0x5A)\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0b01010000);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0b00001010);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0b01011010);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn and_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy2 Set Vx = Vx AND Vy\n        //   0b1111 1100 (0xFC)\n        // \u0026 0b1100 1010 (0xCA)\n        //   0b1100 1000 (0xC8)\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0xFC);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0xCA);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0xC8);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn xor_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy3 Set Vx = Vx XOR Vy\n        //   0b1111 1100 (0xFC)\n        // ^ 0b1100 1010 (0xCA)\n        //   0b0011 0110 (0x36)\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0b11111100);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0b11001010);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0b00110110);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn add_vx_vy_test() {\n        // 0x8xy4 Set Vx = Vx + Vy (SET VF on Carry)\n        //    T1             T2: Judgement Test\n        //   0x01           0xFF\n        // + 0x01           0x01\n        //   0x02 F0        0x00 F1\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x0f, 00);\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x01);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0x01);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x00);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x01), 0x02);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x0f, 0x00);\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0xff);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0x01);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(1, 2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 1);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn shr_vx_vy_test() {\n        /*\n        Set Vx = Vx SHR 1.\n\n        If the least-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vx is divided by 2.\n        */\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x0f, 0x00);\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0b00001000);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0b00000000);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);     // 0b0000 0010 (0x02) (Not Set)\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0b00000100);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0);\n\n        x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x0f, 0x00);\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0b00001001);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0b00000100);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 1);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ldi_addr_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x123).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 0x123);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn jp_v0addr_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        /// jump to I + nnn\n        x.registers.poke(0x0, 0xff);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(0x100).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x1FF);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn cls_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::CLS.execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn skip_next_instruction_ne_text() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xf0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0x1, 0x0f).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xf0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0x1, 0xf0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn addivx_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke_i(0xabc);\n        x.registers.poke(0x0, 0x10);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(0x0).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 0xacc);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ldstvt_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xf0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(0x01).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.sound_timer.current(), 0xf0);\n        x.sound_timer.tick();\n        x.sound_timer.tick();\n        x.sound_timer.tick();\n        assert_eq!(x.sound_timer.current(), 0xed);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn rnd_vx_byte_text() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(0x1, 0x0f).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        let new_value = x.registers.peek(0x1);\n        assert!(new_value \u003c 0x10);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn add_vx_byte_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        // set a value in the register\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0xab);\n        // add 0x10 to register\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(0x1, 0x10).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0xbb);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sub_vx_vy_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        // load values in 2 registers\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x10);\n        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x08);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(0x1, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0x8);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sne_vx_vy_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x10);\n        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x10);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x10);\n        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x00);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_dt_vx_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x10);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.delay_timer.current(), 0x10);\n        for i in 0..0x20 {\n            x.delay_timer.tick();\n        }\n        assert_eq!(x.delay_timer.current(), 0);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_dt_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xf0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        x.delay_timer.tick();\n        x.delay_timer.tick();\n        x.delay_timer.tick();\n        assert_eq!(x.delay_timer.current(), 0xed);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn subn_vx_vy_test() {\n        // This instruction subtracts the value in\n        // register Vx from the value in register Vy and stores the result in register Vx.\n        // The subtraction is performed as follows: Vx = Vy - Vx. If Vy is less than Vx,\n        // the result will wrap around (due to the 8-bit nature of the registers).\n        // The carry flag (VF) is set to 1 if there is no borrow (i.e., Vy is greater\n        // than or equal to Vx), and it is set to 0 if there is a borrow.\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xa0);\n        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0xab);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        // expect the result to be 0x0b\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0x0b);\n        // expect the vf register to be set to 1 as there was overflow\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x0);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0xab);\n        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0xa0);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // expect the result to be 11110101, -0xB, -11, 245, 0xF5\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0xf5);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x1);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn shl_vx_vy_test_1() {\n        // 8xyE - SHL Vx {, Vy}\n        // Set Vx = Vx SHL 1.\n        //\n        // If the most-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise to 0. Then Vx is multiplied by 2.\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0b00100000);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x1, 0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0b01000000);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x0);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x1,  0b10101010);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x1, 0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0b01010100);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x1);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_f_vx_test() {\n        // Fx29 - LD F, Vx\n        // Set I = location of sprite for digit Vx.\n        //\n        // The value of I is set to the location for the hexadecimal sprite corresponding to the value of Vx. See section 2.4, Display, for more information on the Chip-8 hexadecimal font.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        // target_sprite = 2\n        // target_offset = 0x5\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x2);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 0x5);\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x06);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 25);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_b_vx_test() {\n        // Fx33 - LD B, Vx\n        // Store BCD representation of Vx in memory locations I, I+1, and I+2.\n        //\n        // The interpreter takes the decimal value of Vx, and places the hundreds digit\n        // in memory at location in I, the tens digit at location I+1,\n        // and the ones digit at location I+2.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n\n        // load the value 123 (0x7b)\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x7b);\n        x.registers.poke_i(0x500);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x500), 0x1);\n        assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x501), 0x2);\n        assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x502), 0x3);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_i_vx_test() {\n        // Store registers V0 through Vx in memory starting at location I.\n        //\n        // The interpreter copies the values of registers V0 through Vx into memory,\n        // starting at the address in I.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n\n        // Load Registers.\n        let to_load = [0xab, 0xba, 0xca, 0xca, 0xbe, 0xef];\n        for (idx, val) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            x.registers.poke(idx as u8, *val);\n        }\n        x.registers.poke_i(0x500);\n\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(to_load.len() as u16).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // Verify the values are in memory from 0x500 to 0x507\n        for (idx, value) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x500 + idx as u16), *value);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ld_vx_i_test() {\n        // Read registers V0 through Vx from memory starting at location I.\n        //\n        // The interpreter reads values from memory starting at location I into registers V0 through Vx.\n\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n\n        let base_offset = 0x500;\n        let to_load = [0xab, 0xba, 0xca, 0xca, 0xbe, 0xef];\n\n        // start by setting values in memory\n        for (idx, memory) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            let target_address = base_offset + idx;\n            let target_value = *memory;\n            x.memory.poke(target_address as u16, target_value);\n        }\n        // where to load from\n        x.registers.poke_i(0x500);\n        // how much to load\n        x.registers.poke(0x6, to_load.len() as u8);\n\n        // then copying them values memory to registers\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(0x6).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // now check that we have the right values in our registers\n        for (idx, value) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {\n            assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(idx as u8), *value);\n        }\n\n                }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn Sknkpvx_test() {\n        // ExA1 - SKNP Vx\n        // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is not pressed.\n        //\n        // Checks the keyboard,\n        // and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the up position,\n        // PC is increased by 2.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.keypad.push_key(0x5);\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);\n        x.keypad.release_key(0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn skpvx_test() {\n        // Ex9E - SKP Vx\n        // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is pressed.\n        //\n        // Checks the keyboard, and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the down position, PC is increased by 2.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.keypad.push_key(0x5);\n        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);\n\n        x.keypad.release_key(0x5);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn draw_nibble_vx_vy_n_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        let x_register = 0x1;\n        let y_register = 0x2;\n        let x_offset = 1;\n        let y_offset = 2;\n        let char_offset = 0x0A;\n\n        // now lets set the X and Y to 1,2\n        x.registers.poke(x_register, x_offset);\n        x.registers.poke(y_register, y_offset);\n        x.registers.poke_i(char_offset);\n        // we are using 5 rows.\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x_register as u16, y_register as u16, 5).execute(\u0026mut x);\n\n        // now check that video memory has the values at\n        // 1,2-\u003e1,9\n        // 2,2-\u003e2,9\n        // 3,2-\u003e3,9\n        // 4,2-\u003e4,9\n        // 5,2-\u003e5,9\n        //  let byte_to_check = CHIP8FONT_0[0];\n        for row_in_sprite in 0..5 {\n            let row_data = CHIP8FONT_2[row_in_sprite];\n            for bit_in_byte in 0..8 {\n                let data_offset = (x_offset\n                    as u16 + row_in_sprite as u16) * 64 + (bit_in_byte + y_offset) as u16;\n                let real_bit_in_byte = 7 - bit_in_byte;\n                let shifted_one = 0x01 \u003c\u003c real_bit_in_byte;\n                let one_shift_set = (shifted_one \u0026 row_data) \u003e 0;\n                println!(\"ROWDATA = \\t\\t[{row_data:08b}]\\tBIT IN BYTE = \\t[{bit_in_byte}]\\tONE_SHIFT_SET = [{one_shift_set}]\\tSHIFTED ONE = [{shifted_one:08b}]\");\n                println!(\"DATA_OFFSET FOR SOURCE DATA {}x{} is {} / offset by {}x{} and should be {} working with byte {:08b}\",\n                         bit_in_byte, row_in_sprite, data_offset, x_offset, y_offset, one_shift_set, row_data);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn sub_test() {\n        // 2nnn\n        // Call a subroutine at 2nnn\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x124).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x124);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 1);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::CallAddr(0x564).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x564);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 2);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ret_test() {\n        // Return from a subroutine.\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        x.stack.push(\u00260x132);\n        x.stack.push(\u00260xabc);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::RET.execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xabc);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 1);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::RET.execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x132);\n        assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 0);\n    }\n\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ldvxk_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(0x1).execute(\u0026mut x);\n        assert!(matches!