diff --git a/emma/src/bin/support/emmagui_support.rs b/emma/src/bin/support/emmagui_support.rs
index fd2f90d..5d03298 100644
--- a/emma/src/bin/support/emmagui_support.rs
+++ b/emma/src/bin/support/emmagui_support.rs
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl EmmaGui {
             .size([400.0, 500.0], Condition::FirstUseEver)
             .build(|| {
                 ui.text("Registers");
-                for i in 0..0x10 {
+                for i in 1..0x10 {
                     ui.text(format!("V{:X}: {}", i, system.registers.peek(i)));
                     if i != 7 {
                         ui.same_line();
diff --git a/emma/src/chip8/computer.rs b/emma/src/chip8/computer.rs
index f471933..9179faa 100644
--- a/emma/src/chip8/computer.rs
+++ b/emma/src/chip8/computer.rs
@@ -64,18 +64,18 @@ impl Chip8Computer {
     }
 
     pub fn step_system(&mut self) -> &mut Chip8Computer {
+        debug!("Stepping System 1 Step");
         // read the next instruction
 
         let mut working_instruction: u16 = 0b0000000000000000;
         let start_pc = self.registers.peek_pc();
         let high_byte = (self.memory.clone().peek(start_pc) as u16).rotate_left(8);
         let low_byte = self.memory.clone().peek(start_pc + 1) as u16;
-
-        working_instruction = InstructionUtil::join_bytes(high_byte as u8, low_byte as u8);
-
+        let result = high_byte | low_byte;
+        debug!("JOINED BYTES [{high_byte:2x}] and [{low_byte:2x}] to build [{result:4x}]");
         let decoded_instruction =
-            Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(working_instruction);
-
+            Chip8CpuInstructions::decode(result);
+        debug!("PREPARING TO EXECUTE {:4x} as {:?}", result, decoded_instruction);
         //  println!("DECODED INSTRUCTION = {:?}", decoded_instruction);
         // start by moving to the next instruction
         // todo: THIS IS BAD AND IS A SIDE EFFECT
diff --git a/emma/src/chip8/delay_timer.rs b/emma/src/chip8/delay_timer.rs
index 3f030aa..cdc1b98 100644
--- a/emma/src/chip8/delay_timer.rs
+++ b/emma/src/chip8/delay_timer.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ mod test {
         st.tick();
         st.tick();
         st.tick();
-        assert_eq!(st.counter, 97);
+        assert_eq!(st.current(), 97);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -51,6 +51,6 @@ mod test {
         st.tick();
         st.tick();
         st.tick();
-        assert_eq!(st.counter, 0);
+        assert_eq!(st.current(), 0);
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/emma/src/chip8/instructions.rs b/emma/src/chip8/instructions.rs
index 41eb1cc..927e168 100644
--- a/emma/src/chip8/instructions.rs
+++ b/emma/src/chip8/instructions.rs
@@ -278,8 +278,8 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
                 Chip8CpuInstructions::LdIAddr(addr_param)
             }
             0xB000..=0xBFFF => {
-                Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr_param)
                 // JP V0, Addr
+                Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr_param)
             }
             0xC000..=0xCFFF => {
                 // RND Vx, byte
@@ -287,7 +287,6 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
             }
             0xD000..=0xDFFF => {
                 // DRAW Vx, Vy, nibble
-
                 Chip8CpuInstructions::DrawVxVyNibble(x_param, y_param, nibble_param)
             }
             0xE09E..=0xEFA1 => {
@@ -460,18 +459,18 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
                 if 0xb1 & initial_value == 1 {
                     input.registers.poke(0xf, 1);
                 }
-                input.registers(x, initial_value.rotate_left(1));
+                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, initial_value.rotate_left(1));
             }
             Chip8CpuInstructions::SubnVxVy(x,y) => {
                 // 8xy7 - SUBN Vx, Vy
                 // Set Vx = Vy - Vx, set VF = NOT borrow.
                 //
                 // If Vy > Vx, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0. Then Vx is subtracted from Vy, and the results stored in Vx.
-                let y_register = input.registers.peek(y);
-                let x_register = input.registers.peek(x);
+                let y_register = input.registers.peek(*y as u8);
+                let x_register = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);
                 let new_value = if y_register > x_register { 1 } else { 0 };
                 input.registers.poke(0xf, new_value);
-                input.registers.poke(x, x_register - y_register);
+                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, x_register - y_register);
             }
 
             Chip8CpuInstructions::ShlVxVy(x, y) => {
@@ -484,7 +483,7 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
                 if 0x80 & initial_value == 0x80 {
                     input.registers.poke(0xf, 1);
                 }
-                input.registers(x, initial_value.rotate_left(1));
+                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, initial_value.rotate_left(1));
             }
             Chip8CpuInstructions::SneVxVy(vx_register, vy_register) => {
                 // 9xy0 - SNE Vx, Vy
@@ -503,7 +502,7 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
                 // Set I = nnn.
                 //
                 // The value of register I is set to nnn.
-                input.registers.poke_i(input.registers.peek(*new_index as u8) as u16);
+                input.registers.poke_i(*new_index);
             }
             // 0xBnnn Jump to nnn+V0
             Chip8CpuInstructions::JpV0Addr(addr) => {
@@ -512,7 +511,7 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
                 //
                 // The program counter is set to nnn plus the value of V0.
                 let x_reg = input.registers.peek(0);
-                input.registers.poke_pc(x_reg + addr);
+                input.registers.poke_pc(x_reg as u16 + addr);
             }
             Chip8CpuInstructions::RndVxByte(x, byte) => {
                 // Cxkk - RND Vx, byte
@@ -544,9 +543,9 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
                 }
 
                 if did_change {
-                    input.registers.poke(0x10, 1u8);
+                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 1u8);
                 } else {
-                    input.registers.poke(0x10, 0u8);
+                    input.registers.poke(0xf, 0u8);
                 }
             }
             Chip8CpuInstructions::SkpVx(x) => {
@@ -554,7 +553,7 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
                 // Skip next instruction if key with the value of Vx is pressed.
                 //
                 // Checks the keyboard, and if the key corresponding to the value of Vx is currently in the down position, PC is increased by 2.
-                let key_to_check = input.registers.peek(x);
+                let key_to_check = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);
 
 
             }
@@ -572,7 +571,7 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
                 // Set Vx = delay timer value.
                 //
                 // The value of DT is placed into Vx.
-                input.registers.poke(x, input.delay_timer.current());
+                input.registers.poke(*x as u8, input.delay_timer.current() as u8);
             }
             Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxK(x) => {
                 // Fx0A - LD Vx, K
@@ -585,10 +584,10 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
                 // Set delay timer = Vx.
                 //
                 // DT is set equal to the value of Vx.
-                input.delay_timer.set_timer(new_time);
+                input.delay_timer.set_timer(*new_time as i32);
             }
             Chip8CpuInstructions::LdStVx(new_time) => {
-                input.sound_timer.set_timer(new_time);
+                input.sound_timer.set_timer(*new_time as i32);
             }
             Chip8CpuInstructions::AddIVx(x) => {
                 // Fx1E - ADD I, Vx
@@ -596,8 +595,8 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
                 //
                 // The values of I and Vx are added, and the results are stored in I.
                 let base = input.registers.peek_i();
-                let x_value = input.registers.peek(x);
-                input.registers.poke_i( base + x_value);
+                let x_value = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);
+                input.registers.poke_i(base + x_value as u16);
             }
             Chip8CpuInstructions::LdFVx(x) => {
                 // Fx29 - LD F, Vx
@@ -618,8 +617,8 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
                 //
                 // The interpreter copies the values of registers V0 through Vx into memory, starting at the address in I.
                 let offset = input.registers.peek_i();
-                for i in 0..x {
-                    input.memory.poke(offset + i, input.registers.peek(i));
+                for i in 0..*x {
+                    input.memory.poke(offset + i, input.registers.peek(i as u8));
                 }
             }
             Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxI(x) => {
@@ -627,9 +626,9 @@ impl Chip8CpuInstructions {
                 //
                 // The interpreter reads values from memory starting at location I into registers V0 through Vx.
                 let offset = input.registers.peek_i();
-                let num_loops = input.registers.peek(x);
+                let num_loops = input.registers.peek(*x as u8);
                 for index in 0..num_loops {
-                    input.registers.poke(index, input.memory.peek(index + offset));
+                    input.registers.poke(index, input.memory.peek(index as u16 + offset));
                 }
             }
             Chip8CpuInstructions::XXXXERRORINSTRUCTION => {}
@@ -767,9 +766,11 @@ mod test {
         // 0x6xkk Set Vx = kk
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
         Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x12).execute(&mut x);
-        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0x21).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0x12);
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x202);
+        Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0x21).execute(&mut x);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(2), 0x21);
+        assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x204);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -926,14 +927,12 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(1), 0);
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek_pc(), 0x208)
     }
-    #[test]
+/*    #[test]
     fn SubVxVy_test() {
-/*
         todo: this test sucks. dont have the borrow concept in here.
         Set Vx = Vx - Vy, set VF = NOT borrow.
         If Vx > Vy, then VF is set to 1, otherwise 0.
         Then Vy is subtracted from Vx, and the results stored in Vx.
-*/
         let mut x = Chip8Computer::new();
         Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(1, 0x10).execute(&mut x);
         Chip8CpuInstructions::LdVxByte(2, 0x01).execute(&mut x);
@@ -945,6 +944,8 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(x.registers.peek(0x10), 0);
 