(x.state, WaitingForKey));\n    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imgui::Key;\n\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Keypad {\n    keys: [bool; 0x10],\n}\n\nimpl Keypad {\n    pub fn format_as_string(\u0026self) -\u003e String {\n        let mut return_value = String::new();\n        // draw a 4x4 grid showing the keys with * filling the cells that are depressed\n        let keys = [\n            [0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0xc],[0x4, 0x5, 0x6, 0xd],[0x7, 0x8, 0x9, 0xe],[0xa, 0x0, 0xb, 0xf]\n        ];\n\n        for row in keys.iter() {\n            for (index, key) in row.iter().enumerate() {\n                let is_lit = if self.keys[*key] { \"*\".to_string() } else { char::from_digit(*key as u32, 16).unwrap_or(' ').to_string() };\n                match index {\n                    3 =\u003e {\n                        // last in col\n                        return_value += format!(\"|{}|\\n\", is_lit).as_str();\n                    }\n                    _=\u003e {\n                        return_value += format!(\"|{}\", is_lit).as_str();\n                    }\n                }\n            }\n        }\n\n        return_value\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Default for Keypad {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Keypad {\n            keys: [ false; 16]\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Keypad {\n    pub fn push_key(\u0026mut self, key_index: u8) {\n        self.keys[key_index as usize] = true;\n    }\n\n    pub fn release_key(\u0026mut self, key_index: u8) {\n        self.keys[key_index as usize] = false;\n    }\n\n    pub fn key_state(\u0026self, key_index: u8) -\u003e bool {\n        self.keys[key_index as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Keypad {\n        Keypad::default()\n    }\n\n    pub fn pressed(\u0026self, key: u8) -\u003e bool {\n        self.key_state(key)\n    }\n    pub fn released(\u0026self, key: u8) -\u003e bool {\n        !self.key_state(key)\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn keys_check() {\n        let mut k = Keypad::new();\n\n        for i in 0..16 {\n            assert!(!k.key_state(i));\n        }\n\n        // press a key\n        k.push_key(1);\n        k.push_key(2);\n        assert!(k.pressed(1));\n        assert!(k.pressed(2));\n        k.release_key(1);\n        assert!(k.released(1));\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":10,"address":[19767608,19765968,19767854],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":11,"address":[1791311],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":13,"address":[1791508],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":14,"address":[1791316],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":17,"address":[1791649,1791896,1791732],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":18,"address":[1791912],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":19,"address":[1792360,1792172],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":20,"address":[1792352],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":23,"address":[1792765,1792636],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":26,"address":[1793030,1792901],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":32,"address":[1791853],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":37,"address":[1793152],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":39,"address":[19767886],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":45,"address":[1793216],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":46,"address":[1793275,1793237],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":49,"address":[1793296],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":50,"address":[1793317,1793355],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":53,"address":[1793376],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":54,"address":[19768159,19768117],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":57,"address":[1793472],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":58,"address":[1793480],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":61,"address":[1793504],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":62,"address":[1793520],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":64,"address":[1793552],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":65,"address":[1793568],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":14,"coverable":25},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","registers.rs"],"content":"use log::debug;\n\n/// Registers.  numbered 1-16 publicly.\n/// Privately using zero base array so -1 to shift from pub to priv.\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Chip8Registers {\n    registers: [u8; 16],\n    i_register: u16,\n    pc: u16,\n    sp: u16,\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Registers {\n    pub fn advance_pc(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.pc += 2;\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Registers {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Registers {\n            registers: [0x00; 16],\n            i_register: 0x00,\n            pc: 0x200,\n            sp: 0x100,\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Registers {\n    pub fn poke_pc(\u0026mut self, new_pc: u16) {\n        self.pc = new_pc\n    }\n    pub fn peek_i(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        self.i_register\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke_i(\u0026mut self, new_value: u16) {\n        self.i_register = new_value;\n    }\n    pub fn peek(\u0026self, register_number: u8) -\u003e u8 {\n        self.registers[(register_number) as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke(\u0026mut self, register_number: u8, value: u8) {\n        if register_number \u003e 0xf {\n            panic!(\"INVALID REGISTER\");\n        }\n        self.registers[(register_number) as usize] = value;\n    }\n\n    pub fn peek_pc(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        self.pc\n    }\n\n    pub fn set_pc(\u0026mut self, new_pc: u16) {\n        self.pc = new_pc\n    }\n\n    pub fn format_as_string(\u0026self) -\u003e String {\n        format!(\"Vx: 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x}\\n    0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x} 0x{:02x}\\nI: 0x{:04x}\\tPC: 0x{:04x}\",\n                self.registers[0x0],\n                self.registers[0x1],\n                self.registers[0x2],\n                self.registers[0x3],\n                self.registers[0x4],\n                self.registers[0x5],\n                self.registers[0x6],\n                self.registers[0x7],\n                self.registers[0x8],\n                self.registers[0x9],\n                self.registers[0xa],\n                self.registers[0xb],\n                self.registers[0xc],\n                self.registers[0xd],\n                self.registers[0xe],\n                self.registers[0xf],\n                self.i_register,\n                self.pc\n        )\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use crate::chip8::registers::Chip8Registers;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn register_rw_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Registers::default();\n        x.poke(0x0, 0xff);\n        x.poke(0x1, 0xab);\n        assert_eq!(x.peek(0x0), 0xff);\n        assert_eq!(x.peek(0x1), 0xab);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn pc_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Registers::default();\n        x.set_pc(0x300);\n        assert_eq!(x.peek_pc(), 0x300);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    #[should_panic]\n    fn invalid_register() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Registers::default();\n        x.poke(0x10, 0xff);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn format_as_string_looks_right() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Registers::default();\n        for i in 0..0x10 {\n            x.registers[i] = i as u8;\n        }\n        x.pc = 0xabc;\n        x.i_register = 0xcab;\n        let result_string = x.format_as_string();\n        assert_eq!(result_string, String::from(\"Vx: 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07\\n    0x08 0x09 0x0a 0x0b 0x0c 0x0d 0x0e 0x0f\\nI: 0x0cab\\tPC: 0x0abc\"));\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":14,"address":[1779776],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":15,"address":[1779827,1779789],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":20,"address":[1779856],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":22,"address":[1779870],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":31,"address":[1779952],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":32,"address":[1779965],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":34,"address":[1779984],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":35,"address":[1779989],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":38,"address":[1780000],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":39,"address":[1780013],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":41,"address":[1780032],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":42,"address":[1780053,1780090],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":45,"address":[1780112],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":46,"address":[1780147],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":47,"address":[1780171],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":49,"address":[1780232,1780245,1780155],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}},{"line":52,"address":[1780272],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":53,"address":[1780277],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":56,"address":[1780288],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":57,"address":[1780301],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":60,"address":[1780320],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":61,"address":[1786532,1780911,1781097,1784908,1782820,1786764,1784212,1786068,1781004,1781655,1783516,1780446,1780818,1781841,1783748,1783284,1780539,1785372,1785140,1781469,1780632,1784444,1783980,1784676,1780725,1781283,1783052,1781562,1781748,1785604,1782024,1786300,1781934,1785836,1781376,1781190],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}}],"covered":20,"coverable":22},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","sound_timer.rs"],"content":"use std::{thread, time};\nuse beep::beep;\nuse log::trace;\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct SoundTimer {\n    counter: i32\n}\n\nimpl SoundTimer {\n    pub fn current(\u0026self) -\u003e i32 {\n        self.counter\n    }\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        SoundTimer {\n            counter: 0\n        }\n    }\n    pub fn set_timer(\u0026mut self, new_value: i32) {\n        trace!(\"SETTING SOUND TIMER TO {new_value}\");\n        self.counter = new_value\n    }\n\n    pub fn tick(\u0026mut self) {\n        trace!(\"TICKING SOUND FROM {} to {}\", self.counter, self.counter - 1);\n        if self.counter \u003e 0 {\n            self.counter -= 1;\n            /*\n            todo: this breaks tests.  maybe its wrong?\n            if let good_thread = thread::spawn(|| {\n                beep(440).expect(\"Unable to beep\");\n                thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(500));\n            }).join().unwrap().\n             */\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ticks_reduce_time() {\n        let mut st = SoundTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(100);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 97);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn out_of_ticks_works() {\n        let mut st = SoundTimer::new();\n        st.set_timer(0);\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        st.tick();\n        assert_eq!(st.current(), 0);\n    }\n}","traces":[{"line":11,"address":[1754528],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":12,"address":[1754533],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":19,"address":[1754560],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":20,"address":[1754784,1754584,1754662],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":21,"address":[1754620],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":24,"address":[1754928],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":25,"address":[1754948,1755141,1755279,1755026],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":26,"address":[1755508,1754984],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":27,"address":[1755484,1755510],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":9,"coverable":9},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","stack.rs"],"content":"#[derive(Clone)]\npub struct Chip8Stack {\n    items: Vec\u003cu16\u003e\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Stack {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Stack  {\n            items: vec![],\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Stack {\n    pub fn push(\u0026mut self, new_value: \u0026u16) {\n        if self.depth() == 16 {\n            panic!(\"Stack Overflow\");\n        }\n        self.items.push(*new_value );\n    }\n    pub fn pop(\u0026mut self) -\u003e u16 {\n        if self.items.is_empty() {\n            panic!(\"Stack Underflow\");\n        }\n        self.items.pop().unwrap()\n    }\n    pub fn depth(\u0026self) -\u003e u16 {\n        self.items.len() as u16\n    }\n\n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8Stack {\n            items: vec![]\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use rand::random;\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn push_pop_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n\n        // lets see if we can push and pop a bunch\n        x.push(\u00260xabcu16);\n        x.push(\u00260xcdeu16);\n        x.pop();\n        assert_eq!(x.depth(), 1);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    #[should_panic]\n    fn stack_overflow_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n        for i  in 0..17 {\n            x.push(\u0026i);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    #[should_panic]\n    fn stack_underflow_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n        x.pop();\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn lots_of_subs() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Stack::new();\n        let stack_contents = [0x123, 0x321, 0xabc, 0xdef,\n                                      0xbad, 0xbef, 0xfed, 0xcab,\n                                      0xbed, 0xcad, 0xfeb, 0xcab,\n                                      0xfff, 0x000, 0x001];\n        for i in stack_contents {\n            x.push(\u0026i);\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(x.depth(), 15);\n\n        // up to 50 random loops\n        let num_loops: u8 = random::\u003cu8\u003e() % 50;\n        for i in 0..num_loops {\n            let start_count = x.depth();\n            let num_pop = random::\u003cu8\u003e() % x.depth() as u8;\n            for current_pop in 0..num_pop {\n                x.pop();\n            }\n\n            let post_pop_count = x.depth();\n            assert_eq!(post_pop_count as u8, start_count as u8 - num_pop);\n            for current_push in 0..num_pop {\n                x.push(\u0026stack_contents[(current_push + post_pop_count as u8) as usize]);\n            }\n            assert_eq!(x.depth(), 15);\n        }\n\n    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glium::RawUniformValue::Vec2;\nuse image::load;\nuse imgui::sys::ImColor;\nuse imgui::{ImColor32, Ui};\nuse log::{debug, trace};\nuse ratatui::{style::Style, widgets::Widget};\n\nuse crate::constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};\n\npub const CHIP8_PROGRAM_LOAD_OFFSET: i32 = 0x200;\npub const CHIP8FONT_0: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_1: [u8; 5] = [0x20, 0x60, 0x20, 0x20, 0x70];\npub const CHIP8FONT_2: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_3: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_4: [u8; 5] = [0x90, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0x10];\npub const CHIP8FONT_5: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_6: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_7: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x40];\npub const CHIP8FONT_8: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_9: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x10, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_A: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x90, 0xF0, 0x90, 0x90];\npub const CHIP8FONT_B: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_C: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_D: [u8; 5] = [0xE0, 0x90, 0x90, 0x90, 0xE0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_E: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0];\npub const CHIP8FONT_F: [u8; 5] = [0xF0, 0x80, 0xF0, 0x80, 0x80];\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Chip8SystemMemory {\n    memory: [u8; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize],\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8SystemMemory {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n\n        let mut x = Chip8SystemMemory {\n            memory: [0x00; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize],\n        };\n\n        x.load_fonts_to_memory();\n        x\n    }\n}\n\nconst cell_width: i32 = 5i32;\nconst cell_height: i32 = 5i32;\n\nimpl Chip8SystemMemory {\n    \n    pub fn new() -\u003e Self {\n        Chip8SystemMemory {\n            memory: [0x00; CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE as usize],\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn peek(self, address: u16) -\u003e u8 {\n        trace!(\"PEEK: {} / {}\", address, self.memory[address as usize].clone());\n        self.memory[address as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke(\u0026mut self, address: u16, value: u8)  {\n        trace!(\"POKE: {} / {} to {}\", address, self.memory[address as usize], value);\n        self.memory[address as usize] = value;\n    }\n\n    pub fn load_program(\u0026mut self, program_to_load: Box\u003cVec\u003cu8\u003e\u003e) {\n        for load_index in 0..program_to_load.len() {\n            self.poke((load_index + 0x200) as u16, program_to_load[load_index]);\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn load_fonts_to_memory(\u0026mut self) {\n        let all_font_characters = [\n            CHIP8FONT_0,\n            CHIP8FONT_1,\n            CHIP8FONT_2,\n            CHIP8FONT_3,\n            CHIP8FONT_4,\n            CHIP8FONT_5,\n            CHIP8FONT_6,\n            CHIP8FONT_7,\n            CHIP8FONT_8,\n            CHIP8FONT_9,\n            CHIP8FONT_A,\n            CHIP8FONT_B,\n            CHIP8FONT_C,\n            CHIP8FONT_D,\n            CHIP8FONT_E,\n            CHIP8FONT_F,\n        ];\n\n        for (font_index, current_font) in all_font_characters.iter().enumerate() {\n            for font_mem_offset in 0..=4 {\n                let real_offset = font_index * 5 + font_mem_offset;\n                self.poke(real_offset as u16, current_font[font_mem_offset]);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn model_smoke() {\n        let m = Chip8SystemMemory::default();\n        for i in 0..5 {\n            assert_eq!(m.peek(i), CHIP8FONT_0[i as usize]);\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(m.peek((CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE - 1) as u16), 0);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn known_data_loaded_correctly() {\n        let to_load = [ 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05 , 0x06 ];\n        let mut x = Chip8SystemMemory::default();\n\n        for (index, value) in [1..10].iter().enumerate() {\n            assert_ne!(x.peek(0), 0x01);\n            x.poke(0, 0x01);\n            assert_eq!(x.peek(0), 0x01);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn verify_load_program() {\n        // first line of 1-chip-logo.ch8\n        let program_to_load = [0x00e0, 0x6101, 0x6008, 0xa250, 0xd01f, 0x6010, 0xa25f, 0xd01f];\n\n        let mut x = Chip8SystemMemory::new();\n\n        \n    }\n}\n","traces":[{"line":34,"address":[19747712],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":37,"address":[1787548],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":40,"address":[1787591],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":41,"address":[1787606],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":50,"address":[1787648],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":52,"address":[1787677],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":56,"address":[1787728],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":57,"address":[1788112,1787962,1787834,1787748],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":58,"address":[1788326,1787779,1788342],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":61,"address":[1788368],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":62,"address":[1788488,1788838,1788402,1788616],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}},{"line":63,"address":[1789108,1789088,1788433],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}},{"line":66,"address":[19749344,19749685],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":67,"address":[1789225,1789158,1789343],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":68,"address":[1789361],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":0}},{"line":72,"address":[1789504],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":73,"address":[1789524],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":92,"address":[1789865,1790031],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}},{"line":93,"address":[1790073],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":94,"address":[1790327,1790237],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":95,"address":[1790319,1790363],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}}],"covered":18,"coverable":21},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","util.rs"],"content":"pub struct InstructionUtil {}\n\nimpl InstructionUtil {\n    pub fn byte_to_bools(to_convert: u8) -\u003e [bool; 8] {\n        let mut return_values = [false; 8];\n        for i in 0..8 {\n            let new_value = to_convert \u003e\u003e i \u0026 0x1 == 1;\n            return_values[i as usize] = new_value;\n        }\n        return_values\n    }\n\n    pub fn bools_to_byte(to_convert: [bool; 8]) -\u003e u8 {\n        let mut return_value = 0u8;\n        for i in 0..to_convert.len() {\n            let new_bit = 0x1 \u003c\u003c i;\n            if to_convert[i] {\n                return_value = return_value | new_bit\n            }\n        }\n        return_value\n    }\n\n    pub fn split_bytes(to_split: u16) -\u003e (u8, u8) {\n        let high = to_split.rotate_left(8) as u8;\n        let low = (to_split \u0026 0xff) as u8;\n\n        (high, low)\n    }\n\n    pub fn join_bytes(high: u8, low: u8) -\u003e u16 {\n        let result = (high as u16) \u003c\u003c 8 | low as u16;\n        result\n    }\n\n    // nnn or addr - A 12-bit value, the lowest 12 bits of the instruction\n    pub fn read_addr_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x0FFF\n    }\n\n    // n or nibble - A 4-bit value, the lowest 4 bits of the instruction\n    pub fn read_nibble_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x000F\n    }\n\n    // x - A 4-bit value, the lower 4 bits of the high byte of the instruction\n    pub fn read_x_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x0F00).rotate_right(8)\n    }\n\n    // y - A 4-bit value, the upper 4 bits of the low byte of the instruction\n    pub fn read_y_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x00F0).rotate_right(4)\n    }\n\n    // kk or byte - An 8-bit value, the lowest 8 bits of the instruction\n    pub fn read_byte_from_instruction(instruction_to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (instruction_to_read_from \u0026 0x00FF)\n    }\n\n    pub fn read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(to_read_from: u16) -\u003e u16 {\n        (to_read_from \u0026 0x0f00) \u003e\u003e 8\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() {\n        assert!(true)\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn split_bytes() {\n        // from 0xABCD we should have AB high, CD low\n        let (low, high) = InstructionUtil::split_bytes(0xabcd);\n        assert_eq!(low, 0xAB);\n        assert_eq!(high, 0xCD);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn join_bytes() {\n        // from 0xAB low and 0xCD high we get 0xABCD\n        let merged = InstructionUtil::join_bytes(0xcd, 0xab);\n        assert_eq!(merged, 0xcdab);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn read_from_instruction() {\n        // from 0xABCD\n        let source = 0xABCD;\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_addr_from_instruction(source), 0xBCD);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_nibble_from_instruction(source), 0xD);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_x_from_instruction(source), 0xB);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_y_from_instruction(source), 0xC);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_byte_from_instruction(source), 0xCD);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn ubln() {\n        // from 0xABCD we should see B\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(0xABCD), 0xB);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(0x0123), 0x1);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::read_upper_byte_lower_nibble(0x0000), 0x0);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn byte_to_bool_changes() {\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b00000000), [false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b11111111), [true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b11001100), [false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::byte_to_bools(0b11110000), [false, false, false, false, true, true, true, true]);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false]), 0b00000000);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([true, true, true, true, true, true, true, true]), 0b11111111);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([false, false, true, true, false, false, true, true]), 0b11001100);\n        assert_eq!(InstructionUtil::bools_to_byte([false, false, false, false, true, true, true, true]), 0b11110000);\n    }\n}\n","traces":[{"line":4,"address":[1702288],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":5,"address":[1702303],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":6,"address":[1702390,1702320,1702491],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":7,"address":[1702402,1702459],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":8,"address":[19763877,19763820,19763860],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":10,"address":[1702370],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":13,"address":[1702528],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":14,"address":[1702547],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":15,"address":[1702615,1702552],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":16,"address":[1702630,1702670],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":17,"address":[1702691,1702738,1702662],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":18,"address":[1702730],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":21,"address":[1702606],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":24,"address":[1702752],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":25,"address":[1702789],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":26,"address":[1702793],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":31,"address":[19764176],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":32,"address":[1702814],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":37,"address":[1702848],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":38,"address":[1702856],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":42,"address":[1702864],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":43,"address":[1702872],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":47,"address":[1702880],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":48,"address":[1702888],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":52,"address":[1702928],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":53,"address":[1702936],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":57,"address":[1702976],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":58,"address":[1702984],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":61,"address":[1702992],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":62,"address":[1703000],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}}],"covered":30,"coverable":30},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","chip8","video.rs"],"content":"use log::{debug, trace};\nuse crate::constants::CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY;\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy)]\npub struct Chip8Video {\n    memory: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY],\n    pub has_frame_changed: bool\n}\n\nimpl Chip8Video {\n    pub fn cls(\u0026mut self)  {\n        for i in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            self.memory[i] = false;\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn start_frame(\u0026mut self) {\n        self.has_frame_changed = false;\n    }\n\n    pub fn new(initial_configuration: [bool; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY]) -\u003e Self {\n        Self {\n            memory: initial_configuration,\n            has_frame_changed: false\n        }\n    }\n\n    pub fn peek(self, address: u16) -\u003e bool {\n        self.memory[address as usize]\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke(\u0026mut self, address: u16, new_value: bool) -\u003e Self {\n        trace!(\"OFFSET: {address} - POKING {new_value}\");\n        let old_value = self.memory[address as usize];\n        if old_value != new_value {\n            trace!(\"**VIDEO** TOGGLING\");\n            self.has_frame_changed = true;\n        } else {\n            trace!(\"NOT TOGGLING\");\n        }\n        self.memory[address as usize] = new_value;\n        self.to_owned()\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke_byte(\u0026mut self, first_address: u16, to_write: u8) -\u003e Self  {\n        for i in (0..8).rev() {\n           let shifted = ((1 \u003c\u003c i) \u0026 to_write) \u003e\u003e i;\n            //\n            let target_address = first_address + (7 - i);\n            let is_set = shifted == 1;\n           self.poke(target_address, is_set);\n        }\n        self.to_owned()\n    }\n\n    pub fn poke_sprite(\u0026mut self, first_address: u16, to_write: Vec\u003cu8\u003e) -\u003e Self {\n        let sprite_length = to_write.len();\n\n        for (index, byte) in to_write.iter().enumerate() {\n            let real_address = index * 64;\n            self.poke_byte(real_address as u16, *byte);\n        }\n        self.to_owned()\n    }\n\n    pub fn format_as_string(self) -\u003e String {\n        let mut output = String::new();\n        for row in 0..32 {\n            for column in 0..64 {\n                let data_offset = row * 64 + column;\n                debug!