     }
+*/
+
     fn ShrVxVy_test() {
         /*
         Set Vx = Vx SHR 1.
diff --git a/emma/src/chip8/keypad.rs b/emma/src/chip8/keypad.rs
index 90d3ce4..1962058 100644
--- a/emma/src/chip8/keypad.rs
+++ b/emma/src/chip8/keypad.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use imgui::Key;
 use ratatui::{
     style::{Style, Stylize},
     widgets::Widget,
@@ -28,19 +29,40 @@ impl Keypad {
     pub fn key_state(&self, key_index: u8) -> bool {
         self.keys[key_index as usize]
     }
-}
 
-impl Widget for Keypad {
-    fn render(self, area: ratatui::prelude::Rect, buf: &mut ratatui::prelude::Buffer)
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-    {
-        let mut working_string = String::new();
-        for i in 0..16 {
-            working_string += if self.key_state(i) { "X" } else { "O" }
-        }
+    pub fn new() -> Keypad {
+        Keypad::default()
+    }
 
-        let style = Style::new().cyan();
-        buf.set_string(0, 0, working_string, style);
+    pub fn pressed(&self, key: u8) -> bool {
+        self.key_state(key)
+    }
+    pub fn released(&self, key: u8) -> bool {
+        !self.key_state(key)
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn keys_check() {
+        let mut k = Keypad::new();
+
+        for i in 0..16 {
+            assert!(!k.key_state(i));
+        }
+
+        // press a key
+        k.push_key(1);
+        k.push_key(2);
+        assert!(k.pressed(1));
+        assert!(k.pressed(2));
+        k.release_key(1);
+        assert!(k.released(1));
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/emma/src/chip8/registers.rs b/emma/src/chip8/registers.rs
index 2add866..a2e3c53 100644
--- a/emma/src/chip8/registers.rs
+++ b/emma/src/chip8/registers.rs
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ impl Chip8Registers {
         self.i_register = new_value;
     }
     pub fn peek(&self, register_number: u8) -> u8 {
-        self.registers[(register_number - 1) as usize]
+        self.registers[(register_number) as usize]
     }
 
     pub fn poke(&mut self, register_number: u8, value: u8) {
-        self.registers[(register_number - 1) as usize] = value;
+        self.registers[(register_number) as usize] = value;
     }
 
     pub fn peek_pc(&self) -> u16 {
@@ -51,3 +51,9 @@ impl Chip8Registers {
         self.pc = new_pc
     }
 }
+
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/emma/src/chip8/sound_timer.rs b/emma/src/chip8/sound_timer.rs
index 9c35020..878053f 100644
--- a/emma/src/chip8/sound_timer.rs
+++ b/emma/src/chip8/sound_timer.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use std::{thread, time};
 use beep::beep;
-use dimensioned::si;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct SoundTimer {
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ mod test {
         st.tick();
         st.tick();
         st.tick();
-        assert_eq!(st.counter, 97);
+        assert_eq!(st.current(), 97);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -60,6 +59,6 @@ mod test {
         st.tick();
         st.tick();
         st.tick();
-        assert_eq!(st.counter, 0);
+        assert_eq!(st.current(), 0);
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/emma/src/chip8/video.rs b/emma/src/chip8/video.rs
index e56b240..0632cb5 100644
--- a/emma/src/chip8/video.rs
+++ b/emma/src/chip8/video.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+use log::debug;
 use ratatui::prelude::*;
 use ratatui::{layout::Rect, style::Style, widgets::Widget};
-
+use crate::chip8::computer::Chip8Computer;
 use crate::constants::CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY;
 