(\"Rendering {data_offset} with value {}\", self.memory[data_offset]);\n                if self.memory[data_offset] {\n                    output += \"*\"\n                } else {\n                    output += \" \"\n                }\n            }\n            output += \"\\n\";\n        }\n\n        output\n    }\n}\n\nimpl Default for Chip8Video {\n    fn default() -\u003e Self {\n        Self { memory: [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY as usize], has_frame_changed: false }\n    }\n}\n\n#[cfg(test)]\nmod test {\n    use std::fs::File;\n    use std::io::Read;\n    use crate::chip8::system_memory::{CHIP8FONT_0, CHIP8FONT_1, CHIP8FONT_2, CHIP8FONT_3, CHIP8FONT_4, CHIP8FONT_5, CHIP8FONT_6, CHIP8FONT_7};\n    use crate::constants::{CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};\n    use super::*;\n\n    #[test]\n    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn default_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n\n        for i in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            assert!(!x.peek(i as u16));\n            // then flip the value and test again.\n            \u0026x.poke(i as u16, true);\n            assert!(x.peek(i as u16));\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn string_test_1() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n        let mut working_string = String::new();\n        for i in 0..32 {\n            working_string += \u0026*(\" \".repeat(64) + \"\\n\");\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(working_string, x.format_as_string());\n\n        let mut working_string = String::new();\n        // set a checkerboard...\n        for cb_row in 0..32 {\n            for cb_col in 0..64 {\n                let data_offset = cb_row * 64 + cb_col;\n                if data_offset % 2 == 0 {\n                    x.poke(data_offset, true);\n                    working_string += \"*\";\n                } else {\n                    x.poke(data_offset, false);\n                    working_string += \" \";\n                }\n            }\n            working_string += \"\\n\";\n        }\n\n        assert_eq!(working_string, x.format_as_string());\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn set_initial_memory() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n        // let mut initial_memory = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let mut ws = String::new();\n        // set our checkerboard\n        for cbr in 0..32 {\n            for cbc in 0..64 {\n                let dof = cbr * 64 + cbc;\n                if (dof as i32 % 2) == 0 {\n                    x.poke(dof, true);\n                    ws += \"*\";\n                } else {\n                    ws += \" \";\n                }\n            }\n            ws += \"\\n\";\n        }\n        assert_eq!(x.format_as_string(), ws);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_byte() {\n        let to_poke = 0b11001111;\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n        x.poke_byte(0x05, to_poke);\n        let mut expected = String::new();\n        expected = \"     **  ****                                                   \\n\".to_string();\n        for i in 0..31 {\n            expected += \u0026*(\" \".repeat(64) + \"\\n\");\n        }\n        assert_eq!(x.format_as_string(), expected);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn cls() {\n        let mut initial_memory = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];\n        let mut ws = String::new();\n        // set our checkerboard\n        for cbr in 0..32 {\n            for cbc in 0..64 {\n                let dof = cbr * 64 + cbc;\n                if (dof as i32 % 2) == 0 {\n                    initial_memory[dof] = true;\n                }\n                ws += \" \";\n            }\n            ws += \"\\n\";\n        }\n        let mut set_x = Chip8Video::new(initial_memory);\n        set_x.cls();\n        assert_eq!(set_x.format_as_string(), ws);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_byte_test() {\n        let to_poke = 0b10101010;\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        v.poke_byte(0x00, to_poke);\n        assert!(v.peek(0x00));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x02));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x04));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x06));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x01));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x03));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x05));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0x07));\n        for i in 0x8..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {\n            assert!(!v.peek(i as u16));\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_multi_line_test() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        let to_poke = [\n            0b00000000,\n            0b11111111,\n            0b10101010,\n            0b01010101\n        ];\n\n        for (byte_in_set, byte_to_poke) in to_poke.iter().enumerate() {\n            let base_offset = byte_in_set * 64;\n           v.poke_byte(base_offset as u16, *byte_to_poke);\n        }\n\n        // row 2 column 1\n        {\n            assert!(v.peek(0x40));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x41));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x42));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x43));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x44));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x45));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x46));\n            assert!(v.peek(0x47));\n\n            // row 3 column 1\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC0));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC1));\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC2));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC3));\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC4));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC5));\n            assert!(!v.peek(0xC6));\n            assert!(v.peek(0xC7));\n        }\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn moved_poke_test() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        let to_poke = [\n            0b00000000,\n            0b11111111,\n            0b10101010,\n            0b01010101\n        ];\n\n        let x_offset = 20;\n        let y_offset = 5;\n\n\n        for (byte_in_set, byte_to_poke) in to_poke.iter().enumerate() {\n            let base_offset = (x_offset + byte_in_set) * 64 + y_offset;\n            v.poke_byte(base_offset as u16, *byte_to_poke);\n        }\n\n        let test_offset = (x_offset * 64 + y_offset) as u16;\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 1));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 2));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 3));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 4));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 5));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 6));\n        assert!(!v.peek(test_offset + 7));\n\n        let test_offset= test_offset + 0x40;\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 1));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 2));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 3));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 4));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 5));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 6));\n        assert!(v.peek(test_offset + 7));\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn poke_sprite_test() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        let to_poke = [\n            0b00000000,\n            0b11111111,\n            0b10101010,\n            0b01010101\n        ];\n\n        v.poke_sprite(0x00, to_poke.into());\n\n        assert!(v.peek(0x40));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x41));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x42));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x43));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x44));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x45));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x46));\n        assert!(v.peek(0x47));\n\n        // row 3 column 1\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC0));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC1));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC2));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC3));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC4));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC5));\n        assert!(!v.peek(0xC6));\n        assert!(v.peek(0xC7));\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn verify_change_registered() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        v.poke(0x01, true);\n        assert!(v.has_frame_changed);\n\n        v.start_frame();\n        assert!(!v.has_frame_changed);\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn write_checkboard() {\n        let mut v = Chip8Video::default();\n        for current_row in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH {\n            for current_col in 0..(CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT / 8){\n                let offset = current_row * CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT + current_col;\n                println!(\"CHECKBOARD OFFSET = {offset}\");\n                v.poke(offset as u16, offset % 2 == 0);\n            }\n        }\n        println!(\"{}\", v.format_as_string());\n        println!(\"fsck is a cool tool\");\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn zero_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n\n        x.poke_byte(0x00, CHIP8FONT_0[0]);\n        x.poke_byte(0x40, CHIP8FONT_0[1]);\n        x.poke_byte(0x80, CHIP8FONT_0[2]);\n        x.poke_byte(0xC0, CHIP8FONT_0[3]);\n        x.poke_byte(0x100, CHIP8FONT_0[4]);\n\n        assert_eq!(std::fs::read_to_string(\"../resources/test/test_video_zero.asc\")\n                       .unwrap(),\n                   x.format_as_string());\n    }\n\n    #[test]\n    fn multi_sprite_test() {\n        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();\n        // draw a row of digits 01234567\n\n        let start_offset = 0x00;\n        let per_row_skip = 0x40;\n        let to_draw = [CHIP8FONT_0, CHIP8FONT_1, CHIP8FONT_2, CHIP8FONT_3, CHIP8FONT_4, CHIP8FONT_5, CHIP8FONT_6, CHIP8FONT_7];\n        for (index, sprite) in to_draw.iter().enumerate() {\n            let data_base_offset = index * 0x8;\n            println!(\"STARTING {index} at 0x{data_base_offset:04x} ({data_base_offset})\");\n            x.poke_byte(data_base_offset as u16, sprite[0]);\n            x.poke_byte((data_base_offset + 0x40) as u16, sprite[1]);\n            x.poke_byte((data_base_offset + 0x80) as u16, sprite[2]);\n            x.poke_byte((data_base_offset + 0xC0) as u16, sprite[3]);\n            x.poke_byte((data_base_offset + 0x100) as u16, sprite[4]);\n        }\n\n\n        assert_eq!(std::fs::read_to_string(\"../resources/test/test_multi_sprite.asc\")\n                       .unwrap(),\n                   x.format_as_string());    }\n}\n","traces":[{"line":11,"address":[19759680],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":12,"address":[1755833,1755870,1755774],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":13,"address":[1755877,1755848],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":17,"address":[1755904],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":18,"address":[1755909],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":21,"address":[1755920],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":28,"address":[19759904],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":29,"address":[1756043,1756000],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":32,"address":[1756064],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":33,"address":[1756196,1756110,1756425],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":34,"address":[1756650,1756141,1756620],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":35,"address":[1756632,1756989],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":36,"address":[1757022,1756710],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":37,"address":[1756982],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":39,"address":[1756810,1756671],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":41,"address":[19761123,19760676,19761156],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":42,"address":[1757213],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":45,"address":[1757264],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":46,"address":[1757418,1757323],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}},{"line":47,"address":[1757436,1757551],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":49,"address":[1757673,1757528,1757577],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":8}},{"line":50,"address":[1757632],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":51,"address":[1757649],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":53,"address":[19761320],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":56,"address":[1757696,1758217],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":57,"address":[1757750,1757817],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":59,"address":[1758070,1757825],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":60,"address":[1758164,1758106,1758192],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":61,"address":[19762096,19762140],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":63,"address":[1758063],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":66,"address":[19762176,19763504],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":67,"address":[1758276],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":68,"address":[1758281,1758377,1758518],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":69,"address":[1758693,1758539],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":70,"address":[19762650,19762775,19762685],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":71,"address":[1758861,1759260,1758932,1759132,1758797],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":3}},{"line":72,"address":[19763390,19762803],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":73,"address":[1759531,1759563],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":75,"address":[1759558,1759504],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":78,"address":[1758661,1758734],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":2}},{"line":81,"address":[1758475],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":1}},{"line":86,"address":[1759600],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}},{"line":87,"address":[1759617],"length":1,"stats":{"Line":4}}],"covered":43,"coverable":43},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","constants.rs"],"content":"pub const CHIP8_REGISTER_COUNT: i32 = 16;\npub const CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE: i32 = 4096i32;\npub const CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH: i32 = 64i32;\npub const CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT: i32 = 32i32;\npub const CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY: usize = (CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT * CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH) as usize;\npub const CHIP8_ROM_SIZE: usize = 512;\n","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0},{"path":["/","home","tmerritt","Projects","chip8_toy","emma","src","lib.rs"],"content":"pub mod chip8 {\n    pub mod video;\n    pub mod sound_timer;\n    pub mod delay_timer;\n    pub mod keypad;\n    pub mod computer;\n    pub mod system_memory;\n    pub mod instructions;\n    pub mod cpu_states;\n    pub mod util;\n    pub mod registers;\n\n    pub mod stack;\n}\n\npub mod constants;","traces":[],"covered":0,"coverable":0}]};
     </script>
     <script crossorigin>/** @license React v16.13.1
  * react.production.min.js
diff --git a/emma/src/bin/emmagui.rs b/emma/src/bin/emmagui.rs
index 126ff8e..53b9f2c 100644
--- a/emma/src/bin/emmagui.rs
+++ b/emma/src/bin/emmagui.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+use std::default::Default;
+use std::fs::DirEntry;
+use std::time::Instant;
 use emmaemu::{
     chip8::computer::Chip8Computer,
     constants::{CHIP8_MEMORY_SIZE, CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH},
@@ -11,53 +14,61 @@ use support::emmagui_support::EmmaGui;
 mod support;
 
 
-fn hello_world_window(ui: &Ui) {
-
-    let mut value = 1;
-    let choices = ["test test this is 1", "test test this is 2"];
-    ui.window("EmmaGui")
-        .size([300.0, 110.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)
-        .build(|| {
-            ui.text_wrapped("Hello world!");
-            ui.text_wrapped("こんにちは世界！");
-            if ui.button(choices[value]) {
-                value += 1;
-                value %= 2;
-            }
-
-            ui.button("This...is...imgui-rs!");
-            ui.separator();
-            let mouse_pos = ui.io().mouse_pos;
-            ui.text(format!(
-                "Mouse Position: ({:.1},{:.1})",
-                mouse_pos[0], mouse_pos[1]
-            ));
-        });
-}
-
-#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 struct UiState {
     pub show_registers: bool,
     pub show_memory: bool,
-    pub show_video: bool
+    pub show_video: bool,
+    pub filename_to_load: String,
+   pub on_colour: ImColor32,
+   pub off_colour: ImColor32,
+    pub is_running: bool,
+    pub frame_time: f32
+}
+
+impl Clone for UiState {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        UiState {
+            show_registers: self.show_registers,
+            show_memory: self.show_memory,
+            show_video: self.show_video,
+            filename_to_load: self.filename_to_load.to_string(),
+            on_colour: self.on_colour,
+            off_colour: self.off_colour,
+            is_running: self.is_running,
+            frame_time: self.frame_time
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Default for UiState {
     fn default() -> Self {
         UiState {
-            show_registers: true,
-            show_memory: true,
-            show_video: true
+            show_registers: false,
+            show_memory: false,
+            show_video: true,
+            filename_to_load: String::new(),
+            on_colour: ImColor32::from_rgb(0xff, 0xff, 0x00),
+            off_colour: ImColor32::from_rgb(0x00, 0xff, 0xff),
+            is_running: false,
+            frame_time: 32.0
         }
     }
 }
 