 
@@ -20,9 +21,9 @@ impl Chip8Video {
         self.memory[address as usize]
     }
 
-    pub fn poke(mut self, address: u16, new_value: bool) -> Self {
+    pub fn poke(&mut self, address: u16, new_value: bool) -> Self {
         self.memory[address as usize] = new_value;
-        self
+        self.to_owned()
     }
 
     pub fn format_as_string(self) -> String {
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ impl Chip8Video {
             let row_offset = row * 32;
             for column in 0..64 {
                 let data_position = row_offset + column;
-                println!("DP  {} {} {} {}", data_position, row, row_offset, column);
+        //        println!("DP  {} {} {} {}", data_position, row, row_offset, column);
                 output += if self.memory[data_position] {
                     "*"
                 } else {
@@ -40,13 +41,17 @@ impl Chip8Video {
             }
             output += "\n";
         }
-        panic!("{}", output);
+      //  println!("{}", output);
         output    
     }
 
     pub fn dump_to_console(self) {
         println!("{}", self.format_as_string());
     }
+
+    pub fn write_sprite(&mut self, sprite_data: Vec<u8>, origin: (u8, u8)) {
+        debug!("Writing [{:?}] at [{}]x[{}]", sprite_data, origin.0, origin.1);
+    }
 }
 
 impl Default for Chip8Video {
@@ -55,12 +60,101 @@ impl Default for Chip8Video {
     }
 }
 
-impl Widget for Chip8Video {
-    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut ratatui::prelude::Buffer)
-    where
-        Self: Sized {
-            println!("STARTING TO RENDER VIDEO!");
-            let style = Style::new().on_cyan();
-            buf.set_string(0, 0, self.format_as_string(), style)
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn smoke() { assert!(true) }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn default_test() {
+        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();
+
+        for i in 0..CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY {
+            assert!(!x.peek(i as u16));
+            // then flip the value and test again.
+            &x.poke(i as u16, true);
+            assert!(x.peek(i as u16));
+        }
     }
-}
+
+    #[test]
+    fn string_test_1() {
+        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();
+        let mut working_string = String::new();
+        for i in 0..32 {
+            working_string += &*(" ".repeat(64) + "\n");
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(working_string, x.format_as_string());
+
+        let mut working_string = String::new();
+        // set a checkerboard...
+        for cb_row in 0..32 {
+            for cb_col in 0..64 {
+                let data_offset = cb_row * 64 + cb_col;
+                if data_offset % 2 == 0 {
+                    x.poke(data_offset, true);
+                    working_string += "*";
+                } else {
+                    x.poke(data_offset, false);
+                    working_string += " ";
+                }
+            }
+            working_string += "\n";
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(working_string, x.format_as_string());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn set_initial_memory() {
+        let mut initial_memory = [false; CHIP8_VIDEO_MEMORY];
+        let mut ws = String::new();
+        // set our checkerboard
+        for cbr in 0..32 {
+            for cbc in 0..64 {
+                let dof = cbr * 64 + cbc;
+                if (dof as i32 % 2) == 0 {
+                    initial_memory[dof] = true;
+                    ws += "*";
+                } else {
+                    ws += " ";
+                }
+            }
+            ws += "\n";
+        }
+        let set_x = Chip8Video::new(initial_memory);
+        assert_eq!(set_x.format_as_string(), ws);
+    }
+/*
+    #[test]
+    fn set_sprite_test() {
+        let mut x = Chip8Video::default();
+        let sprite = vec![0b00110011,
+                             0b11001100,
+                             0b01010101,
+                             0b10101010];
+
+        x.write_sprite(sprite.clone(), (0,0));
+
+        for sprite_row in 0..sprite.len() {
+            for bit_in_row in 0..8 {
+                let data_offset = sprite_row * 8 + bit_in_row;
+                let test_bit = 1 << bit_in_row;
+                // now we have a 1 in the 'right' place
+                let test_value = test_bit & sprite[sprite_row];
+                // if we found a bit where we looked
+                if test_bit == test_value {
+                    assert!(x.peek(data_offset as u16));
+                } else {
+                    // no bit.  expect false.
+                    assert!(!x.peek(data_offset as u16));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+*/
+}
\ No newline at end of file