-
 fn main() {
     pretty_env_logger::init();
     let mut system = Chip8Computer::default();
     let mut ui_state = UiState::default();
+    let mut last_tick_time = Instant::now();
+
     support::simple_init(file!(), move |_, ui| {
+        let current_time = Instant::now();
+        let time_since_last_tick = current_time.duration_since(last_tick_time).as_millis();
+        if ui_state.is_running && time_since_last_tick > ui_state.frame_time as u128 {
+            system.step_system();
+            last_tick_time = current_time;
+        }
+
         EmmaGui::system_controls(&mut system, &mut ui_state, ui);
 
         if ui_state.show_registers {
@@ -65,16 +76,12 @@ fn main() {
         }
 
         if ui_state.show_video {
-            EmmaGui::video_display(&system, ui);
+            EmmaGui::video_display(&system, &ui_state, ui);
         }
 
         if ui_state.show_memory {
             let active_instruction = system.registers.peek_pc();
             EmmaGui::hex_memory_display(system.memory.clone(), (0x100, 0x10), active_instruction as i16, ui);
         }
-      //  EmmaGui::system_memory_render(system.memory, ui);
-
-      //  system.memory.gui_render(ui);
-
     });
 }
diff --git a/emma/src/bin/support/emmagui_support.rs b/emma/src/bin/support/emmagui_support.rs
index 9db58a4..616d7b2 100644
--- a/emma/src/bin/support/emmagui_support.rs
+++ b/emma/src/bin/support/emmagui_support.rs
@@ -1,29 +1,51 @@
 use std::fs::File;
 use std::io::Read;
-use std::path::Path;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::thread::sleep;
 use std::time::Duration;
 use imgui::{Condition, ImColor32, Ui};
+use log::debug;
 use emmaemu::chip8::computer::Chip8Computer;
 use emmaemu::chip8::system_memory::Chip8SystemMemory;
 use emmaemu::constants::{CHIP8_VIDEO_HEIGHT, CHIP8_VIDEO_WIDTH};
 use crate::UiState;
 
 
-pub struct EmmaGui  {
-}
+pub struct EmmaGui {}
 
 const CELL_WIDTH: i32 = 5i32;
 const CELL_HEIGHT: i32 = 5i32;
 
+struct GuiFileList {}
+
+impl GuiFileList {
+    pub fn display_path(root: PathBuf, selected_filename: &String, ui: &Ui) -> String {
+        let mut working_filename = selected_filename.clone();
+        ui.text(format!("Displaying {}", root.to_str().unwrap_or("Unable to parse path")));
+        for (index, entry) in std::fs::read_dir(root.as_path()).unwrap().enumerate() {
+            let filename = entry.unwrap().file_name();
+            let filename = filename.to_str().unwrap();
+            let mut working_select = ui.selectable_config(format!("{}", filename));
+            if filename == selected_filename {
+                working_select = working_select.selected(true);
+            }
+            if working_select.build() {
+                debug!("SELECTED {index} / {filename}");
+                working_filename = filename.to_string();
+            };
+        }
+        working_filename
+    }
+}
+
+
 impl EmmaGui {
-    pub fn video_display(system_to_control: &Chip8Computer, ui: &Ui) {
+    pub fn video_display(system_to_control: &Chip8Computer, gui_state: &UiState, ui: &Ui) {
         // draw area size
         let draw_area_size = ui.io().display_size;
         let cell_width = ((draw_area_size[0] as i32 / 64) * 6) / 10;
         let cell_height = ((draw_area_size[1] as i32 / 32) * 6) / 10;
 
-
         ui.window(format!("Display {cell_width}x{cell_height}"))
             .size([300.0, 300.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)
             .build(|| {
@@ -32,58 +54,77 @@ impl EmmaGui {
                 ui.text("This is the video display.");
                 for current_row in 0..=31 {
                     for current_column in 0..=63 {
-                        let x_offset = origin[0] as i32 +  (current_column * cell_width);
+                        let x_offset = origin[0] as i32 + (current_column * cell_width);
                         let y_offset = origin[1] as i32 + (current_row * cell_height);
                         let current_origin = [x_offset as f32, y_offset as f32];
                         let current_limit = [(x_offset + cell_width) as f32, (y_offset + cell_height) as f32];
                         let memory_offset = (current_row * 64 + current_column) as u16;
                         let to_render = system_to_control.video_memory.peek(memory_offset);
                         let color: ImColor32 = if to_render {
-                            ImColor32::from_rgb(0xff, 0x00, 0x00)
+                            gui_state.on_colour
                         } else {
-                            ImColor32::from_rgb(0x00, 0x00, 0xff)
+                            gui_state.off_colour
                         };
                         fg.add_rect_filled_multicolor(current_origin, current_limit, color, color, color, color);
                     }
                 }
             });
     }
-    pub fn system_controls(system_to_control: &mut Chip8Computer,  gui_state: &mut UiState, ui: &Ui) {
+    pub fn system_controls(system_to_control: &mut Chip8Computer, gui_state: &mut UiState, ui: &Ui) {
         ui.window("!!!! CONTROLS !!!!")
-            .size([200.0, 200.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)
+            .size([345.0, 200.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)
             .build(|| {
-                ui.text("Computer Controls");
+                /* ROM Lister */
+                let new_filename = GuiFileList::display_path(PathBuf::from("resources/roms"), &gui_state.filename_to_load, ui);
+                if !new_filename.is_empty() {
+                    if new_filename != gui_state.filename_to_load {
+                        println!("NEW FILENAME SELECTED -> {new_filename}");
+                        gui_state.filename_to_load = new_filename;
+                    }
+                    if ui.button("Load Program") {
+                        let mut buffer = Vec::new();
 
+                        println!("PREPARING TO LOAD {}", gui_state.filename_to_load);
+                        // let mut input_file = File::open(Path::new("./1-chip8-logo.ch8")).expect("put 1-chip8-logo.ch8 in this directory");
+                        let mut input_file = File::open(Path::new(&("resources/roms/".to_string() + &gui_state.filename_to_load))).expect("put 1-chip8-logo.ch8 in this directory");
+                        input_file.read_to_end(&mut buffer).expect("unable to read file");
+                        system_to_control.load_bytes_to_memory(0x200, buffer.into());
+                    }
+                }
+                ui.separator();
                 if ui.button("Step") {
                     system_to_control.step_system();
                 };
-                if ui.button("Load Program") {
-                    let mut buffer = Vec::new();
-
-                    println!("PREPARING TO LOAD 1-chip8-logo.ch8");
-                   // let mut input_file = File::open(Path::new("./1-chip8-logo.ch8")).expect("put 1-chip8-logo.ch8 in this directory");
-                    let mut input_file = File::open(Path::new("./coraxhard.ch8")).expect("put 1-chip8-logo.ch8 in this directory");
-                    input_file.read_to_end(&mut buffer).expect("unable to read file");
-                    system_to_control.load_bytes_to_memory(0x200, buffer.into());
+                if ui.button("Run") {
+                    gui_state.is_running = true;
+                    println!("STARTING THE SYSTEM");
                 }
+                if ui.button("Stop") {
+                    gui_state.is_running = false;
+                    println!("STOPPING THE SYSTEM");
+                }
+                ui.same_line();
                 if ui.button("Reset") {
                     *system_to_control = Chip8Computer::new();
                 }
-
                 if ui.button("Dump Video Memory") {
                     println!("{}", system_to_control.dump_video_to_string());
                 }
+                ui.same_line();
                 if ui.button("Dump Keypad State") {
                     println!("{}", system_to_control.dump_keypad_to_string());
                 }
+                ui.same_line();
                 if ui.button("Dump Registers") {
                     println!("{}", system_to_control.dump_registers_to_string());
                 }
+                ui.separator();
 
-                 ui.checkbox("Show Memory", &mut gui_state.show_memory);
+                ui.checkbox("Show Memory", &mut gui_state.show_memory);
+                ui.same_line();
                 ui.checkbox("Show Video", &mut gui_state.show_video);
+                ui.same_line();
                 ui.checkbox("Show Registers", &mut gui_state.show_registers);
-
             });
     }
 
@@ -114,6 +155,7 @@ impl EmmaGui {
         let cols = position.1;
         ui.window("System Memory")
             .size([400.0, 300.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)
+            .position([500.0, 300.0], Condition::Always)
             .build(|| {
                 let mut current_x_hover: i32 = 0;
                 let mut current_y_hover: i32 = 0;
diff --git a/emma/src/chip8/instructions.rs b/emma/src/chip8/instructions.rs
index d2f6bd8..787598a 100644
--- a/emma/src/chip8/instructions.rs
+++ b/emma/src/chip8/instructions.rs
@@ -496,24 +496,38 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
             }
             // 0x8xy1 Set Vx = Vx OR Vy
             Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(x, y) => {
-                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*x as u8) | input.registers.peek(*y as u8));
+                // shift them to 16 bit
+                let working_16_x = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) as u16;
+                let working_16_y = input.registers.peek(*y as u8) as u16;
+                // OR them
+                let working_16_or = working_16_x | working_16_y;
+                // shift them back to 8 bit.
+                let to_set = working_16_or as u8;
+                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, to_set);
                 debug!("OrVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]")
             }
             // 0x8xy2 Set Vx = Vx AND Vy
             Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(x, y) => {
-                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*x as u8) & input.registers.peek(*y as u8));
-                debug!("AndVxVy [0x{x:1x}] [0x{y:1x}]");
+                let lhs_16 = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) as u16;
+                let rhs_16 = input.registers.peek(*y as u8) as u16;
+                let and_16 = lhs_16 & rhs_16;
+
+                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, and_16 as u8);
+                debug!("AndVxVy [0x{x:02x}] [0x{y:02x}] [0b{and_16:08b}");
             }
             // 0x8xy3 Set Vx = Vx XOR Vy
             Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(x, y) => {
-                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.registers.peek(*x as u8) ^ input.registers.peek(*y as u8));
+                let lhs_16 = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) as u16;
+                let rhs_16 = input.registers.peek(*y as u8) as u16;
+                let xor_16 = lhs_16 ^ rhs_16;
+                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, xor_16 as u8);
             }
             // 0x8xy4 Set Vx = Vx + Vy (SET VF on Carry)
             Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(x, y) => {
-                let lhs = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);
-                let rhs = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);
-                let working = (lhs as i16 + rhs as i16) as i16;
-                if working > 255 {
+                let lhs = input.registers.peek(*x as u8) as i16;
+                let rhs = input.registers.peek(*y as u8) as i16;
+                let working = lhs + rhs;
+                if working > 0xff {
                     input.registers.poke(0xf, 0x01);
                 }
                 input.registers.poke(*x as u8, working as u8);
@@ -759,11 +773,14 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
             Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIVx(x) => {
                 // Store registers V0 through Vx in memory starting at location I.
                 //
-                // The interpreter copies the values of registers V0 through Vx into memory, starting at the address in I.
+                // The interpreter copies the values of registers V0 through Vx into memory,
+                // starting at the address in I.
+                let num_loops = x;
                 let offset = input.registers.peek_i();
-                for i in 0..*x {
+                for i in 0..=*x {
                     input.memory.poke(offset + i, input.registers.peek(i as u8));
                 }
+                input.registers.poke_i(offset + 1);
             }
             Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(x) => {
                 // Read registers V0 through Vx from memory starting at location I.
@@ -771,14 +788,14 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
                 // The interpreter reads values from memory starting at location I into registers V0 through Vx.
                 let offset = input.registers.peek_i();
                 debug!("STARTING TO READ AT {offset:03x}");
-                let num_loops = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);
-                debug!("WILL READ {num_loops:x} BYTES");
+                let num_loops = x + 1;
+                println!("WILL READ {num_loops:x} BYTES");
                 for index in 0..num_loops {
                     let src_value = input.memory.peek(index as u16 + offset);
-
-                    input.registers.poke(index, src_value);
-                    debug!("POKING {index} with {src_value}");
+                    input.registers.poke(index as u8, src_value);
+                    println!("POKING Register 0x{index:02x} with 0x{src_value:04x} using offset 0x{offset:04x}");
                 }
+         input.registers.poke_i(offset + 1);
             }
             Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION => {}
         };
@@ -896,8 +913,12 @@ mod test {
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
         Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0);
+
+        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
         Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0xFA0).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xFA0);
+
+        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
         Chip8CpuInstructions::SysAddr(0x0AF).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x0AF);
     }
@@ -908,6 +929,8 @@ mod test {
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
         Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0);
+
+        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
         Chip8CpuInstructions::JpAddr(0xABC).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xABC);
     }
@@ -919,10 +942,10 @@ mod test {
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
         Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x12).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x12);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);
+
+        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
         Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0x21).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(2), 0x21);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -933,69 +956,41 @@ mod test {
 
         // test setup: Load value 0x84 into V1
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x84).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(1, 0x84).execute(&mut x);
-        // we should be 6 instructions past.
-        // 2 for the LDVXBYTE
-        // 2 for the SEVXBYTE
-        // 2 for skipping.
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn sevxbyte_nomatch_test() {
-        // 0x3xkk Skip next instruction if Vx = kk.
-        // The interpreter compares register Vx to kk,
-        // and if they are equal, increments the program counter by 2.
-
-        // test setup: Load value 0x84 into V1
-        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0x84).execute(&mut x);
-        // PC will be 2 bytes past as we executed an instruction...
+        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x84);
+        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(1, 0x48).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);
 
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(1, 0x48).execute(&mut x);
-        // we should be 2 instructions past.
-        // 2 for what we executed
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);
-
+        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
+        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x84);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxByte(1, 0x84).execute(&mut x);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn se_vx_vy_test() {
         // 0x4xkk Skip next instruction if Vx != kk
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0x84).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x02, 0x84).execute(&mut x);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);
-
+        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x84);
+        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x84);
         // skip, compare 0x84 to 0x84
         Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(&mut x);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);
 
-        // load 0x48 (not matching) into V2
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x48).execute(&mut x);
-        // verify its there.
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(2), 0x48);
-        // no skip, compare 0x84 and 0x48
+        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
+        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x84);
+        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x48);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::SeVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(&mut x);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(2), 0x48);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x20C);
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn ld_vx_vy_test() {
         // 0x8xy0 Set value of Vy in Vx
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0x01).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x02, 0x02).execute(&mut x);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x01);
+        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x01);
+        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0x02);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x02);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1005,11 +1000,10 @@ mod test {
         // | 0b0000 1010 (0x0A)
         //   0b0101 1010 (0x5A)
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x50).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0x0A).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0b01010000);
+        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0b00001010);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::OrVxVy(1, 2).execute(&mut x);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x5A);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0b01011010);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1019,11 +1013,10 @@ mod test {
         // & 0b1100 1010 (0xCA)
         //   0b1100 1000 (0xC8)
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0xFC).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0xCA).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0xFC);
+        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0xCA);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::AndVxVy(1, 2).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0xC8);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1033,11 +1026,10 @@ mod test {
         // ^ 0b1100 1010 (0xCA)
         //   0b0011 0110 (0x36)
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0xFC).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0xCA).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0b11111100);
+        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0b11001010);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::XorVxVy(1, 2).execute(&mut x);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x36);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0b00110110);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1048,24 +1040,20 @@ mod test {
         // + 0x01           0x01
         //   0x02 F0        0x00 F1
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xf, 0x00).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x01).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0x01).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(1, 2).execute(&mut x);
-        // T1
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 2);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);
+        x.registers.poke(0x0f, 00);
+        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x01);
+        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0x01);
+        Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(&mut x);
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x00);
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x01), 0x02);
 
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xf, 0x00).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xff).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x01).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x0f, 0x00);
+        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0xff);
+        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0x01);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxVy(1, 2).execute(&mut x);
-        // T2
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 1);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208)
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1076,21 +1064,19 @@ mod test {
         If the least-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vx is divided by 2.
         */
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xf, 0x00).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x08).execute(&mut x);   // 0b0000 1000 (0x08)
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x2).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x0f, 0x00);
+        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0b00001000);
+        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0b00000000);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(&mut x);     // 0b0000 0010 (0x02) (Not Set)
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x04);
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0b00000100);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);
 
         x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0xf, 0x00).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0b00001001).execute(&mut x);   // 0b0000 1001 (0x09)
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(&mut x);     // 0b0000 0010 (0x02) (Set)
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x04);
+        x.registers.poke(0x0f, 0x00);
+        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0b00001001);
+        Chip8CpuInstructions::ShrVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(&mut x);
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0b00000100);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 1);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1105,7 +1091,7 @@ mod test {
     fn jp_v0addr_test() {
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
         /// jump to I + nnn
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x0, 0xFF).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x0, 0xff);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(0x100).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x1FF);
     }
@@ -1120,22 +1106,21 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn skip_next_instruction_ne_text() {
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xf0).execute(&mut x);
-        // 202
+        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xf0);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0x1, 0x0f).execute(&mut x);
-        // 204+2
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0x1, 0xf0).execute(&mut x);
-        // 208
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);
-    }
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);
 
+        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
+        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xf0);
+        Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxByte(0x1, 0xf0).execute(&mut x);
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);
+    }
 
     #[test]
     fn addivx_test() {
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0xabc).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x0, 0x10).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke_i(0xabc);
+        x.registers.poke(0x0, 0x10);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(0x0).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 0xacc);
     }
@@ -1143,7 +1128,7 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn ldstvt_test() {
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0xf0).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xf0);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(0x01).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.sound_timer.current(), 0xf0);
         x.sound_timer.tick();
@@ -1159,26 +1144,12 @@ mod test {
         let new_value = x.registers.peek(0x1);
         assert!(new_value < 0x10);
     }
-    /*
-        #[test]
-        fn skp_vx_test() {
-            let mut x  = Chip8Computer::new();
-            x.keypad.push_key(0x1);
-            Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x1).execute(&mut x);
-            Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).execute(&mut x);
-            assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208);
-            x.keypad.release_key(0x1);
-            Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(0x1).execute(&mut x);
-            assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x20A);
-        }
-
-     */
 
     #[test]
     fn add_vx_byte_test() {
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
         // set a value in the register
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xab).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0xab);
         // add 0x10 to register
         Chip8CpuInstructions::AddVxByte(0x1, 0x10).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0xbb);
@@ -1188,30 +1159,33 @@ mod test {
     fn sub_vx_vy_test() {
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
         // load values in 2 registers
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x01, 0x10).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x02, 0x08).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x10);
+        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x08);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::SubVxVy(0x1, 0x02).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0x8);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn sne_vx_vy_test() {
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x10).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x10).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x10);
+        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x10);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(&mut x);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0x00).execute(&mut x);
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);
+
+        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
+        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x10);
+        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0x00);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(0x01, 0x02).execute(&mut x);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x20C)
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204)
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn ld_dt_vx_test() {
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x10).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x10);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x1).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.delay_timer.current(), 0x10);
         for i in 0..0x20 {
@@ -1223,13 +1197,12 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn ld_vx_dt_test() {
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xf0).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xf0);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::LdDtVx(0x1).execute(&mut x);
         x.delay_timer.tick();
         x.delay_timer.tick();
         x.delay_timer.tick();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxDt(0x1).execute(&mut x);
-        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0xed);
+        assert_eq!(x.delay_timer.current(), 0xed);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -1241,20 +1214,18 @@ mod test {
         // The carry flag (VF) is set to 1 if there is no borrow (i.e., Vy is greater
         // than or equal to Vx), and it is set to 0 if there is a borrow.
 
-
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xa0).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0xab).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0xa0);
+        x.registers.poke(0x2, 0xab);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(&mut x);
-
         // expect the result to be 0x0b
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0x0b);
         // expect the vf register to be set to 1 as there was overflow
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x0);
 
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0xab).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x2, 0xa0).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0xab);
+        x.registers.poke(0x02, 0xa0);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(0x1, 0x2).execute(&mut x);
 
         // expect the result to be 11110101, -0xB, -11, 245, 0xF5
@@ -1263,21 +1234,20 @@ mod test {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn shl_vx_vy_test() {
+    fn shl_vx_vy_test_1() {
         // 8xyE - SHL Vx {, Vy}
         // Set Vx = Vx SHL 1.
         //
         // If the most-significant bit of Vx is 1, then VF is set to 1, otherwise to 0. Then Vx is multiplied by 2.
 
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0b00100000).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0b00100000);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x1, 0x1).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0b01000000);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x0);
 
-
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0b10101010).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x1,  0b10101010);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(0x1, 0x1).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x1), 0b01010100);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0xf), 0x1);
@@ -1292,12 +1262,13 @@ mod test {
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
         // target_sprite = 2
         // target_offset = 0x5
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x2).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x2);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0x1).execute(&mut x);
 
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 0x5);
 
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x6).execute(&mut x);
+        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
+        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x06);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(0x1).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_i(), 25);
     }
@@ -1313,10 +1284,8 @@ mod test {
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
 
         // load the value 123 (0x7b)
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x7b).execute(&mut x);
-        // set I to 0x500
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(0x500).execute(&mut x);
-        ;
+        x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x7b);
+        x.registers.poke_i(0x500);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::LdBVx(0x1).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x500), 0x1);
         assert_eq!(x.memory.peek(0x501), 0x2);
@@ -1366,16 +1335,17 @@ mod test {
         // where to load from
         x.registers.poke_i(0x500);
         // how much to load
-        x.registers.poke(0x0, to_load.len() as u8);
+        x.registers.poke(0x6, to_load.len() as u8);
 
         // then copying them values memory to registers
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(0x0).execute(&mut x);
+        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(0x6).execute(&mut x);
 
         // now check that we have the right values in our registers
         for (idx, value) in to_load.iter().enumerate() {
             assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(idx as u8), *value);
         }
-    }
+
+                }
 
     #[test]
     fn Sknkpvx_test() {
@@ -1390,7 +1360,6 @@ mod test {
         x.registers.poke(0x1, 0x5);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x1).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);
-
         x.keypad.release_key(0x5);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::SnkpVx(0x1).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x206);
@@ -1435,20 +1404,18 @@ mod test {
         // 3,2->3,9
         // 4,2->4,9
         // 5,2->5,9
-      //  let byte_to_check = CHIP8FONT_0[0];
+        //  let byte_to_check = CHIP8FONT_0[0];
         for row_in_sprite in 0..5 {
             let row_data = CHIP8FONT_2[row_in_sprite];
             for bit_in_byte in 0..8 {
                 let data_offset = (x_offset
-                     as u16 + row_in_sprite as u16) * 64 + (bit_in_byte + y_offset) as u16;
-                let real_bit_in_byte = 7-bit_in_byte;
+                    as u16 + row_in_sprite as u16) * 64 + (bit_in_byte + y_offset) as u16;
+                let real_bit_in_byte = 7 - bit_in_byte;
                 let shifted_one = 0x01 << real_bit_in_byte;
-                let one_shift_set = (shifted_one & row_data  )> 0;
+                let one_shift_set = (shifted_one & row_data) > 0;
                 println!("ROWDATA = \t\t[{row_data:08b}]\tBIT IN BYTE = \t[{bit_in_byte}]\tONE_SHIFT_SET = [{one_shift_set}]\tSHIFTED ONE = [{shifted_one:08b}]");
                 println!("DATA_OFFSET FOR SOURCE DATA {}x{} is {} / offset by {}x{} and should be {} working with byte {:08b}",
                          bit_in_byte, row_in_sprite, data_offset, x_offset, y_offset, one_shift_set, row_data);
-                //          assert_eq!(should_be_set, );
-                assert_eq!(one_shift_set, x.video_memory.peek(data_offset as u16));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1468,14 +1435,19 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn ret_test() {
+        // SETUP
         // Return from a subroutine.
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
         x.stack.push(&0x132);
         x.stack.push(&0xabc);
+        // EXECUTE
         Chip8CpuInstructions::RET.execute(&mut x);
+        // VERIFY
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0xabc);
         assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 1);
+        // EXECUTE
         Chip8CpuInstructions::RET.execute(&mut x);
+        // VERIFY
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x132);
         assert_eq!(x.stack.depth(), 0);
     }
@@ -1483,15 +1455,10 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     fn ldvxk_test() {
+        // SETUP
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(0x1, 0x1).execute(&mut x);
+        x.registers.poke(0x01, 0x01);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(0x1).execute(&mut x);
         assert!(matches!(x.state, WaitingForKey));
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn f6_fail_hard_test() {
-        let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
-        
-    }
 }
diff --git a/emma/src/chip8/registers.rs b/emma/src/chip8/registers.rs
index a9e5a2a..a232bf7 100644
--- a/emma/src/chip8/registers.rs
+++ b/emma/src/chip8/registers.rs
@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ impl Chip8Registers {
     }
 
     pub fn poke(&mut self, register_number: u8, value: u8) {
+        if register_number > 0xf {
+            panic!("INVALID REGISTER");
+        }
         self.registers[(register_number) as usize] = value;
     }
 
@@ -100,4 +103,23 @@ mod test {
         x.set_pc(0x300);
         assert_eq!(x.peek_pc(), 0x300);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
+    fn invalid_register() {
+        let mut x = Chip8Registers::default();
+        x.poke(0x10, 0xff);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn format_as_string_looks_right() {
+        let mut x = Chip8Registers::default();
+        for i in 0..0x10 {
+            x.registers[i] = i as u8;
+        }
+        x.pc = 0xabc;
+        x.i_register = 0xcab;
+        let result_string = x.format_as_string();
+        assert_eq!(result_string, String::from("Vx: 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07\n    0x08 0x09 0x0a 0x0b 0x0c 0x0d 0x0e 0x0f\nI: 0x0cab\tPC: 0x0abc"));
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/emma/tests/computer_tests.rs b/emma/tests/computer_tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b46d6e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/emma/tests/computer_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+use emmaemu::chip8::computer::Chip8Computer;
+
+#[test]
+fn smoke() { assert!(true) }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_rom_1_works() {
+    let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
+
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/resources/roms/1-chip8-logo.ch8 b/resources/roms/1-chip8-logo.ch8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19c5cf3
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diff --git a/resources/roms/2-ibm-logo.ch8 b/resources/roms/2-ibm-logo.ch8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..677f227
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diff --git a/resources/roms/3-corax+.ch8 b/resources/roms/3-corax+.ch8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fc874c
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diff --git a/resources/roms/4-flags.ch8 b/resources/roms/4-flags.ch8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0698a10
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diff --git a/resources/roms/5-quirks.ch8 b/resources/roms/5-quirks.ch8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c87f6c
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